| 1. |
- Hebig, Regina, et al.
(författare)
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Approaches to Co-Evolution of Metamodels and Models: A Survey
- 2017
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. - 0098-5589 .- 1939-3520. ; 43:5, s. 396-414
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modeling languages, just as all software artifacts, evolve. This poses the risk that legacy models of a company get lost, when they become incompatible with the new language version. To address this risk, a multitude of approaches for metamodel-model co-evolution were proposed in the last 10 years. However, the high number of solutions makes it difficult for practitioners to choose an appropriate approach. In this paper, we present a survey on 31 approaches to support metamodel-model co-evolution. We introduce a taxonomy of solution techniques and classify the existing approaches. To support researchers, we discuss the state of the art, in order to better identify open issues. Furthermore, we use the results to provide a decision support for practitioners, who aim to adopt solutions from research.
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| 2. |
- Hebig, Regina, et al.
(författare)
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Surveying the Corpus of Model Resolution Strategies for Metamodel Evolution
- 2015
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Ingår i: 22nd Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference, APSEC 2015; Holiday Inn Hotel at International AirportNew Delhi; India; 1 December 2015 through 4 December 2015. - 1530-1362. - 9781467396448 ; , s. 135-142
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modeling languages evolve regularly. Companies need to maintain all those models that are used in running projects, which can cause these projects to fall back in their schedules. Since 10 years research addresses this issue with approaches for automating co-evolution. The dominant core of these approaches are model resolution strategies. They define 1) how models have to be changed in reaction to specific metamodel changes, 2) what degree of automation can be reached, and 3) to what extent the user can control the resolution outcome. In this paper, we survey existing co-evolution approaches and analyze model resolution strategies. We present a corpus of more than 200 resolution strategies for 116 types of metamodel changes and discuss degree of automation and choices that users have today.
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| 3. |
- Khelladi, Djamel Eddine, et al.
(författare)
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A semi-automatic maintenance and co-evolution of OCL constraints with (meta)model evolution
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 0164-1212. ; 134, s. 242-260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Metamodels are core components of modeling languages to define structural aspects of a business domain. As a complement, OCL constraints are used to specify detailed aspects of the business domain, e.g. more than 750 constraints come with the UML metamodel. As the metamodel evolves, its OCL constraints may need to be co-evolved too. Our systematic analysis shows that semantically different resolutions can be applied depending not only on the metamodel changes, but also on the user intent and on the structure of the impacted constraints. In this paper, we first investigate the syntactical reasons that lead to apply different resolutions. We then propose a co-evolution approach that offers alternative resolutions while allowing the user to choose the best applicable one. We evaluated our approach on six case studies of metamodel evolution and their OCL constraints co-evolution. The results show the usefulness of alternative resolutions along with user decision to cope with real co-evolution scenarios. Within our six case studies our approach led to an average of 92% (syntactically) and 93% (semantically) matching co-evolution w.r.t. the user intent.
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| 4. |
- Khelladi, Djamel Eddine, et al.
(författare)
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Coadapting multidimension process properties
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Software: Evolution and Process, 29 (11). - : Wiley. - 2047-7481 .- 2047-7473.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. In the last decades, process verification has been intensively addressed and has become an essential activity to correct and to remove errors before process execution. Typical process verification ecosystems propose to express properties to be verified on the process. A property expresses a desired behavior that must hold or not in the process execution. Processes during their lifespan are continuously adapted for several purposes: enriching, correcting, and refactoring the process. When a process is adapted, the existing properties must naturally be rechecked to ensure that no errors have been introduced, ie, the properties still hold. However, the properties may become outdated and must be coadapted w.r.t. the adapted process before to be rechecked. Otherwise, the verification may raise false alarms or may not detect newly introduced errors. In this paper, we propose a coadaptation approach of properties while considering process adaptation for the different dimensions, namely, control flow, object flow, resources, and timing. We systematically studied process changes in the multiple dimensions to identify those that do impact properties and for which we propose resolution strategies. Our preliminary evaluation shows that our resolutions strategies allow to support users in correctly coadapting impacted properties.
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| 5. |
- Khelladi, Djamel Eddine, et al.
(författare)
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Detecting complex changes and refactorings during (Meta)model evolution
- 2016
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Ingår i: Elsevier - Information Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4379. ; 62, s. 220-241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evolution of metamodels can be represented at the finest grain by the trace of atomic changes such as add, delete, and update of elements. For many applications, like automatic correction of models when the metamodel evolves, a higher grained trace must be inferred, composed of complex changes, each one aggregating several atomic changes. Complex change detection is a challenging task since multiple sequences of atomic changes may define a single user intention and complex changes may overlap over the atomic change trace. In this paper, we propose a detection engine of complex changes that simultaneously addresses these two challenges of variability and overlap. We introduce three ranking heuristics to help users to decide which overlapping complex changes are likely to be correct. In our approach, we record the trace of atomic changes rather than computing them with the difference between the original and evolved metamodel. Thus, we have a complete and an ordered sequence of atomic changes without hidden changes. Furthermore, we consider the issue of undo operations (i.e. change canceling actions) while recording the sequence of atomic changes, and we illustrate how we cope with it. We validate our approach on 8 real case studies demonstrating its feasibility and its applicability. We observe that a full recall is always reached in all case studies and an average precision of 70.75%. The precision is improved by the heuristics up to 91% and 100% in some cases.
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| 6. |
- Khelladi, Djamel Eddine, et al.
(författare)
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Metamodel and constraints co-evolution: A semi automatic maintenance of ocl constraints
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Conference on Software Reuse. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 0302-9743 .- 1611-3349. - 9783319351216 ; 9679, s. 333-349
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metamodels are core components of modeling languages to define structural aspects of a business domain. As a complement, OCL constraints are used to specify detailed aspects of the business domain, e.g. more than 750 constraints come with the UML metamodel. As the metamodel evolves, its OCL constraints may need to be co-evolved too. Our systematic analysis shows that semantically different resolutions can be applied depending not only on the metamodel changes, but also on the user intent and on the structure of the impacted constraints. In this paper, we investigate the reasons that lead to apply different resolutions. We then propose a co-evolution approach that offers alternative resolutions while allowing the user to choose the best applicable one. We evaluated our approach on the evolution of the UML case study. The results confirm the need of alternative resolutions along with user decision to cope with real co-evolution scenarios. The results show that our approach reaches 80 % of semantically correct co-evolution
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| 7. |
- Khelladi, Djamel Eddine, et al.
(författare)
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Supporting the Co-adaption of Process Properties
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Software and Systems Process (ICSSP). - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450341882
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Process verification has become an essential activity to correct and to remove errors before process execution. Typical process verification ecosystems propose to express properties to be verified on the process. When a process is adapted, the existing properties must naturally be re-checked to ensure that no errors have been introduced. However, the properties may become outdated and must be co-adapted w.r.t. the adapted process before to be re-checked. Otherwise, the verification may raise false alarms or may not detect newly introduced errors. In this paper, we propose a co-adaptation approach for control-flow process properties. We systematically studied control-flow process changes to identify those that do impact properties, and for which we propose resolution strategies. Our preliminary evaluation shows that our resolutions strategies allow to support users in correctly co-adapting impacted properties.
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