| 1. |
- Kattih, Mafaz, et al.
(författare)
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National prevalence of atopic dermatitis in Korean adolescents from 2009 to 2022
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2045-2322. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have examined the prevalence of allergic diseases in adolescents 1-2 years after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, more data is needed to understand the long-term impact of COVID-19 on allergic diseases. Thus, we aimed to examine the trend of the atopic dermatitis prevalence in Korean adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic across 14 years. Additionally, we analyze the risk factors of atopic dermatitis (AD) based on the results. The Korean Disease Control and Prevention Agency conducted the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey from 2009 to 2022, from which the data for this study were obtained. Prevalence trends were compared across subgroups, and the beta difference (beta diff) was calculated. We computed odds ratios to examine changes in the disease prevalence before and during the pandemic. This study included a total of 917,461 participants from 2009 to 2022. The prevalence of atopic dermatitis increased from 6.79% (95% CI 6.66-6.91) in 2009-2011 to 6.89% (95% CI 6.72-7.05) in 2018-2019, then decreased slightly to 5.82% (95% CI 5.60-6.04) in 2022. Across the 14 years, middle school student status, low parent's highest education level, low household income, non-alcohol consumption, non-smoker smoking status, no suicidal thoughts, and no suicide attempts were associated with increased risk of atopic dermatitis, while female sex, rural residence, high BMI, low school performance, low household income, and no feelings of sadness and despair was associated with a small increase. This study examined the prevalence of atopic dermatitis across an 18-year, and found that the prevalence increased in the pre-pandemic then decreased during the start of the pandemic and remained constant throughout the pandemic. This trend could be explained mainly by the large scale social and political changes that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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| 2. |
- Hahn, Jong Woo, et al.
(författare)
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Global incidence and prevalence of autoimmune hepatitis, 1970-2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: eClinicalMedicine. - : ELSEVIER. - 2589-5370. ; 65
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) varies significantly in incidence and prevalence across countries and regions. We aimed to examine global, regional, and national trends in incidence and prevalence of AIH from 1970 to 2022.Methods We conducted a thorough search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases from database inception to August 9, 2023, using the search term "autoimmune hepatitis" in combination with "incidence," "prevalence," or "trend." Only general population-based observational studies with larger samples sizes were considered for inclusion. Studies that recruited convenience samples, and those with fewer than 50 participants were excluded. Summary data were extracted from published reports. A random effects model was used and pooled estimates with 95% CI were used to calculate the incidence and prevalence of AIH. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I-2 statistic. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42023430138. Findings A total of 37 eligible studies, encompassing more than 239 million participants and 55,839 patients with AIH from 18 countries across five continents, were included in the analysis. Global pooled incidence and prevalence of AIH were found to be 1.28 cases per 100,000 inhabitant-years (95% CI, 1.01-1.63, I-2 = 99<middle dot>51%; number of studies, 33; sample population, 220,673,674) and 15.65 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (95% CI, 13.42-18.24, I-2 = 99<middle dot>75%; number of studies, 26; sample population, 217,178,684), respectively. The incidence of AIH was greater in countries with high Human Development Index (>0.92), in North America and Oceania (compared with Asia), among females, adults (compared with children), and high latitude (>45 degrees). Similar patterns in AIH prevalence were observed. Pooled AIH prevalence increased gradually from 1970 to 2019 (1970-1999; 9.95 [4.77-15.13], I-2 = 95<middle dot>58% versus 2015-2022; 27.91 [24.86-30.96], I-2 = 99<middle dot>32%; cases per 100,000 inhabitants). The overall incidence and prevalence of AIH, as well as some subgroup analyses of the studies, displayed asymmetry in the funnel plots, suggesting potential evidence of publication bias.Interpretation AIH incidence and prevalence have increased significantly and exhibit substantial variation across regions worldwide. Further research is required to assess the incidence and prevalence of AIH, specifically in South America and Africa.
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| 3. |
- Kang, Jiseung, et al.
(författare)
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Effects and safety of transcranial direct current stimulation on multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review of randomized clinical trials
- 2024
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Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : SPRINGERNATURE. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), which delivers a direct current to the brain, emerged as a non-invasive potential therapeutic in treating a range of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. However, a comprehensive quantitative evidence synthesis on the effects of tDCS on a broad range of mental illnesses is lacking. Here, we systematically assess the certainty of the effects and safety of tDCS on several health outcomes using an umbrella review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The methodological quality of each included original meta-analysis was assessed by the A Measurement Tool for Assessing Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR2), and the certainty of the evidence for each effect was evaluated with Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). We followed an a priori protocol (PROSPERO CRD42023458700). We identified 15 meta-analyses of RCTs (AMSTAR 2; high 3, moderate 3, and low 9) that included 282 original articles, covering 22 unique health endpoints across 22 countries and six continents. From meta-analyses of RCTs supported by very low to high certainty of evidence, it was found that tDCS improved symptoms related to post-stroke, including post-stroke depression scale score (equivalent standardized mean difference [eSMD], 1.61 [95% confidence level, 0.72-2.50]; GRADE=moderate), activities of daily living independence (7.04 [3.41-10.67]; GRADE=high), motor recovery of upper and lower extremity (upper extremity: 0.15 [0.06-0.24], GRADE=high; lower extremity: 0.10 [0.03-0.16], GRADE=high), swallowing performance (GRADE=low), and spasticity (GRADE=moderate). In addition, tDCS had treatment effects on symptoms of several neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (0.81 [0.44-1.18]; GRADE=high), pain in fibromyalgia (GRADE=low), disease of consciousness (GRADE=low), insight score (GRADE=moderate) and working memory (0.34 [0.01-0.67]; GRADE=high) in schizophrenia, migraine-related pain (-1.52 [-2.91 to -0.13]; GRADE=high), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (reduction in overall symptom severity: 0.24 [0.04-0.45], GRADE=low; reduction in inattention: 0.56 [0.02-1.11], GRADE=low; reduction in impulsivity: 0.28 [0.04-0.51], GRADE=low), depression (GRADE=low), cerebellar ataxia (GRADE=low), and pain (GRADE=very low). Importantly, tDCS induced an increased number of reported cases of treatment-emergent mania or hypomania (0.88 [0.62-1.13]; GRADE=moderate). We found varied levels of evidence for the effects of tDCS with multiple neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions, from very low to high certainty of evidence. tDCS was effective for people with stroke, obsessive-compulsive disorder, fibromyalgia, disease of consciousness, schizophrenia, migraine, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, depression, cerebellar ataxia, and pain. Therefore, these findings suggest the benefit of tDCS for several neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders; however, further studies are needed to understand the underlying mechanism and optimize its therapeutic potential.
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| 4. |
- Kang, Jiseung, et al.
(författare)
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Prenatal opioid exposure and subsequent risk of neuropsychiatric disorders in children: nationwide birth cohort study in South Korea
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMJ. British Medical Journal. - : BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP. - 0959-8146 .- 0959-535X. ; 385
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential association between prenatal opioid exposure and the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders in children. DESIGN Nationwide birth cohort study. SETTING From 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2020, birth cohort data of pregnant women in South Korea linked to their liveborn infants from the National Health Insurance Service of South Korea were collected. PARTICIPANTS All 3 251 594 infants (paired mothers, n=2 369 322; age 32.1 years (standard deviation 4.2)) in South Korea from the start of 2010 to the end of 2017, with follow-up from the date of birth until the date of death or 31 December 2020, were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disorders in liveborn infants with mental and behaviour disorders (International Classification of Diseases 10th edition codes F00-99). Follow-up continued until the first diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disorder, 31 December 2020 (end of the study period), or the date of death, whichever occurred first. Eight cohorts were created: three cohorts (full unmatched, propensity score matched, and child screening cohorts) were formed, all of which were paired with sibling comparison cohorts, in addition to two more propensity score groups. Multiple subgroup analyses were performed. RESULTS Of the 3 128 571 infants included (from 2 299 664 mothers), we identified 2 912 559 (51.3% male, 48.7% female) infants with no prenatal opioid exposure and 216 012 (51.2% male, 48.8% female) infants with prenatal opioid exposure. The risk of neuropsychiatric disorders in the child with prenatal opioid exposure was 1.07 (95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.10) for fully adjusted hazard ratio in the matched cohort, but no significant association was noted in the sibling comparison cohort (hazard ratio 1.00 (0.93 to 1.07)). Prenatal opioid exposure during the first trimester (1.11 (1.07 to 1.15)), higher opioid doses (1.15 (1.09 to 1.21)), and long term opioid use of 60 days or more (1.95 (1.24 to 3.06)) were associated with an increased risk of neuropsychiatric disorders in the child. Prenatal opioid exposure modestly increased the risk of severe neuropsychiatric disorders (1.30 (1.15 to 1.46)), mood disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and intellectual disability in the child. CONCLUSIONS Opioid use during pregnancy was not associated with a substantial increase in the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders in the offspring. A slightly increased risk of neuropsychiatric disorders was observed, but this should not be considered clinically meaningful given the observational nature of the study, and limited to high opioid dose, more than one opioid used, longer duration of exposure, opioid exposure during early pregnancy, and only to some neuropsychiatric disorders.
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| 5. |
- Choi, Hyeon-Seo, et al.
(författare)
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Oriented Crystal Growth during Perovskite Surface Reconstruction
- 2022
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 14:45, s. 51149-51156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surface passivation has become a key strategy for an improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) since PSCs experienced a steep increase in PCE and reached a comparably matured point. Recently, surface passivation using a mixed salt of fluorinated alkyl ammonium iodide and formamidinium bromide demon-strated a remarkable improvement in both performance and stability, which can be tuned by the length of the alkyl chain. Nevertheless, the role of the alkyl chain in manipulating surface-limited crystal growth was not fully understood, preventing a further progress in interface control. In this study, we found that the length of the fluorine-substituted alkyl chain governed the crystal formation dynamics by manipulating surface tensions of different crystal orientations. The overall enhancement of the (001) plane, being the most favored, commonly resulted from the surface reformation of the perovskite film regardless of the chain length, while the highly oriented (001) over (111) was monitored with a particular chain length. The enhanced crystal orientation during surface recrystallization was responsible for the low trap density and thus effectively suppressed charge recombination at the interface, resulting in a considerable increase in open-circuit voltage and fill factor.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Choi, Yujin, et al.
(författare)
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National prevalence and trends in food labeling awareness, comprehension, usage, and COVID-19 pandemic-related factors in South Korea, 2014-2022
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2045-2322. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although food labeling on food packages is crucial for promoting a healthy diet, limited research has been conducted on how the COVID-19 pandemic (hereinafter "the pandemic") has affected food labeling awareness. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the changes in trends in food labeling awareness, comprehension, and usage in South Korea during the pandemic. We utilized a nationwide, large-scale, and long-term dataset provided by the Korea Community Health Survey (KCHS) from 2014 to 2022 (total = 1,756,847 participants). This allowed the researchers to assess the long-term trends in the prevalence of food labeling awareness, comprehension, and usage. Furthermore, we investigated the factors associated with awareness specifically related to the pandemic. In total, 1,756,847 adults (54.19% women) participated in this study. The upward slope in overall food labeling awareness became less pronounced and even exhibited a downward slope during the pandemic (beta diff - 1.759; 95% CI - 1.874 to - 1.644). The upward slope in food labeling comprehension and usage became more pronounced during the pandemic (comprehension: beta diff 0.535; 95% CI 0.436-0.634; usage: beta diff 0.693; 95% CI 0.601-0.785). The vulnerability factors associated with lower food labeling awareness during the pandemic included older age, male, obesity, residing in rural areas, lower household income, lower educational level, smoking, and increased alcohol consumption. This study analyzed the 9-year trend in the prevalence of food labeling awareness, comprehension, and usage based on nationally representative data of adults in South Korea from 2014 to 2022. Our findings suggest that personalized nutrition strategies are needed to recognize vulnerable groups with risk factors and improve food labeling awareness among Korean adults during the pandemic.
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| 8. |
- Hong, Seohyun, et al.
(författare)
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Global association of secondhand smoke exposure locations and smoking behaviour among adolescents in 99 countries
- 2024
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : WILEY. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimThis study classified 99 countries into four income groups and then analysed the impact of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure at home, in public places and at school, on current cigarette smoking prevalence.MethodsWe utilised data from the WHO Global Youth Tobacco Survey and a meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the prevalence and weighted odds ratios (wORs) of adolescent smoking behaviour and SHS exposure locations.ResultsBoth smoking behaviours increased with higher national income levels. Smoking behaviours in high and upper-middle-income countries (HICs and UMICs) exhibited an association with SHS exposure in public places (HIC: wOR, 3.50 [95% CI, 2.85-4.31]; UMIC: wOR, 2.90 [2.60-3.23]) compared to home. Low- and lower-middle-income countries (LICs and LMICs) showed an association with SHS exposure in the home (LIC: wOR, 5.33 [3.59-7.93]; LMIC: wOR, 2.71 [2.33-3.17]) than public places. The association between current cigarette smoking and SHS exposure at home increased with lower income levels, while anticipated future use of any form of tobacco with SHS exposure in public places rose in lower income countries.ConclusionsTargeted interventions based on income levels are essential, emphasising home strategies in lower income countries and public place efforts in higher income countries.
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| 9. |
- Jo, Min-Seung, et al.
(författare)
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Aligned CuO nanowire array for a high performance visible light photodetector
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, copper oxide (CuO) has drawn much attention as a promising material in visible light photodetection with its advantages in ease of nanofabrication. CuO allows a variety of nanostructures to be explored to enhance the optoelectrical performance such as photogenerated carriers scattering and bandgap engineering. However, previous researches neglect in-depth analysis of CuO's light interaction effects, restrictively using random orientation such as randomly arranged nanowires, single nanowires, and dispersed nanoparticles. Here, we demonstrate an ultra-high performance CuO visible light photodetector utilizing perfectly-aligned nanowire array structures. CuO nanowires with 300 nm-width critical dimension suppressed carrier transport in the dark state and enhanced the conversion of photons to carriers; additionally, the aligned arrangement of the nanowires with designed geometry improved the light absorption by means of the constructive interference effect. The proposed nanostructures provide advantages in terms of dark current, photocurrent, and response time, showing unprecedentedly high (state-of-the-art) optoelectronic performance, including high values of sensitivity (S = 172.21%), photo-responsivity (R = 16.03 A/W, lambda = 535 nm), photo-detectivity (D* = 7.78 x 10(11) Jones), rise/decay time (tau(r)/tau(d) = 0.31 s/1.21 s).
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| 10. |
- Park, Jaeyu, et al.
(författare)
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National trends in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis prevalence in South Korea, 1998-2021
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies on the trends in the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) are limited, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to analyze the temporal trend of RA and OA in South Korean adults from 1998 to 2021, including the COVID-19 pandemic period. The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data on adults aged >= 19 years were analyzed to investigate the prevalence of RA and OA from 1998 to 2021. The prevalence trends were compared by the years, and beta(diff) (beta difference) was calculated. Odds ratios (ORs) were computed for each disease to examine changes in disease prevalence before and during the pandemic in order to determine the impact of the pandemic on disease prevalence. Among 163,221 Korean adults, the prevalence of RA and OA showed a steady decrease from 2005 (RA: from 1.91% in 2005-2007 to 1.55% in 2016-2019 and OA: from 9.75% in 2005-2007 to 8.27% in 2016-2019), but there was a slight increased after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (RA: from 1.23% in 2020 to 1.36% in 2021 and OA: from 8.04% in 2020 to 8.27% in 2021). Vulnerable groups, including participants aged >= 60 years (versus 19-60 years, ratio of ORs: 1.222; 95% CI 1.011-1.477), urban residents (ratio of ORs: 1.289; 95% CI 1.007-1.650), and participants with higher education level (ratio of ORs: 1.360; 95% CI 1.119-1.653) showed higher ORs of OA, whereas no particularly vulnerable population was observed for RA. Our findings provide an insight into the long-term trends of RA and OA among adult population and highlight a novel perspective on the impact of COVID-19 on disease prevalence.
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