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- Schijven, Dick, et al.
(författare)
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Large-scale analysis of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia via the ENIGMA consortium
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 120:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Left-right asymmetry is an important organizing feature of the healthy brain that may be altered in schizophrenia, but most studies have used relatively small samples and heterogeneous approaches, resulting in equivocal findings. We carried out the largest case-control study of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia, with MRI data from 5,080 affected individuals and 6,015 controls across 46 datasets, using a single image analysis protocol. Asymmetry indexes were calculated for global and regional cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volume measures. Differences of asymmetry were calculated between affected individuals and controls per dataset, and effect sizes were meta-analyzed across datasets. Small average case-control differences were observed for thickness asymmetries of the rostral anterior cingulate and the middle temporal gyrus, both driven by thinner left-hemispheric cortices in schizophrenia. Analyses of these asymmetries with respect to the use of antipsychotic medication and other clinical variables did not show any significant associations. Assessment of age- and sex-specific effects revealed a stronger average leftward asymmetry of pallidum volume between older cases and controls. Case-control differences in a multivariate context were assessed in a subset of the data (N = 2,029), which revealed that 7% of the variance across all structural asymmetries was explained by case-control status. Subtle case-control differences of brain macrostructural asymmetry may reflect differences at the molecular, cytoarchitectonic, or circuit levels that have functional relevance for the disorder. Reduced left middle temporal cortical thickness is consistent with altered left-hemisphere language network organization in schizophrenia.
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- Kolarević, Stoimir, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the Danube River in Serbia associated with the discharge of untreated wastewaters
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 783
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Serbia less than 13% of collected municipal wastewaters is being treated before their release in the environment. This includes all municipal wastewater discharges from Belgrade (capital city of Serbia; population 1,700,000). Previous research has identified the impacts of raw wastewater discharges from Belgrade on the Danube River, and this study investigated if such discharges also provided a pathway for SARS-CoV-2 RNA material. Samples were collected during the most critical circumstances that occurred so far within the COVID-19 pandemics in Serbia. Grab and composite samples were collected in December 2020, during the peak of the third wave (in terms of reported cases) at the site which receives the wastewater loads in Belgrade. Grab samples collected upstream and downstream of Belgrade were also analyzed. RNA was quantified using RT-qPCR with primer sets targeting nucleocapsid (N1 and N2) and envelope (E) protein genes. SARS-CoV-2 RNA (5.97 × 103 to 1.32 × 104 copies/L) was detected only in samples collected at the site strongly impacted by the wastewaters where all three applied primer sets gave positive signals. Determined concentrations correspond to those reported in wastewater influents sampled at treatment plants in other countries indicating an epidemiological indicator function of used approach for rivers with high pollution loads in countries with poor wastewater treatment.
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- Moon, Sunwoo, et al.
(författare)
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Fuel inventory and impurity deposition in castellated tungsten tiles in KSTAR : experiment and modelling
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physica Scripta. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 0031-8949 .- 1402-4896. ; T171:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plasma-facing components have castellated structure for thermo-mechanical durability and integrity under high heat flux loads. However, fuel co-deposition in the grooves of the castellation may enhance fuel retention. In KSTAR, castellated tungsten tiles were tested to investigate the impact of tile shaping and misalignment on the retention. The tiles with poloidal and toroidal gaps of 0.5 mm were exposed at the divertor during a whole campaign encompassing 4364 s of plasma operation. Surfaces inside the gaps were analysed by means of 3He-based micro-NRA, ERDA and PIXE. Modelling of carbon deposition was performed with the impurity transport code 3D-GAPS assuming impurity penetration along the magnetic field lines with plasma-wetted areas defined by simple geometrical shadowing. The main deposited element is carbon with different concentration at the entrance of the groove, dependent on the tile shaping: 6 x 10(17) cm(-2) for a chamfered and misaligned gap and up to 283 x 10(17) cm(-2) for a flat and aligned gap. The deposition patterns are exponentially decreased to 4-10 x 10(16) cm(-2) inside the gap. Deuterium concentration in the gaps described above ranges, respectively, from 2 x 10(17) cm(-2) to 50 x 10(17) cm(-2) at the top of the groove and decreases to 1-4 x 10(16) cm(-2) following the carbon deposition trends. The highest carbon and deuterium densities are measured at the plasma-exposed side of the flat tile and aligned gap. Modelled deposition profiles reproduce qualitatively the experimentally observed trends.
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