| 1. |
- Birney, Ewan, et al.
(författare)
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Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 447:7146, s. 799-816
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the generation and analysis of functional data from multiple, diverse experiments performed on a targeted 1% of the human genome as part of the pilot phase of the ENCODE Project. These data have been further integrated and augmented by a number of evolutionary and computational analyses. Together, our results advance the collective knowledge about human genome function in several major areas. First, our studies provide convincing evidence that the genome is pervasively transcribed, such that the majority of its bases can be found in primary transcripts, including non-protein-coding transcripts, and those that extensively overlap one another. Second, systematic examination of transcriptional regulation has yielded new understanding about transcription start sites, including their relationship to specific regulatory sequences and features of chromatin accessibility and histone modification. Third, a more sophisticated view of chromatin structure has emerged, including its inter-relationship with DNA replication and transcriptional regulation. Finally, integration of these new sources of information, in particular with respect to mammalian evolution based on inter- and intra-species sequence comparisons, has yielded new mechanistic and evolutionary insights concerning the functional landscape of the human genome. Together, these studies are defining a path for pursuit of a more comprehensive characterization of human genome function.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Kim, B-M., et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of Stratospheric Precursor for the Cold Surge Event using Potential Vorticity Inversion Technique
- 2009
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Ingår i: Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences. - 1976-7633. ; 45:4, s. 513-522
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The downward influence of stratospheric potential vorticity (PV) on the cold surge occurrence over East Asia was examined. Strong negative PV anomalies in the upper stratosphere and the rising of geopotential height in the upper troposphere about one week ahead of the cold surge occurrence were suggested as precursory perturbations triggering the development of the cold surge, which is dynamically validated by the piecewise potential vorticity inversion technique. When the inversion is applied to the stratospheric PV anomalies, geopotential and temperature anomalies balanced to the stratospheric PV were remarkably well reproduced in both amplitude and penetrating depth as in the observations. Although the PV anomalies are mostly confined to the stratosphere, our results confirm that its downward influences are sufficiently strong such that associated tropospheric anomalies with the stratospheric PV are capable of triggering the cold surge occurrence within the given mechanism.
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| 4. |
- HO, CH, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation on tropical cyclone tracks in the western North Pacific
- 2009
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Ingår i: GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS. - 0094-8276. ; 36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The possible influence of the stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) on tropical cyclone (TC) passages in the western North Pacific (WNP) is examined using TC data recorded by the Tokyo Typhoon Center and the QBO index derived from reanalysis data. The influence is observed to be significant. The number of TCs approaching the East China Sea is large during the westerly phase of the QBO; however, during the easterly phase, the number of TCs approaching the eastern offshore of Japan is large. This difference in the TC tracks is found to be related to the background flow change associated with the QBO. However, the total number of TC events over the WNP and the sum of the number of TCs approaching the aforementioned two regions appear to be unrelated to the QBO phases. Citation: Ho, C.-H., H.- S. Kim, J.- H. Jeong, and S.-W. Son (2009), Influence of stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation on tropical cyclone tracks in the western North Pacific, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L06702, doi:10.1029/2009GL037163.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- JEONG, SJ, et al.
(författare)
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Reduction of spring warming over East Asia associated with vegetation feedback
- 2009
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Ingår i: GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS. - 0094-8276. ; 36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over East Asia, surface air temperature displays a significant increasing trend particularly in early months of the year for the period of 1982-2000. Warming per decade is strongest in late winter, 1.5 degrees C in February and 1.1 degrees C in March, but is significantly reduced in spring, 0.4 degrees C in April and 0.1 degrees C in May. During the analysis period, the reduced temperature increase from late winter to spring is found to be in contrast with the increased vegetation greenness derived from the satellite-measured leaf area index over the domain. We examined this inverse relationship using two climate model experiments-coupled with and without a dynamic vegetation model. In both experiments, strong warming in winter is relatively well reproduced, but weak warming in spring is observed only in the coupled experiment. Analysis of the surface energy budget indicates that weaker spring warming results from an evaporative cooling effect due to the increased vegetation greenness. Over East Asia, the vegetation-evaporation feedback, therefore, may produce seasonal asymmetry in the warming trend. Citation: Jeong, S.-J., C.-H. Ho, K.-Y. Kim, and J.-H. Jeong (2009), Reduction of spring warming over East Asia associated with vegetation feedback, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L18705, doi: 10.1029/2009GL039114.
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| 7. |
- Kang, Jinho, et al.
(författare)
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Application of a 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics approach combined with orthogonal projections to latent structure-discriminant analysis as an efficient tool for discriminating between Korean and Chinese herbal medicines
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - Washington : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 56:24, s. 11589-11595
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Correct identification of the origins of herbal medical products is becoming increasingly important in tandem with the growing interest in alternative medicine. However, visual inspection of raw material is still the most widely used method, and newer scientific approaches are needed. To develop a more objective and efficient tool for discriminating herbal origins, particularly Korean and Chinese, we employed a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics approach combined with an orthogonal projections to latent structure-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) multivariate analysis. We first analyzed the constituent metabolites of Scutellaria baicalensis through NMR studies. Subsequent holistic data analysis with OPLS-DA yielded a statistical model that could cleanly discriminate between the sample groups even in the presence of large structured noise. An analysis of the statistical total correlation spectroscopy (STOCSY) spectrum identified citric acid and arginine as the key discriminating metabolites for Korean and Chinese samples. As a validation of the discrimination model, we performed blind prediction tests of sample origins using an external test set. Our model correctly predicted the origins of all of the 11 test samples, demonstrating its robustness. We tested the wider applicability of the developed method with three additional herbal medicines from Korea and China and obtained very high prediction accuracy. The solid discriminatory power and statistical validity of our method suggest its general applicability for determining the origins of herbal medicines.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Lee, Sang Hoon, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Statistical properties of sampled networks
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physical Review E. Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics. - 1063-651X .- 1095-3787. ; 73:016102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the statistical properties of the sampled scale-free networks, deeply related to the proper identification of various real-world networks. We exploit three methods of sampling and investigate the topological properties such as degree and betweenness centrality distribution, average path length, assortativity, and clustering coefficient of sampled networks compared with those of original networks. It is found that the quantities related to those properties in sampled networks appear to be estimated quite differently for each sampling method. We explain why such a biased estimation of quantities would emerge from the sampling procedure and give appropriate criteria for each sampling method to prevent the quantities from being overestimated or underestimated.
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| 10. |
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