| 1. |
- Abreu, P, et al.
(författare)
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b-tagging in DELPHI at LEP
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 32:2, s. 185-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The standard method used for tagging b-hadrons in the DELPHI experiment at the CERN LEP Collider is discussed in detail. The main ingredient of b-tagging is the impact parameters of tracks, which relies mostly on the vertex detector. Additional information, such as the mass of particles associated to a secondary vertex, significantly improves the selection efficiency and the background suppression. The paper describes various discriminating variables used for the tagging and the procedure of their combination. In addition, applications of b-tagging to some physics analyses, which depend crucially on the performance and reliability of b-tagging, are described briefly.
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| 2. |
- Grishin, Michael A., et al.
(författare)
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Electron structure and electron dynamics at InSb(111)2×2 semiconductor surface
- 2003
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Ingår i: Applied Physics A. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0947-8396 .- 1432-0630. ; 76:3, s. 299-302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The conduction band electronic structure and the electron dynamics of the clean InSb(111)2 x 2 surface have been studied by laser based pump-and-probe photoemission. The results are compared to earlier studies of the InSb(110) surface. It is found that both the energy location and the time dependence of the photoexcited structures are very similar for the two surfaces. This indicates that the dominant part of the photoemission signal in the conduction band region is due to excitations of electrons in the bulk region and that the surface electronic states play a minor role. The fast decay of the excited state, tau similar to 12 ps, indicates that diffusion of hot electrons into the bulk is an important mechanism.
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| 3. |
- Carlsson, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Emissionsmodell för tunnlar
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tunnels for road and street traffic become increasingly important for transport provisions, primarily in large cities. Currently, there are in Stockholm and Gothenburg high-volume tunnels in the primary road network. In addition, many new tunnels will soon be finalised or are planned both in Stockholm and Gothenburg. The exhaust emissions in road tunnels may not exceed certain limits. Road tunnels are equipped with ventilation systems to make sure that limits for air quality are not exceeded, primarily emissions of NO2. The ventilation systems are dimensioned using data on maximum expected emissions per unit of time. VTI has obtained a commission from the Swedish National Road Administration (SNRA) to develop a model for calculation of exhaust emissions in tunnels, which in addition shall take into account oversaturated conditions. Currently, SNRA has no satisfactory model for calculations at hourly level. The objective of the development effort has been to formulate a calculation model for travel speeds and emissions in motorway tunnels, to be used when tunnel ventilation systems are dimensioned. For a complete structure, the model shall provide individual tunnel tube emission data for hourly traffic, split upon homogenous - from the viewpoint of traffic engineering - road links and ventilation segments. This report describes the results of the development project for calculation of emissions in tunnels. The completed model comprises two parts, one for calculation of speed and corresponding hourly flow at given demand level and one for calculation of emissions, using hourly flows and speed as input data. For each part, there is a computer program with user manual. Test runs of the model for some basic typical tunnel cases, has been carried out to illustrate the results of the total model. The total emissions of NOx (kg/km) as a function of traffic flow have been calculated for different degree of traffic load. In addition, the model has been validated by comparisons of calculated NOx values from the model with measured NOx values in three different tunnels: the Gnistäng tunnel and the Tingstad tunnel in Gothenburg and the Southern Route tunnel in Stockholm.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Davila, M. E., et al.
(författare)
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Surface phase transitions at metal-semiconductor interfaces : a revisit is needed
- 2004
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Ingår i: Applied Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-4332 .- 1873-5584. ; 234:04-jan, s. 274-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we review some of the most recent progress and understanding in the low temperature surface phase transitions at prototypical metal-semiconductor interfaces. We essentially focus on quantitative surface structural information obtained by using a significant variety of specialised techniques for the individual phases of a model system, namely, tin on Ge(1 1 1) substrates. The strengths and limitations of the structural results obtained by using scanning tunnelling microscopy, photoelectron diffraction and surface X-ray diffraction are discussed in relation to their support with respect to possible mechanisms recently invoked in the literature as being at the origin of the phase transition. These investigations show that a large progress has been made in this field, taking into account the very valuable experimental and theoretical contributions provided by different groups. There remain, however, essential unresolved problems, which will be analysed in the light of the limitations of these structural methods and the difficulty presented by the complex adsorbate systems studied.
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| 6. |
- Eriksson, Ulf G, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacokinetics of melagatran and the effect on ex vivo coagulation time in orthopaedic surgery patients receiving subcutaneous melagatran and oral ximelagatran : a population model analysis
- 2003
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Ingår i: Clinical Pharmacokinetics. - 0312-5963 .- 1179-1926. ; 42:7, s. 687-701
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Ximelagatran, an oral direct thrombin inhibitor, is rapidly bioconverted to melagatran, its active form. The objective of this population analysis was to characterise the pharmacokinetics of melagatran and its effect on activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), an ex vivo measure of coagulation time, in orthopaedic surgery patients sequentially receiving subcutaneous melagatran and oral ximelagatran as prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism. To support the design of a pivotal dose-finding study, the impact of individualised dosage based on bodyweight and calculated creatinine clearance was examined. DESIGN AND METHODS: Pooled data obtained in three small dose-guiding studies were analysed. The patients received twice-daily administration, with either subcutaneous melagatran alone or a sequential regimen of subcutaneous melagatran followed by oral ximelagatran, for 8-11 days starting just before initiation of surgery. Nonlinear mixed-effects modelling was used to evaluate rich data of melagatran pharmacokinetics (3326 observations) and the pharmacodynamic effect on APTT (2319 observations) in samples from 216 patients collected in the three dose-guiding trials. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models were validated using sparse data collected in a subgroup of 319 patients enrolled in the pivotal dose-finding trial. The impact of individualised dosage on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variability was evaluated by simulations of the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model. RESULTS: The pharmacokinetics of melagatran were well described by a one-compartment model with first-order absorption after both subcutaneous melagatran and oral ximelagatran. Melagatran clearance was correlated with renal function, assessed as calculated creatinine clearance. The median population clearance (creatinine clearance 70 mL/min) was 5.3 and 22.9 L/h for the subcutaneous and oral formulations, respectively. The bioavailability of melagatran after oral ximelagatran relative to subcutaneous melagatran was 23%. The volume of distribution was influenced by bodyweight. For a patient with a bodyweight of 75kg, the median population estimates were 15.5 and 159L for the subcutaneous and oral formulations, respectively. The relationship between APTT and melagatran plasma concentration was well described by a power function, with a steeper slope during and early after surgery but no influence by any covariates. Simulations demonstrated that individualised dosage based on creatinine clearance or bodyweight had no clinically relevant impact on the variability in melagatran pharmacokinetics or on the effect on APTT. CONCLUSIONS: The relatively low impact of individualised dosage on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variability of melagatran supported the use of a fixed-dose regimen in the studied population of orthopaedic surgery patients, including those with mild to moderate renal impairment.
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| 7. |
- Grehk, T. M., et al.
(författare)
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Li-induced phase transition from the Ge(111)3X1 : Li surface reconstruction to the Ge(111)root 3X root 3 : Li lithium germanide
- 2000
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 61:7, s. 4963-4967
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have investigated the Li-induced phase transition from the Ge(111)3X1:Li to the Ge(111)root 3X root 3:Li reconstruction with photoemission. The Ge(111)3X1:Li reconstruction can be described as parallel rows of Ge atoms separated by single rows of Li atoms. The Ge(111)root 3X root 3:Li reconstruction, on the other hands, has to be described in terms of a Li-germanide phase extending over at least two atomic layers.
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| 8. |
- Grishin, Michael A., et al.
(författare)
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High performance films of binary system SrTiO3-PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 on sapphire
- 2001
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Ingår i: Integrated Ferroelectrics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1058-4587 .- 1607-8489. ; 39:1-4, s. 351-358
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Continuous series of solid solutions x.SrTiO3-(1-x).PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (SPZT) have been grown by pulsed laser deposition technique onto La0.7Sr0.3CoO3/Al2O3(01 (1) under bar2) single crystal. Films properties have been characterized in Au/SPZT/La0.7Sr0.3CoO3(LSCO)/Al2O3 vertical capacitive cell. X-ray diffraction shows SPZT/LSCO bilayer grows in strict epitaxial relationship with sapphire substrate: (001) SPZT parallel to (001) LSCO parallel to (01 (1) under bar2) Al2O3; [010] SPZT parallel to [010] LSCO parallel to [421] Al2O3. LSCO layer was found to be tensile strained, while SPZT film experiences tetragonal distortions c/a -1 approximate to 0.86% which are much lower than 2.73% in pure PZT ceramics. Curie temperature in SPZT film has been tailored continuously in the explored temperature range 77 K to 400 K by controlling SrTiO3:PZT ratio. Processing parameters have been optimized to get the highest tunability factor K = epsilon'(0) - epsilon'(V)/epsilon'(0) x 1/tandelta . SrTiO3:PZT=83:17 film exhibits superior properties: at I kHz maximum dielectric perinittivity and minimum loss tandelta were found to be 870 and 0.005, respectively; while K-factor exceeds value of 60 in the temperature range 280 to 350 degreesC reaching the maximum value of 64 at 325 degreesC. SPZT films can withstand prolonged pre-breakdown electric field and has resistivity as high as 3.5 10(12) Omega cm at 186 kV/cm.
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| 9. |
- Göthelid, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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An ordered layer of molecular iodine on Ge(100) 2x1
- 2004
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Ingår i: Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-6028 .- 1879-2758. ; 556:03-feb, s. 203-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adsorption of iodine on the Ge(1 0 0) (2 x 1) surface has been investigated by core level and valence band photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning tunnelling microscopy. Iodine binds to dimer atom dangling bonds without disrupting the dimers at all coverages. At saturation a c(2 x 2) ordered layer of molecular iodine develops on top of a (2 x 2) ordered structure of atomic iodine binding to asymmetric Ge-dimers. Annealing destroys the molecular character and etches the surface by Ge dimer bond breaking and attachment of additional iodine to these Ge atoms to form GeI2, which desorbs from the surface.
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| 10. |
- Janin, Emmanuelle, et al.
(författare)
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Adsorption and bonding of propene and 2-butenal on Pt(111)
- 2001
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Ingår i: Surface Science. - 0039-6028 .- 1879-2758. ; 482, s. 83-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The adsorption of propene and 2-butenal on the Pt(1 1 1) surface has been studied by high resolution photoelectron spectroscopy, both in the mono-and multi-layer regime. The results obtained indicate an involvement of both aliphatic and carbonyl groups in the bonding of 2-butenal with the platinum surface in the sub-monolayer regime.
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