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- Vilaplana, Francisco, et al.
(author)
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Analysis of brominated flame retardants in styrenic polymers : Comparison of the extraction efficiency of ultrasonication, microwave-assisted extraction and pressurised liquid extraction
- 2008
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In: Journal of Chromatography A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9673 .- 1873-3778. ; 1196:1-2, s. 139-146
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The extraction efficiency of pressurised liquid extraction (PLE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) under different conditions has been compared for the recovery of the most commonly employed brominated flame retardants (BFRs) from styrenic polymeric Matrixes. A HPLC-MS/MS method has been proposed for the simultaneous separation and quantification of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) diastereomers, and decabromodiphenyl ether (deca-BDE) in the polymeric extracts. PLE results in complete extraction of TBBPA and HBCD (95-100% recovery), and intermediate recovery Fates for deca-BDE (50%). MAE, on the other hand, gives comparable performance to PLE for HBCD, but lower extraction yields for TBBPA and mainly deca-BDE. Ultrasonication, finally, offers relatively low extraction recoveries (10-50%). The proposed analytical procedures could be used for the effective identification and quantification of BFRs in styrenic plastics and for quality purposes in recycling facilities that deal with styrenic fractions from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE).
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| 4. |
- Albertsson, Ann-Christine, et al.
(author)
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Molecular weight changes and polymeric matrix changes correlated with the formation of degradation products in biodegraded polyethylene
- 1999
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In: Journal of environmental polymer degradation. - 1064-7546 .- 1572-8900. ; 64, s. 91-99
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The molecular weight changes in abiotically and biotically degraded LDPE and LDPE modified with starch and/or prooxidant were compared with the formation of degradation products, The samples were thermooxidized for 6 days at 100 degrees C to initiate degradation and then either inoculated with Arthobacter paraffineus or kept sterile. After 3.5 years homologous series of mono- and dicarboxylic acids and ketoacids were identified by GC-MS in abiotic samples, while complete disappearance of these acids was observed in biotic environments. The molecular weights of the biotically aged samples were slightly higher than the molecular weights of the corresponding abiotically aged samples, which is exemplified by the increase in (M) over bar(n) from 5200 g/mol for a sterile sample with the highest amount of prooxidant to 6000 g/mol for the corresponding biodegraded sample. The higher molecular weight in the biotic environment is explained by the assimilation of carboxylic acids and low molecular weight polyethylene chains by microorganisms. Assimilation of the low molecular weight products is further confirmed by the absence of carboxylic acids in the biotic samples. Fewer carbonyls and more double bonds were seen by FTIR in the biodegraded samples, which is in agreement with the biodegradation mechanism of polyethylene.
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| 10. |
- Atari Jabarzadeh, Sevil, et al.
(author)
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Image Analysis Determination of the Influence of Surface Structure of Silicone Rubbers on Biofouling
- 2015
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In: International Journal of Polymer Science. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-9422 .- 1687-9430.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study focuses on how the texture of the silicone rubber material affects the distribution of microbial growth on the surface of materials used for high voltage insulation. The analysis of surface wetting properties showed that the textured surfaces provide higher receding contact angles and therefore lower contact angle hysteresis. The textured surfaces decrease the risk for dry band formation and thus preserve the electrical properties of the material due to a more homogeneous distribution of water on the surface, which, however, promotes the formation of more extensive biofilms. The samples were inoculated with fungal suspension and incubated in a microenvironment chamber simulating authentic conditions in the field. The extent and distribution of microbial growth on the textured and plane surface samples representing the different parts of the insulator housing that is shank and shed were determined by visual inspection and image analysis methods. The results showed that the microbial growth was evenly distributed on the surface of the textured samples but restricted to limited areas on the plane samples. More intensive microbial growth was determined on the textured samples representing sheds. It would therefore be preferable to use the textured surface silicone rubber for the shank of the insulator.
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