| 1. |
- Aamodt, K., et al.
(författare)
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The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3:S08002
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is a general-purpose, heavy-ion detector at the CERN LHC which focuses on QCD, the strong-interaction sector of the Standard Model. It is designed to address the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma at extreme values of energy density and temperature in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Besides running with Pb ions, the physics programme includes collisions with lighter ions, lower energy running and dedicated proton-nucleus runs. ALICE will also take data with proton beams at the top LHC energy to collect reference data for the heavy-ion programme and to address several QCD topics for which ALICE is complementary to the other LHC detectors. The ALICE detector has been built by a collaboration including currently over 1000 physicists and engineers from 105 Institutes in 30 countries, Its overall dimensions are 16 x 16 x 26 m(3) with a total weight of approximately 10 000 t. The experiment consists of 18 different detector systems each with its own specific technology choice and design constraints, driven both by the physics requirements and the experimental conditions expected at LHC. The most stringent design constraint is to cope with the extreme particle multiplicity anticipated in central Pb-Pb collisions. The different subsystems were optimized to provide high-momentum resolution as well as excellent Particle Identification (PID) over a broad range in momentum, up to the highest multiplicities predicted for LHC. This will allow for comprehensive studies of hadrons, electrons, muons, and photons produced in the collision of heavy nuclei. Most detector systems are scheduled to be installed and ready for data taking by mid-2008 when the LHC is scheduled to start operation, with the exception of parts of the Photon Spectrometer (PHOS), Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) and Electro Magnetic Calorimeter (EMCal). These detectors will be completed for the high-luminosity ion run expected in 2010. This paper describes in detail the detector components as installed for the first data taking in the summer of 2008.
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| 2. |
- Maierbeck, P., et al.
(författare)
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Structure of 55Ti from relativistic one-neutron knockout
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 675:1, s. 22-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Results are presented from a one-neutron knockout reaction at relativistic energies on 56Ti using the GSI FRS as a two-stage magnetic spectrometer and the Miniball array for gamma-ray detection. Inclusive and exclusive longitudinal momentum distributions and cross-sections were measured enabling the determination of the orbital angular momentum of the populated states. First-time observation of the 955(6) keV -hole state in 55Ti is reported. The measured data for the first time proves that the ground state of 55Ti is a 1/2- state, in agreement with shell-model calculations using the GXPF1A interaction that predict a sizable N=34 gap in 54Ca.
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| 3. |
- Maierbeck, P., et al.
(författare)
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Probing the single particle structure around Ca-54 with one-neutron knock-out
- 2008
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Ingår i: AIP Conference Proceedings. - 1551-7616 .- 0094-243X. ; 1012, s. 89-93
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nuclei Ca-47 and Ti-55 were populated in one-neutron knock-out reactions at relativistic energies. Momentum distributions of the residual nuclei as well as gamma-ray spectra were measured at the GSI fragment separator (FRS). Preliminary results of the ongoing analysis including cross sections and spin/parity assignments are presented.
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| 4. |
- Klimkiewicz, A., et al.
(författare)
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Pygmy Dipole Strength in Exotic Nuclei and the Equation of State
- 2009
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Ingår i: AIP Conference Proceedings. - 1551-7616 .- 0094-243X. ; 1165, s. 181-184 461
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A concentration of dipole strength at energies below the giant dipole resonance was observed in neutron-rich nuclei around Sn-132 in an experiment using the FRS-LAND setup. This so-called "pygmy" dipole strength can be related to the parameters of the symmetry energy and to the neutron skin thickness on the grounds of a relativistic quasiparticle random-phase approximation. Using this ansatz and the experimental findings for Sn-130 and 132 Sri, we derive a value of the symmetry energy pressure of (p) over bar (0) = 2.2 +/- 0.5 MeV/fm(3). Neutron skin thicknesses of R-n-R-p = 0.23 +/- 0.03 fm and 0.24 +/- 0.03 fm for Sn-130 and Sn-132, respectively, have been determined. Preliminary results on Ni-68 from a similar experiment using an improved setup indicate an enhanced cross section at low energies, while the results for Ni-58 are in accordance with results from photoabsorption measurements.
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| 5. |
- Mahata, K., et al.
(författare)
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Study of dipole excitations and the single particle structure of neutron rich Ni isotopes
- 2008
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Ingår i: AIP Conference Proceedings. - 1551-7616 .- 0094-243X. ; 1012, s. 389-391 453
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An experiment was performed using the FRS-LAND setup at GSI to study the dipole strength distributions above neutron separation threshold for neutron-rich Ni isotopes. Measurements, using the same experimental setup, were also carried out to extract single particle occupancies via knockout reactions to investigate the structure and magicity of the neutron-rich Ni isotopes. The status of the data analysis and preliminary results are presented.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Andersson, M., et al.
(författare)
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Microemulsion-mediated room-temperature synthesis of high-surface-area rutile and its photocatalytic performance
- 2007
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 111:18, s. 6789-6797
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanosized titania having the rutile crystalline structure was synthesized at room temperature using a microemulsion-mediated system. The formed rutile particles had a diameter of 3 nm, which corresponds well with the droplet size of the water-in-oil microemulsion used for their preparation. The crystallinity was monitored by both X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron diffraction, together with dark-field electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM. The rutile had a high specific surface area (similar to 300 m(2)/g) according to N-2 adsorption and the BET equation. To our knowledge, this is the highest specific surface area ever reported for rutile. The rutile crystals aligned in a specific crystallographic direction forming elongated aggregates 200-1000 nm in size, as observed by TEM and high-resolution TEM. The titania formation was followed in situ using dynamic light scattering and UV-vis spectroscopy, and together with TEM and XRD performed on samples collected throughout the duration of the titania synthesis, the results gave support for a formation scheme involving the initial formation of amorphous titania followed by crystallization of rutile. The photocatalytic performance of the formed material was evaluated by in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and compared to that of a rutile sample having a lower specific surface area (similar to 40 m(2)/g). The TEM and formate adsorption experiments revealed that the high-surface-area rutile had a much higher fraction of (101) facets than the low-surface-area sample, which predominantly exposed (110) facets. In particular, a new bidentate formate (mu-formate) species bridge-bonded to the (101) facet could be identified with characteristic bands at 1547 and 1387 cm(-1). The photodegradation rate of this species was found to be similar to the mu-formate species on the (110) facet. However, the overall formate degradation rate was larger on the high-surface-area rutile sample because of a high concentration of the more readily photodegradable monodentate formate (eta(1)-formate) on that sample.
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| 8. |
- Kiselev, A, et al.
(författare)
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Solar light decomposition of DFP on the surface of anatase and rutile TiO2 prepared by hydrothermal treatment of microemulsions
- 2005
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Ingår i: Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-6028 .- 1879-2758. ; 584:1, s. 98-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The photocatalytic decomposition of diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) over nanostructured anatase and rutile TiO2 powder was investigated by FTIR and XPS. Upon irradiation with artificial solar light DFP decomposed on both polymorphs as evidenced by FTIR. For both crystalline structures acetone and subsequently coordinated formate and carbonate were observed on the surface during the photocatalytic reaction is the isopropyl groups dissociated from DFP. XPS revealed that small amounts of phosphates and inorganic fluoride (Ti-F) gradually built up on both TiO2 surfaces, while organic F was present only on the rutile phase. From repeated cycles of intermittent DFP adsorption and irradiation measurements, the decomposition rates and formation of residuals on the surface were deduced. It was found that the overall oxidation yield is higher on anatase than rutile. The oxidation rate decreases with increasing irradiation time. an effect that is more pronounced on rutile. We find that both the difference between the polymorphs and the initial decrease of the oxidation yield can largely be explained by variations in surface area rather than poisoning by POx or F species. In particular, we observe a dramatic decrease of the specific area or rutile as a function of photocatalytic oxidation cycle. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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