| 1. |
- Augustsson, Jesper, Docent, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Styrketräning för idrott, motion och rehabilitering
- 2019. - 2
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Styrketräning kan utövas som en egen idrott i form av tyngdlyftning och styrkelyft. Styrketräning bedrivs också i prestationshöjande syfte som ett viktigt komplement till andra träningsformer eller idrotter. Många styrketränar för att orka mer och klara vardag och fritid bättre. Sist men inte minst spelar styrketräning en viktig roll i att förebygga och behandla skador och sjukdomar.Styrketräning är inkluderande och kan utformas så att vem som helst, oberoende av ålder och fysisk status kan utföra den. Styrketräning är också skonsam och anpassningsbar och därför alltid ett alternativ när andra träningsformer blivit för krävande och inte längre fungerar att utföra. Styrketräning är dessutom en effektiv och utmanande träningsform, på kort tid kan man pressas till total utmattning.Det är alltså inte så konstigt att styrketräning är en av de vanligaste träningsformerna och idag har mer än två miljoner utövare i Sverige. Och i takt med att intresset för styrketräning ökar, så bidrar forskningen till att kunskapen om kropp och muskler också ökar. Denna bok är den mest heltäckande och ambitiösa om styrketräning som skrivits i Sverige och ger såväl kunskap som vägledning kring hur styrketräning ska bedrivas för att ge optimal effekt utifrån träningens syfte. Boken är indelad i olika kapitel som behandlar många olika aspekter av styrketräning. För att öka förståelsen och för att göra läsningen så stimulerande som möjligt är boken rikt illustrerad och försedd med faktarutor och sammanfattningar.Den nya upplagan av boken har både uppdaterats och utökats med nya forskningsrön, aktuella referenser och information i samtliga kapitel. Den tillämpade delen av boken har ytterligare fördjupats med nya bilder där de mest betydelsefulla styrketräningsövningarna demonstreras på ett unikt och pedagogiskt sätt för läsaren. Kapitlen Styrketräning för unga, gravida och äldre, Förebyggande och rehabiliterande styrketräning och Kostens betydelse vid styrketräning har alla nytt innehåll. Ett helt nytt kapitel, Träningsplanering och tester för styrketräning, har tillkommit.Styrketräning – för idrott, motion och rehabilitering riktar sig bland annat till aktiva och ledare inom idrottsrörelsen, hälso-, friskvårds-, gym- och fitnessbranschens aktörer och till utbildningar av fysioterapeuter, idrottsvetare, hälsovetare, biomedicinare, idrottslärare med flera.
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| 2. |
- Ekman, Petter, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Aerodynamic Drag Reduction - from Conceptual Design on a Simplified Generic Model to Full-Scale Road Tests
- 2015
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Ingår i: SAE 2015 World Congress & Exhibition. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Road transportation by trucks is the major part of the goods transportations system in the European Union (EU), and there is a need for increased fuel efficiency. While truck manufacturers already spend significant resources in order to reduce the emissions from their vehicles, most truck manufacturers do not control the shape of the trailer and/or swap bodies. These devices are usually manufactured by different companies that cannot consider the overall aerodynamics around the complete vehicle.By use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and previous wind tunnel experiments, the flow around a simplified generic tractor-trailer model has been investigated. With better understanding of the flow features around the tractor with attached trailer or swap bodies, an improved design of the trailer and swap body can be achieved, which is the aim for the project. Special emphasis is put on achieving simple, easy to install or implement drag-reducing geometrical modifications to the trailer or swap bodies that can be mounted on existing trucks.Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations were used for the conceptual development phase where trends in drag reduction due to the modified geometries were studied using a parameter study, while more advanced scale resolving simulations (SRS) were used in order to investigate the details of the flow fields.The investigation indicates that aerodynamic drag reduction is possible with quite simple geometrical modifications. Some of the results have also been verified through road tests of vehicles in commercial use, which has shown reduced fuel consumption of up to 5%.
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| 3. |
- Ekman, Petter, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Aerodynamic Drag Reduction of a Light Truck - from Conceptual Design to Full Scale Road Tests
- 2016
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Ingår i: SAE 2016 World Congress and Exhibition. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Considerable amounts of the everyday goods transports are done using light trucks. In the last ten years (2005-2015), the number of light trucks has increased by 33 % in Sweden. The majority of these light trucks are fitted with a swap body and encounter the same problem as many other truck configurations, namely that several different manufacturers contribute to the final shape of the vehicle. Due to this, the aerodynamics of the final vehicle is often not fully considered. Hence there appears to be room for improving the aerodynamic performance. In this study the flow around a swap body fitted to a light truck has been investigated using Computational Fluid Dynamics. The focus has been on improving the shape of the swap body in order to reduce both the aerodynamic drag and fuel consumption, while still keeping it usable for daily operations. Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes simulations were used for concept evaluation while more advanced Detached Eddy Simulations were performed on the best concept in order to investigate details of the flow. Various concepts were evaluated from which it could be seen that a more streamlined top of the swap body together with a lowered top trailing edge had a significant positive effect on the aerodynamic drag. A full scale light truck was equipped with a swap body with with these modifications for road tests. During a test period, a mean fuel consumption reduction of 12 % was measured, thus indicating a significantly reduced aerodynamic drag.
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| 4. |
- Ekman, Petter, et al.
(författare)
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Aerodynamics of an Unloaded Timber Truck - A CFD Investigation
- 2016
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Ingår i: SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles. - : SAE INT. - 1946-391X .- 1946-3928. ; 9:2, s. 217-223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reducing energy consumption and emissions are ongoing challenges for the transport sector. The increased number of goods transports emphasize these challenges even more, as greenhouse gas emissions from these vehicles increased by 20 % between 1990 and 2013, in Sweden. One special case of goods transports is the transport of timber. Today in Sweden, around 2000 timber trucks transport around six billion ton kilometers every year. For every ton kilometer these vehicles use around 0.025 liter diesel, and there should exist large possibilities to reduce the fuel consumption and the emissions for these vehicles. Timber trucks spend most of their operation time travelling in speeds of around 80 km/h. At this speed aerodynamic drag contributes to around 30 % of the total vehicle resistance, which makes the aerodynamic drag a significant part of the energy consumption. One of the big challenges with timber trucks is that they travel unloaded half of the time. This put higher demands on possible drag reduction modifications, as they need to function and be practical for both when the timber truck is loaded and unloaded. In this study an unloaded timber truck has been investigated by use of computational fluid dynamics. The recently released Stress Blended Eddy Simulation model has been used for simulating the flow over a timber truck at a Reynolds number of 1.1 million, based on the square root of its frontal area. From the results it could be seen that 52.8 % of the drag is generated by the cab. By investigating a drag reduction device that covered the gap between the bulkhead and the first stake pair, a drag reduction up to 6.7 % was possible, which shows potential for simple modifications that not influence the daily usage.
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| 5. |
- Gårdhagen, Roland, et al.
(författare)
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Large Eddy Simulation of Pulsating Flow Before and After CoA Repair - CFD for Intervention Planning
- 2015
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Ingår i: Advances in Mechanical Engineering. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation / SAGE Publications. - 1687-8132 .- 1687-8140. ; 7:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large eddy simulation was applied to investigate hemodynamics in a model with coarctation of the aorta (CoA) and post-stenotic dilatation. Special focus was put on the role of hemodynamics for success of CoA repair. Several parameters previously identified as related to cardiovascular disease were studied. Known risk factors were observed both with CoA and after repair, and the restoration of the anatomy seems to be crucial for a successful result.
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| 6. |
- Hamrin Senorski, Eric, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Concomitant injuries may not reduce the likelihood of achieving symmetrical muscle function oneyear after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective observational study based on 263 patients.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-7347. ; 26:10, s. 2966-2977
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A better understanding of patient characteristics and the way common concomitant injuries affect the recovery of muscle function after surgery should help providers to treat patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. The aim of this study was to determine whether patient characteristics, concomitant injuries and graft choice at ACL reconstruction were associated with symmetrical knee muscle function at one year. The hypothesis was that the presence of concomitant injuries would negatively influence the opportunity to achieve symmetrical knee function at the one-year follow-up.Data was extracted from the Swedish National Knee Ligament Register and a rehabilitation outcome register between August 2012 and December 2016. The patients had been evaluated with a battery of tests comprising knee extension and flexion strength, vertical jump, hop for distance and the side-hop test one year after ACL reconstruction. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed with achieving a limb symmetry index (LSI) of ≥90% in all tests of muscle function as primary outcome.A total of 263 patients with a mean age of 26.7±10.3years were included in the study (47% females). No patient demographic or intra-operative predictors were found to be significant when attempting to predict the achievement of a symmetrical muscle function. Lateral meniscus injury and a patellar tendon autograft reduced the odds of achieving an LSI of ≥90% in knee extension strength, OR=0.49 [(95% CI 0.25-0.97), p=0.039] and OR=0.30 [(95% CI 0.14-0.67), p=0.0033] respectively. In addition, reduced odds of recovering knee extension strength were found in older patients, OR=0.76 [(95% CI 0.60-0.98), p=0.034]. A higher pre-injury level of physical activity increased the odds of recovering knee flexion strength, OR=1.14 [(95% CI 1.01-1.29), p=0.037].Intra-operatively identified concomitant injuries or graft choice did not affect the likelihood of recovering symmetrical performance in five different tests of muscle function one year after ACL reconstruction. However, fewer than one in four patients achieved an LSI of ≥90% in all tests.Prospective observational study: Level 2.
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| 7. |
- Hamrin Senorski, Eric, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Low 1-Year Return-to-Sport Rate After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Regardless of Patient and Surgical Factors A Prospective Cohort Study of 272 Patients
- 2018
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Ingår i: American Journal of Sports Medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 0363-5465 .- 1552-3365. ; 46:7, s. 1551-1558
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is insufficient knowledge about the way that concomitant injuries affect the short-term likelihood of a return to a knee-strenuous sport after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Hypotheses/Purpose: The purpose was to study whether patient characteristics, concomitant injuries, and graft choice at primary ACL reconstruction can predict return to sport (RTS) 1 year after surgery. The hypotheses were that younger age at the time of ACL reconstruction would positively affect RTS, while the presence of concomitant injuries would negatively affect RTS 1 year after surgery. Methods: Data were extracted from a rehabilitation-specific register and the Swedish National Knee Ligament Register. Twelve months after surgery, all patients were evaluated for RTS via the Tegner Activity Scale. The primary outcome was a return to kneestrenuous sport, defined as a Tegner Activity Scale >= 6. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed with patient characteristics, concomitant knee injuries, and graft choice as independent variables. Results: A total of 272 patients (51% female) with a mean +/- SD age of 25.0 +/- 6 9.2 years were included. In the multivariable analysis, a favorable odds ratio (OR) for returning to sport was found for patients of male sex (OR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.43-4.65; P = .0016), younger age at the time of ACL reconstruction (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.59-3.33; P < 0001), a higher preinjury score on the Tegner Activity Scale (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.13-1.87; P = .0038), and an absence of injury to the meniscus (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.10-3.36; P = .023) and medial collateral ligament (OR, 7.61; 95% CI, 1.42-40.87; P = .018). In addition, the absence of cartilage injury was favorable in terms of RTS in the univariable analysis (OR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.40-4.39; P = .0018). Conclusion: Positive predictors of a return to knee-strenuous sport 1 year after ACL reconstruction were male sex, younger age, a high preinjury level of physical activity, and the absence of concomitant injuries to the medial collateral ligament and meniscus.
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| 8. |
- Hamrin Senorski, Eric, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Return to knee-strenuous sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a report from a rehabilitation outcome registry of patient characteristics.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-7347. ; 25:5, s. 1364-1374
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To characterise patients who returned to knee-strenuous sports after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.Data from isotonic tests of muscle function and patient-reported outcome measures, Tegner activity scale (Tegner and Lysholm in Clin Orthop Relat Res 198:43-49, 1985), physical activity scale, knee injury and osteoarthritis scale and knee self-efficacy scale were extracted from a registry. The 157 included patients, 15-30years of age, had undergone primary ACL reconstruction and were all involved in knee-strenuous sports, i.e. pre-injury Tegner of 6 or higher. Return to sport was studied in two different ways: return to pre-injury Tegner and return to knee-strenuous sport (Tegner 6).Fifty-two patients (33%), who returned to pre-injury Tegner, 10months after surgery, were characterised by better subjective knee function measured with the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (p<0.05), compared with patients who did not. These patients also had higher perceived self-efficacy of knee function (p<0.01), measured with knee self-efficacy scale. Eighty-four patients (54%) who returned to knee-strenuous sports, i.e. Tegner 6 or higher, were characterised by higher goals for physical activity (p<0.01) and higher self-efficacy of future knee function (p<0.05). Strength measurements showed that women who returned to sports were stronger in leg extension than women who did not. No differences were found in Limb Symmetry Index for knee strength or jumping ability.Patients who returned to sports after ACL reconstruction had better subjective knee function and higher self-efficacy of knee function. Results highlight that further emphasis should be placed at psychological factors during rehabilitation of patients after ACLR.II.
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| 9. |
- Hellstrand Tang, Ulla, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Foot deformities, function in the lower extremities, and plantar pressure in patients with diabetes at high risk to develop foot ulcers
- 2015
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Ingår i: Diabetic Foot & Ankle. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2000-625X. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective : Foot deformities, neuropathy, and dysfunction in the lower extremities are known risk factors that increase plantar peak pressure (PP) and, as a result, the risk of developing foot ulcers in patients with diabetes. However, knowledge about the prevalence of these factors is still limited. The aim of the present study was to describe the prevalence of risk factors observed in patients with diabetes without foot ulcers and to explore possible connections between the risk factors and high plantar pressure. Patients and methods : Patients diagnosed with type 1 ( n= 27) or type 2 ( n= 47) diabetes (mean age 60.0±15.0 years) were included in this cross-sectional study. Assessments included the registration of foot deformities; test of gross function at the hip, knee, and ankle joints; a stratification of the risk of developing foot ulcers according to the Swedish National Diabetes Register; a walking test; and self-reported questionnaires including the SF-36 health survey. In-shoe PP was measured in seven regions of interests on the sole of the foot using F-Scan ® . An exploratory analysis of the association of risk factors with PP was performed. Results : Neuropathy was present in 28 (38%), and 39 (53%) had callosities in the heel region. Low forefoot arch was present in 57 (77%). Gait-related parameters, such as the ability to walk on the forefoot or heel, were normal in all patients. Eighty percent had normal function at the hip and ankle joints. Gait velocity was 1.2±0.2 m/s. All patients were stratified to risk group 3. Hallux valgus and hallux rigidus were associated with an increase in the PP in the medial forefoot. A higher body mass index (BMI) was found to increase the PP at metatarsal heads 4 and 5. Pes planus was associated with a decrease in PP at metatarsal head 1. Neuropathy did not have a high association with PP. Conclusions: This study identified several potential risk factors for the onset of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). Hallux valgus and hallux rigidus appeared to increase the PP under the medial forefoot and a high BMI appeared to increase the PP under the lateral forefoot. There is a need to construct a simple, valid, and reliable assessment routine to detect potential risk factors for the onset of DFU.
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| 10. |
- Hellstrand Tang, Ulla, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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The D-Foot, for prosthetists and orthotists, a new eHealth tool useful in useful in risk classification and foot assessment in diabetes
- 2017
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Ingår i: Foot and Ankle Online Journal. - : International Foot & Ankle Foundation. - 1941-6806. ; 10:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The prevention and care of foot problems in diabetes begins with a risk classification. Today, the prosthetists and orthotists (CPO) and other health care professionals assess the risk of developing foot ulcers more or less subjectively. The objective of the study was to describe the construction of an eHealth tool, the D-Foot, which generates a risk classification. The reliability of the D-Foot was tested. Methods: The D-Foot includes 22 clinical assessments and four self-reported questions. The content validity was assured by expert group consensus and the reliability was assessed through an empirical test-retest study. Inter- and intra-rater reliability was calculated using patients referred to four departments of prosthetics and orthotics (DPO). Results: The agreement for the risk classification generated using the D-Foot was 0.82 (pooled kappa 0.31, varying from 0.16 to 1.00 at single DPOs). The inter-rater agreement was > 0.80 regarding the assessments of amputation, Charcot deformity, foot ulcer, gait deviation, hallux valgus/hallux varus and risk grade. The inter- and intra-rater agreements for the discrete measurements were > 0.59 and > 0.72 respectively. For continuous measurements, the inter- and intra-rater correlation varied (0.33-0.98 and 0.25-0.99 respectively). Conclusion: The D-Foot gave a reliable risk foot classification. However, there was a variation in the inter- and intra-rater reliability of the assessments included and refinements are needed for variables with low agreement. Based on the results, the D-Foot will be revised before it is implemented in clinical practice.
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