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- Maxwell, D J, et al.
(author)
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Synaptic connections of dorsal horn group II spinal interneurons: synapses formed with the interneurons and by their axon collaterals.
- 1997
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In: The Journal of comparative neurology. - 0021-9967. ; 380:1, s. 51-69
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Five dorsal horn interneurons with monosynaptic input from group II primary afferent fibres were physiologically characterized and intracellularly labelled with horseradish peroxidase. The cells were prepared for combined light and electron microscopy, and synaptic arrangements formed by axon collaterals of interneurons and synapses formed with their dendrites and somata were examined with the electron microscope. Immunogold reactions for gamma-aminobutyric acid, glycine and glutamate were performed to determine if these synapses were excitatory or inhibitory. Axon collaterals in lamina VI formed synapses with somata and dendrites of other neurons, and collaterals of one cell also formed axoaxonic synapses. It was concluded that one cell from the sample was inhibitory, whereas the remainder were probably excitatory. Dendrites and cell bodies of interneurons were contacted by several types of synaptic bouton. The first type of bouton displayed immunoreactivity for glutamate, the second type contained both gamma-aminobutyric acid and glycine, the third type contained glycine alone, and the fourth type contained gamma-aminobutyric acid alone. Some large glutamatergic boutons were postsynaptic to other boutons. Presynaptic boutons at these axoaxonic synapses always contained gamma-aminobutyric acid but a minority also contained glycine. The results of this study demonstrate the heterogeneity of dorsal horn group II interneurons and provide evidence that they include inhibitory and probably also excitatory neurons. Boutons originating from several chemically different classes of neuron are responsible for postsynaptic inhibition of these interneurons, and the presence of axoaxonic synapses indicates that their excitatory input is also controlled presynaptically.
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- Ingemarsson, A, et al.
(author)
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Reaction cross sections for 65 MeV protons on targets from Be-9 to Pb-208
- 1999
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In: NUCLEAR PHYSICS A. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0375-9474. ; 653:4, s. 341-354
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Reaction cross sections for 65.5 MeV protons have been measured for Be-9, C-12, O-16, Si-28, Ca-40, Ni-58.60, Sn-112.116.118.120.124, and Pb-208. The results are compared with optical model predictions using relativistic global potentials. (C) 1999 Elsevi
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- Kerr, Margaret, et al.
(author)
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Life course sequelae of childhood shyness in Sweden : comparison with the United States
- 1996
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In: Developmental Psychology. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0012-1649 .- 1939-0599. ; 32:6, s. 1100-1105
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using data from a Swedish longitudinal project, we predicted timing of marriage and parenthood and age-35 career success from mother-rated shyness in 8–10 year old children. Results are compared with those previously found for Americans. Like shy American boys, shy Swedish boys married and became fathers later than nonshy boys. Unlike American boys, Swedish boys' adult careers were not affected by shyness. Like shy American girls, shy Swedish girls later married and became mothers at the same time as their peers. However, they also attained lower levels of education than nonshy girls. Results suggest that the life consequences of shyness depend upon its culturally defined gender and situation appropriateness.
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