| 1. |
- Amole, C., et al.
(author)
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The ALPHA antihydrogen trapping apparatus
- 2014
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In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 735, s. 319-340
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ALPHA collaboration, based at CERN, has recently succeeded in confining cold antihydrogen atoms in a magnetic minimum neutral atom trap and has performed the first study of a resonant transition of the anti-atoms. The ALPHA apparatus will be described herein, with emphasis on the structural aspects, diagnostic methods and techniques that have enabled antihydrogen trapping and experimentation to be achieved.
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| 2. |
- Charlton, M, et al.
(author)
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Antiparticle sources for antihydrogen production and trapping
- 2011
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In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6596. ; 262, s. 012001-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sources of positrons and antiprotons that are currently used for the formation of antihydrogen with low kinetic energies are reviewed, mostly in the context of the ALPHA collaboration and its predecessor ATHENA. The experiments were undertaken at the Antiproton Decelerator facility, which is located at CERN. Operations performed on the clouds of antiparticles to facilitate their mixing to produce antihydrogen are described. These include accumulation, cooling and manipulation. The formation of antihydrogen and some of the characteristics of the anti-atoms that are created are discussed. Prospects for trapping antihydrogen in a magnetic minimum trap, as envisaged by the ALPHA collaboration, are reviewed.
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| 3. |
- Kos, K., et al.
(author)
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In humans the adiponectin receptor R2 is expressed predominantly in adipose tissue and linked to the adipose tissue expression of MMIF-1
- 2010
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In: DIABETES OBESITY AND METABOLISM. - 1462-8902. ; 12:4, s. 360-363
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study, the regional adipose tissue-adiponectin (AT-ADN) and adiponectin receptor (R1 and R2) expression and their relation with metabolic parameters, circulating and AT-derived cytokine expressions were compared. Paired subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were taken from 18 lean and 39 obese humans, AT-mRNA expression of adipokines analysed by RT-PCR and corresponding serum levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). R1 and R2 adipocyte expression was compared with 17 other human tissues. ADN-gene expression was lower in VAT than SCAT [mean (SD) 1.54 (1.1) vs. 2.84 (0.87); p < 0.001], and lower in obese subjects (VAT : p = 0.01;SCAT : p < 0.001). SCAT-ADN correlated positively with serum ADN (r = 0.33;p = 0.036) but not VAT-ADN. AT expressions of ADN and macrophage migration inhibiting factor (MMIF), IL18 and cluster of differentiation factor 14 (CD14) in both depots showed inverse correlations. R1 and R2 were expressed ubiquitously and R2 highest in SCAT, and this is much higher (×100) than R1 (×100). R expression was similar in lean and obese subjects and unrelated to the metabolic syndrome, however, receptors correlated with VAT-MMIF (R 1: r = 0.4;p = 0.008;R 2: r = 0.35,p = 0.02) and SCAT-MMIF expression (R 2: r = 0.43;p = 0.004). Unlike ADN, its receptors are expressed in many human tissues. Human R2 expression is not highest in the liver but in AT where it is associated with MMIF expression. The adiponectin-dependent insulin-sensitizing action of thiazolidinediones is thus probably to differ amongst species with weaker effects on the human liver.
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