| 1. |
- Helminen, Heikki, et al.
(författare)
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Kuormituksen vaikutus nivelrustoon [The effects of loading on articular cartilage].
- 1992
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Ingår i: Duodecim. - : Duodecim. - 0012-7183 .- 2242-3281. ; 108:12, s. 1097-1107
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nivelen kuormitus on tärkeimpiä nivelruston aineenvaihduntaan ja rakenteeseen vaikuttavia fysiologisia tekijöitä. Kohtuullinen rytminen kuormitus lisää nuoren ihmisen nivelruston proteoglykaanipitoisuutta. Tämän vaikutuksesta rusto jäykistyy ja kasvaa paksuutta. Hyvin voimakas kuormitus ei aiheuta tällaista positiivista vastetta. Toisaalta nivelkuormituksen puuttuminen pienentää ruston proteoglykaanipitoisuutta ja heikentää kimmo-ominaisuuksia. Nämä surkastumismuutokset ovat suurimmaksi osaksi–elleivät kokonaan–korjautuvia. Kohtuullisella nivelkuormituksella voidaan siis ylläpitää ja parantaa nivelruston ominaisuuksia. Pitkäaikaisen liikkumattomuuden jälkeen nivelrusto on heikompi kuin normaalisti ja voi vaurioitua niveltä voimakkaasti kuormitettaessa. Siksi nivelen kuormitusta pitää lisätä toipumisvaiheessa vähitellen.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Puustjärvi, Kaija, et al.
(författare)
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Flat bed scanner in the quantitative assay of 35SO4-incorporation by X-ray film autoradiography of intervertebral disc sections.
- 1993
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Ingår i: Histochemistry. - : Springer. - 0301-5564. ; 99:1, s. 67-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A rapid quantitation of proteoglycan synthesis distribution in intervertebral disc and endplates is described. Tissue blocks of disc (C7-Th1) in the midsagittal plane from ten female beagles were incubated in the presence of 35SO4 and prepared as histological slides. For comparison, sulphate incorporation rates in the C5-C6 discs were assayed by liquid scintillation. Autoradiographic film exposed against the labelled sections was developed and digitized for image analysis using a 256 grey level flat bed table scanner connected to a microcomputer. The film density versus dpm (disintegrations per minute) calibration was performed using a set of 35SO4-labelled glycosaminoglycan standards applied on the same film. Since section thickness, dpm calibration of the film density and the specific activity of sulphate in the medium were known, the incorporations per tissue volume could be calculated. The average incorporation rates of the anterior and posterior annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus and vertebral endplates were 5.2 +/- 0.9, 5.2 +/- 0.8, 4.5 +/- 0.6 and 4.1 +/- 0.8 pmol/mm3 per h (+/- SE, n = 10), respectively and closely corresponded to those obtained by liquid scintillation. This method offers a convenient and reproducible way to measure the rate of proteoglycan synthesis in large tissue sections but also in thin cartilaginous tissues such as the vertebral endplate.
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| 4. |
- Puustjärvi, Kaija, et al.
(författare)
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Proteoglycan synthesis in canine intervertebral discs after long-distance running training.
- 1993
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Ingår i: Journal of Orthopaedic Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0736-0266 .- 1554-527X. ; 11:5, s. 738-746
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The alterations and distribution of proteoglycan (PG) synthesis in the intervertebral discs of young dogs exercised with long-distance running (40 km/day) were studied with a method based on image analysis of tissue sections. Ten dogs were run on a treadmill daily for 55 weeks, and 10 dogs from the same litters served as controls. The daily running distance gradually was increased to 40 km and was maintained at that level for the final 15 weeks. Midsagittal disc segments C7-T1, T8-9, and L1-2 were labeled with 35SO4, and histological sections of the segments were apposed against autoradiographic film to determine the synthesis of PGs. Next, the same sections were stained with safranin O to estimate possible alterations in PG concentration. The radiographs and stained sections were digitized with a flatbed scanner and measured by image analysis. The lumbar discs of runners displayed a significantly lower rate of 35SO4 incorporation, while a tendency toward enhanced incorporation was seen in the cervical and thoracic discs. Safranin O staining showed a pattern just opposite to 35SO4 incorporation: decreased staining in the cervical and thoracic discs and increased staining in the lumbar discs of the runners. The results demonstrate qualitatively different influences of long-term running training on PG metabolism at the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar levels in young dogs.
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| 5. |
- Säämänen, Anna-Marja, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of running exercise on proteoglycans and collagen content in the intervertebral disc of young dogs.
- 1993
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sports Medicine. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0172-4622 .- 1439-3964. ; 14:1, s. 48-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Collagen and proteoglycans in the intervertebral disc (LI-II) of young beagle dogs (age 55 weeks) were analyzed following a 15 weeks' daily 20 km running training on a treadmill with 15 degree uphill inclination. In nucleus pulposus no statistically significant alterations were found in the content of proteoglycans or collagen. In annulus fibrosus the total tissue wet weight and total amount of collagen (hydroxyproline) increased by 34-36% in the runners as compared to age-matched, untrained controls. Since the total amount of proteoglycans did not increase, the annulus fibrosus became relatively depleted of proteoglycans, as indicated by the 27% reduction in uronic acid concentration, expressed either per wet weight or hydroxyproline. The average molecular size of the remaining nonaggregating proteoglycans was larger, and there was also a trend towards increased proportion of proteoglycans aggregating with hyaluronan. Most of the chondroitin sulfate side chains were 6-sulfated (65-66%). Running did not alter the sulfation or length of the chondroitin sulfate chains. The decreased proteoglycan/collagen ratio in annulus fibrosus may result in altered mechanical properties of the tissue and reflects its adaptation to enhanced motion and stress.
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