| 1. |
- Amann, Daniel, Doktorand, et al.
(författare)
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Affordability Aspects in the Development of Defence Equipment : Case Studies of Concept Generation in the Defence Industry
- 2021
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Ingår i: Defence and Peace Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1024-2694 .- 1476-8267. ; 32:7, s. 847-863
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cost escalation for many complex defence equipment is arguably not sustainable. Customer driven requirements have led to an exponential increase in costs by pushing frontiers of technology to support primarily incremental improvements of traditional equipment concepts. Accordingly, affordability has become a more discussed subject indefence acquisition. This paper addresses the process of generating complex defence equipment concepts. The purpose is to explore how affordability is managed in that process and to identify possible leads to how an unsustainable cost escalation for this type of equipment can be curbed. This is done by studying two cases of concept generation of future combat air equipment systems from a company process perspective. This applied micro perspective on cost escalation showed that none of the concepts generated in these two cases were assessed to curb the cost escalation. Further, the innovation model for the generated concepts, with only one notable exception, was incremental. Nevertheless, the empirical observations from these two cases offer leads on how to potentially foster a more innovative and affordability-oriented concept generation process for future defence equipment, as well as indicating avenues for future research.
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| 2. |
- Amann, Daniel, 1967-
(författare)
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Exploring affordability in concept generation for complex defence products
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- National defence budgets face pressure from intergenerational escalating costs for complex defence products, such as fighter aircraft and submarines. These escalating costs originate from ever-increasing performance requirements due to the competitive nature of warfare. In combat, only winning is good enough. Therefore, the products’ performance is considered crucial for gaining an edge over an opponent. As the continuous development of ever-costlier complex defence products is not sustainable, it is high time for a path change towards affordability, meaning less costly products without any compromises in terms of operational requirements. However, the fact that this cost escalation has long been recognised as unsustainable indicates that a path change towards affordability will not be easy to achieve. Such a path change will likely require radical changes in product concepts – even though costs might be reduced in other ways, product concepts are believed to have the greatest potential. In accordance with this assumption, this thesis suggest that the phenomenon of continuous generation of ever-costlier complex defence concepts is ultimately sealed in the front end of innovation, where opportunities are identified and product concepts are defined. Accordingly, this thesis aims to explore how firms and customers can influence activities in the front end of innovation in order to successfully manage the affordability of complex defence products. This aim is approached through phenomenon-driven research performed in a set of four concatenated studies, represented by five papers. By letting successive studies be informed by preceding studies, new knowledge and theory are added to this under-researched topic. Empirically, several factors and aspects influencing the front end of innovation are identified as potential barriers to or enablers of path changes towards affordability. In addition, different measures that companies and customers can adopt to support such path changes are proposed. The thesis contributes to extant theory by providing a definition of affordability adapted to complex defence products, and by contrasting affordability with established concepts and methods aimed at making products less costly. Furthermore, benefits and deficiencies in the industry’s handling of concept generation for complex defence products are highlighted from an affordability perspective, and the influence of specific characteristics on path changes towards affordability in relation to complex defence equipment is described and discussed. Finally, conditions supporting affordability related to opportunities, knowledge and motivations are described, and the benefits of providing those generating complex capability-oriented concepts with cost-related information are demonstrated.In addition to these contributions to theory, this thesis has several implications for the practice of companies and governmental customers. It highlights measures that these two sets of actors can take to shape conditions and, thereby, influence key activities in the front end of innovation to generate complex defence-product concepts that meet affordability criteria. These suggested measures constitute an embryo of an explicit approach to affordability management.
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| 3. |
- Amann, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Inducing Affordability?: Observations From An Experimental Study Of Concept Generation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 22th CINet conference, September 12 – 14, Gothenburg, Sweden. - Enschede. - 9789077360248
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early preliminary concepts are claimed to have a profound impact on the final product. Since these concepts often are based on intuitive judgements, it is important that these judgements are appropriate for the desired outcome. Intuition is derived from what one brings to mind, and consequently, the access to information is important for making relevant judgements. Therefore, when a departure from a present path of development is sought for, access to new information is likely to be required. Results from an experimental study, addressing affordability and concept generation, indicated that individuals were influenced, by the provision of selective information, to make more cost considerations and even to change approach when generating new concepts. It was further recognized that weak abilities to estimate costs in a lifecycle and capability perspective likely hampered low-cost ambitions. The findings from this study are suggested to contribute to theory on product development, and to support affordability when new products are developed.
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| 4. |
- Amann, Daniel, Doktorand, et al.
(författare)
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Managing affordability in concept development of complex product systems (CoPS)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Technology Analysis & Strategic Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0953-7325 .- 1465-3990. ; 35:1, s. 93-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study originates in a recognised unsustainable cost escalation for complex defence equipment. In order to understand how such cost escalation for complex product systems (CoPS) can be avoided, this study comparatively explores four different industrial sectors - energy, transportation, healthcare and defence - with and without intergenerational increasing costs, represented by four international companies. The results, collected from studying the development of one of each company’s products, reveal some characteristic differences in market factors between those sectors and companies having problems with intergenerational escalating costs and customer affordability, as compared to other sectors and companies. It is suggested that dependent on market characteristics, it might be necessary to actively manage affordability when CoPS are developed. Efforts made by the companies to make products more affordable were identified, and several factors enabling and disabling the development of less costly products without compromising customer needs were explored. Further, the implications of affordability management in a CoPS setting are elaborated on.
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| 5. |
- Hyland, Joanne, et al.
(författare)
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Changing the synamics and impact of innovation management : A systems approach and the iso standard
- 2022
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The ISO Innovation Management System (IMS) Standard (ISO 56002) provides a much needed and well-timed input to the innovation management discipline. While research efforts within the domain of innovation management have vastly increased over the past decades, research has primarily been conducted through specific contributions to distinct areas of innovation management (e.g., top management, culture, processes), lacking a more holistic perspective. Practitioners know that managing innovation is challenging. Bringing in a globally recognised standard that offers a holistic perspective will be key in professionalising the innovation management discipline, much like quality management and project management standards have done in the past.
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| 6. |
- Hyland, Joanne, et al.
(författare)
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Chapter 22. Conclusions and Path Forward
- 2022
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Ingår i: Changing the Dynamics and Impact of Innovation Management. - : World Scientific. - 9781800612099 ; , s. 371-388
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Hyland, Joanne, et al.
(författare)
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Conclusions and path forward
- 2022
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Ingår i: Changing The Dynamics And Impact Of Innovation Management: A Systems Approach And The Iso Standard. - : World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd. ; , s. 371-388
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this chapter, the editorial team looks across the cases and the emerging themes to offer insights about the standard and its implications for the innovation management community and the future of the innovation management discipline. For practitioners, the case is made for a call to action to rally around the benefits of the standard as a foundation for dynamic innovation capability and innovation community building that will stand the test of time. For academic educators and researchers, it is teaching about open, connected innovation models that go beyond internally focused ones and understanding through research the system element interdependencies and how these elements can be adapted in different organisational contexts. For standard developers, a key issue is to ensure that a core innovation management system can handle the variations and complexities of different organisations and types of innovations. For professional associations, it is about continuing to build the identity of the profession and supporting professionals to strengthen the innovation management discipline in organisations. For policymakers, it starts with understanding where the standard could have policy relevance and broadening the range of innovation policy instruments available. Finally, it is about imagining a future where in 10 years innovation management is a well-recognised discipline and profession, with systemic and systematic approaches that accelerate learning to realise value more quickly for a better world.
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| 8. |
- Kihlander, Ingrid, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Building Innovation Management Support at a University Hospital
- 2023
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Ingår i: Healthcare Innovation - Shaping Future Models of Delivery. - : World Scientific. ; , s. 49-82
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter provides an illustration of how the support for innovation workhas been developed at Karolinska University Hospital. Karolinska is a largeuniversity hospital in Sweden that provides highly specialised healthcaretogether with research and education. The chapter presents a ‘journey’ spanningthe period 2011–2020 whose overall goal was to support innovation efforts at thehospital. During that time, different initiatives to achieve the goal were launched.These included establishing expertise in forming and leading innovationpartnerships; developing a portfolio of educational programmes for clinicalstaff regarding innovation management; utilising the opportunity to certify thehospital’s innovation management professionals; engaging in the developmentof ISO standards for innovation management; and designing and implementinga hospital-wide innovation management system. This journey is then reflectedupon, and the specific issues of adapting innovation management to a healthcarecontext and developing innovation management support in a hospital setting arediscussed. This all serves as input for how to address innovation management aswell as for future models of healthcare delivery.
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| 9. |
- Kihlander, Ingrid, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Certification of Innovation Management Professionals: Reasons for and Results from Acquiring Certification
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Innovation Management. - : University of Porto. - 2183-0606. ; 10:1, s. 58-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses how personal certification in innovation management can contribute to the ongoing professionalisation within the innovation management discipline. The empirical study focused a project in Sweden initiated to develop qualification, specifically personal certification, of innovation management professionals. The project resulted in a certification process and a first batch of certified innovation management professionals. The study aimed to capture the individuals’ reasons for, as well as results and effects from, choosing to acquire a voluntary personal certification within innovation management. A wide range of reasons for taking the certifications was reported such as willingness to learn more; willingness to formalise innovation management competence; a wish to clarify roles, but also to promote the discipline itself. Certification was apprehended as a trustworthy format to achieve this. Identified effects were establishment of a common language, increased visibility of individuals, and innovation management professionals to feel more confident in their jobs.
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| 10. |
- Kihlander, Ingrid, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Certificication as an Innovation Management Professional - the new normal?
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within the area of innovation management, an increase of new job roles, and development of standards and certifications, signals an ongoing professionalization. This paper shares findings from studying the emerging phenomenon of personal certification as innovation management professionals (IMP). The study aimed to investigate motivational factors related to entering (or not entering) a process of IMP certification, as well as perceived impact and effects on innovation management quality and practice from such certification. The study was conducted through interviews, including a comparative element interviewing both certified IMPs and non-certified IMPs. Both intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors for IMP certification were identified, but also amotivation related to not favouring standardization. Several examples of effects from IMP certification were reported, where the most significant was revolving around the IMP being more self-confident, based on both external validation and knowledge enhancement.
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