| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Smith, D. L., et al.
(författare)
-
Lifetime measurements of the negative-parity 7(-) and 8(-) states in Cd-122
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 77:1, s. 014309-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Advanced Time-Delayed beta gamma gamma(t) method was used to measure lifetimes of selected high-spin states in Cd-122 populated from beta(-) decay of the J(pi)=(9(-)) isomer in Ag-122. From the gamma gamma coincidences, a new energy level was established at 2616.6 keV with a suggested spin-parity assignment of 8(-). Lifetimes were determined for the high-spin states at 2616.6 and 2502.7 keV as T-1/2=1.35(29) ns and 0.24(6) ns, respectively. The transition rates for gamma rays de-exciting the 7(-) states in the N=74 isotones of Cd-122, Sn-124, and Te-126 were found to be very similar.
|
|
| 3. |
- Halitschke, Rayko, et al.
(författare)
-
Shared signals -'alarm calls' from plants increase apparency to herbivores and their enemies in nature.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Ecology letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-0248 .- 1461-023X. ; 11:1, s. 24-34
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The attraction of natural enemies of herbivores by volatile organic compounds as an induced indirect defence has been studied in several plant systems. The evidence for their defensive function originates mainly from laboratory studies with trained parasitoids and predators; the defensive function of these emissions for plants in natural settings has been rarely demonstrated. In native populations and laboratory Y-tube choice experiments with transgenic Nicotiana attenuata plants unable to release particular volatiles, we demonstrate that predatory bugs use terpenoids and green leaf volatiles (GLVs) to locate their prey on herbivore-attacked plants. By attracting predators with volatile signals, this native plant reduces its herbivore load - demonstrating the defensive function of herbivore-induced volatile emissions. However, plants producing GLVs are also damaged more by flea beetles. The implications of these conflicting ecological effects for the evolution of induced volatile emissions and for the development of sustainable agricultural practices are discussed.
|
|
| 4. |
- Haughney, J, et al.
(författare)
-
Exacerbations of COPD: quantifying the patient's perspective using discrete choice modelling
- 2005
-
Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 1399-3003 .- 0903-1936. ; 26:4, s. 623-629
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patient-centred care is the current vogue in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but it is only recently that robust techniques have become available to determine patients' values and preferences. In this international cross-sectional study, patients' concerns and expectations regarding COPD exacerbations were explored using discrete choice modelling. A fractional factorial design was used to develop scenarios comprising a combination of levels for nine different attributes. In face-to-face interviews, patients were presented with paired scenarios and asked to choose the least preferable. Multinomial logit (with hierarchical Bayes) methods were used to estimate utilities. A total of 125 patients (82 males; mean age 66 yrs; 4.6 mean exacerbations(.)yr(-1)) were recruited. The attributes of exacerbations considered most important were impact on everyday life (20%) need for medical care (16%), number of future attacks (12%) and breathlessness (11 %). The next most important attributes were speed of recovery, productive cough and social impact (all 9%), followed by sleep disturbance and impact on mood (both 7%). Importantly, analysis of utility shifts showed that patients most feared being hospitalised, housebound or bedridden. These issues were more important than symptom improvement. Strategies for the clinical management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease should clearly address patients' concerns and focus on preventing and treating exacerbations to avoid these feared outcomes.
|
|
