| 1. |
- Ahlgren, Madeleine, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Self-reported symptoms of low energy availability among female elite athletes and controls
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimWe aimed to investigate symptoms of low energy availability (LEA) among athletes and recreational active people, and the associations with EDs, excessive exercise, and motivation for training and dietary behavioural changes. MethodsSwedish female national team athletes (n=150) from 26 sports, and recreational active women (n=108), 18-39 years were recruited via sport organizations and social media. Participants filled out an anonymous on-line survey comprising the LEA in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q), the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), the Major Depression Index (MDI), the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI), and the Motivation to Change Questionnaire (MCQ). LEAF-Q total score >8 and EDE-Q Global score >2.3 were used to classify participants as having symptoms of LEA and eating disorders (EDs), respectively.ResultsOf all participants, 47% had symptoms of LEA with no difference between elite athletes (47%) and controls (48%). Participants with LEA had lower body mass and BMI compared to those with no symptoms, while no differences were found in age or training load. Most of the participants with LEA (69%) did not have symptoms of EDs. However, when excluding all participants with ED symptoms (n=65), participants with LEA had higher EDE-Q sub scale scores, MDI and EAI scores, and they reported poorer health status and reduced ability to increase energy intake and to lower the training load compared to participants with no LEA symptoms. ConclusionOur findings confirm earlier indications that symptoms of LEA is frequent among elite athletes as well as sedentary people, and that most LEA cases do not have EDs. However, our findings suggest that symptoms of LEA may still be associated with poor well-being, restricted eating and excessive training behaviour and negative focus on body shape and weight. Reversing LEA by increased energy intake and/or reduced training load is the only treatment to prevent REDs health and performance implications. Our findings therefore emphasize the need for multidisciplinary prevention strategies to ensure necessary dietary and training behavioural changes.
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| 2. |
- Anker, Andy S., et al.
(författare)
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Extracting structural motifs from pair distribution function data of nanostructures using explainable machine learning
- 2022
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Ingår i: npj Computational Materials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2057-3960. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Characterization of material structure with X-ray or neutron scattering using e.g. Pair Distribution Function (PDF) analysis most often rely on refining a structure model against an experimental dataset. However, identifying a suitable model is often a bottleneck. Recently, automated approaches have made it possible to test thousands of models for each dataset, but these methods are computationally expensive and analysing the output, i.e. extracting structural information from the resulting fits in a meaningful way, is challenging. Our Machine Learning based Motif Extractor (ML-MotEx) trains an ML algorithm on thousands of fits, and uses SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanation) values to identify which model features are important for the fit quality. We use the method for 4 different chemical systems, including disordered nanomaterials and clusters. ML-MotEx opens for a type of modelling where each feature in a model is assigned an importance value for the fit quality based on explainable ML.
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| 3. |
- Geisen, Christof, et al.
(författare)
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An HPA-1a–positive platelet–depleting agent for prevention of fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia : a randomized, single-blind, placebo–controlled, single-center, phase 1/2 proof-of-concept study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1538-7933 .- 1538-7836. ; 21:4, s. 838-849
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is a rare and potentially life-threatening bleeding disorder of the fetus/newborn. Antibodies against human platelet antigen 1a (HPA-1a) are associated with the most frequent FNAIT cases. There are no approved therapies for FNAIT prevention or treatment. RLYB211 is a polyclonal HPA-1a hyperimmune IgG being developed to prevent FNAIT. Objectives: To investigate whether a single dose of anti–HPA-1a (1000 IU) could markedly accelerate the elimination of HPA-1ab platelets transfused into healthy, HPA-1a–negative participants as compared with placebo. Methods: This randomized, single-blind, placebo–controlled, single-center, phase 1/2 proof-of-concept study (EudraCT: 2019-003459-12) included HPA-1a– and HLA-A2–negative healthy men. Cohort 1 received intravenous RLYB211 or placebo 1 hour after transfusion of HPA-1ab platelets. Cohort 1B received RLYB211 or placebo, followed by platelet transfusion 1 week later. Primary endpoint was the half-life of transfused platelets in circulation after administration of RLYB211 or placebo, determined by flow cytometry. Proof of concept was ≥90% reduction of half-life relative to placebo. Results: Twelve participants were allocated to cohort 1 or 1B and randomized to receive RLYB211 (n = 9) or placebo (n = 3). RLYB211 markedly accelerated the elimination of HPA-1ab platelets in all participants vs placebo. In cohort 1B, this effect was observed 7 days after RLYB211 administration. Two treatment–emergent adverse events were possibly related to treatment, both in RLYB211–treated participants. No participants developed HPA-1a antibodies at 12 or 24 weeks. Conclusion: These data support the hypothesis that anti–HPA-1a could be used as prophylaxis in women at risk of having an FNAIT–affected pregnancy.
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| 4. |
- Kjær, Jørgen Bagger, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Breaking through? Exploring care in the early life of elite Swedish athletes
- 2023
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Ingår i: Sport Coaching Review. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 2164-0629 .- 2164-0637. ; 12:1, s. 68-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Through retrospective interviews with 14 Swedish elite athletes, this qualitative study explores care among the early life of elite athletes. Using Nel Noddings’ care theory as a framework for the data, the study considers caring practices from significant others in the micro-environment of the emerging elite athlete. Athletes highlight the natural care they received as children from their parents and the ethical care they received by their coaches as instrumental in their athletic upbringing, especially during the junior to senior level transition. Consequently, we suggest ethi- cal care supplements natural care. This paper also introduces Noddings’ concept of practice and discusses opportunities and challenges in the coach-athlete relationship based on caring. Implications of this study problematise the role sport organisa- tions play in supporting natural and ethical care among stake- holders in the micro-environment.
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| 5. |
- Kjær, Jørgen Bagger, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Coaching for personal development : Retrospective stories from 14 Swedish high-performance athletes
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Sport Coaching Journal. - : Human Kinetics. - 2328-918X .- 2328-9198. ; , s. S50-S50
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Athlete-centred coaching is a foundation of the ICCE framework (ICCE, 2012). Coaches should help improve sport-specific skills and knowledge of an athlete, but an effective coach will also improve their confidence, connection, and character. Côté and Gilbert (2009) suggest that character is “respect for the sport and others (morality), integrity, empathy and responsibility” (p. 314). Furthermore, connection refers to the ability to create positive bonds and relations, both inside and outside of sport. Through the retrospective stories of 14 Swedish national team athletes, the objective of this presentation is to provide concrete examples of how coaches can help athletes grow as well as introduce Nodding’s concept of practice for coaches, coach educators, and researchers to consider. In line with Nodding’s concept of practice, Swedish elite athletes value time spent outside the sporting domain with their coach (e.g., on training camps). When coaches spend time off the court with a young adult, they have the chance to work with the athlete’s mentality, which can have a positive influence on an athlete’s connection and character. Nodding’s concept of practice offers opportunities and challenges that coaches, coach educators and researchers need to consider. It highlights the important role coaches can/should serve acting as in loco parentis and the need for the coach to act as an educator (e.g., Jones, 2006). Implications of this study is for coaches and sport organisations/institutions more broadly to discuss how to implement the concept of practice into their program.ReferencesCôté, J., & Gilbert, W. (2009). An integrative definition of coaching effectiveness and expertise. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 4(3), 307–323.International Council for Coaching Excellence & Association of Summer Olympic International Federations. (2012). International sport coaching framework, version 1.1. Human Kinetics. https://www.icce.ws/_assets/files/iscf-1.2-10-7-15.pdfJones, R. L. (2006). The sports coach as educator: Re-conceptualising sports coaching. Routledge.Noddings, N. (2013). Caring: A relational approach to ethics and moral education. University of California Press.
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| 6. |
- Kjær, Jørgen Bagger, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Do we need to break a glass ceiling? A discussion on the Swedish dual career model at the secondary school level
- 2022
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Ingår i: SVEBI 2022. ; , s. 51-52
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionThe dual career concept is a way for future elite athletes to combine their schooling with an elite sport career. The Swedish sport model, established by the Swedish Parliament, stipulates that young people who invest in elite sport by combining their education with their studies should be able to get a job when their sports career is over. However, within several sports in Sweden, the transition from lower to upper secondary education is decisive for a future career in sports. As such, the possibilities for a career as an elite athlete might be determined during the admission to the upper secondary school, when the student is between 15 and 16 years old.Aim and theoretical frameworkThe dual career concept will be used to frame our discussion. Henry (2013) discussed two rationales regarding athletes’ access to education and vocational training, (a) a rightsbased discourse which argues that athletes are denied the same access to education and that is guaranteed for other workers, and (b) a performance-based discourse which argues that the athlete’s ability to perform is enhanced by their access to educational opportunities. Inspired by Henry (2013), this study will examine the extent to which every talented athlete in Sweden has equal access to attend a sport high school and develop as an athlete at the same time.MethodOur study is based on questionnaire survey conducted among Swedish athletes who were on the national team level in their sport.Results Preliminary results demonstrate that the access to a sport school depends on the sport an athlete has chosen, and where he or she lives. Discussion and conclusions The Swedish sport schools have been successful in enrolling many athletes who later succeeded in elite sport. However, we argue that one of the unintended consequences with the current Swedish model is that it can be a glass ceiling for some athletes. Our study suggests several problematic issues: Students pursuing elite sport tend to come from a favorable socioeconomic background, with well-educated parents with a solid income. Another crucial factor is the parents’ own connections to and experiences of sport.Sports with many athletes can give their own athletes better conditions for combining studies and sport by creating educational options with a sport profile. Other sports have considerably fewer, if any, alternatives to offer young elite athletes who wish to make an elite investment.Elite athletes in Sweden cannot be guaranteed a place in the education program of their own choice, as is done in some countries.How the individual upper secondary school and sports clubs is organized may be of importance. Lund and Liljeholm (2012) distinguish the elite club model, which is based on a strong club, which preferably runs an individual sport, from the elite environment model, where the school is in focus and several sports can share facilities.
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| 7. |
- Kjeldsted, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Association between human papillomavirus status and health-related quality of life in oropharyngeal and oral cavity cancer survivors
- 2020
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Ingår i: Oral Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1368-8375. ; 109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a risk factor for a subgroup of head and neck cancers (HNC). HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNC patients encompass heterogeneous groups regarding risk factors, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, which may influence health-related quality of life (HRQL) differently. Since this has been sparsely studied, our study investigated the association between HPV status and HRQL in HNC survivors in Denmark. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study included 179 recurrence-free oropharyngeal and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) survivors. HRQL was assessed on the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-H&N35 questionnaires. Linear and logistic regression models were adjusted for sociodemographic, clinical and lifestyle factors. Results: Most unadjusted results showed better HRQL among HPV-positive (n = 119) compared to HPV-negative (n = 60) OSCC survivors (average 18 months since diagnosis). After adjustments, the HPV-positive survivors reported higher role functioning (mean difference [MD] 9.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1 to –18.4), and fewer problems with speech (MD −9.0, 95% CI −18.0 to −0.1), sexuality (MD −21.9, 95% CI −38.0 to −5.9) and opening mouth (MD −13.7, 95% CI −26.6 to −0.8) compared to HPV-negative survivors. Conclusion: Our findings support that HPV-positive OSCC survivors experience better HRQL than HPV-negative survivors. However, results indicate that sociodemographic, clinical and lifestyle factors explain most of the association between HPV status and HRQL. Findings suggest increased focus on the HPV-negative OSCC survivors with deteriorated HRQL in rehabilitation programs and future research to investigate the long-term effects of treatment among HPV-positive OSCC survivors who may develop symptoms later in survivorship.
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| 8. |
- Laxdal, Aron, et al.
(författare)
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FIDES Athlete Development Programme : project background and study protocol of an embedded multiple case study
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMJ Open sport & exercise medicine. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2055-7647. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most sports science research revolves around male subjects. As a result, most of the knowledge and practices within sports are male-centric. Failing to take the biological, psychological and social (biopsychosocial) particularities of females into account is believed to hinder optimal sports participation, development and performance, with potential negative effects on the health and well-being of females. To close the knowledge gap and alleviate these issues, we aim to develop and evaluate a 12-video educational intervention that addresses female-specific subject matter: the FIDES Athlete Development Programme. The study is designed as an embedded multiple case study where at least 1320 Swedish female athletes aged 13-16 will participate, in addition to their parents and their coaches. The girls will be recruited through their sports clubs, with half being exposed to the FIDES Athlete Development Programme and the other half serving as control cases. The primary outcomes are well-being and sporting experience. To further increase our understanding of the intervention and its implications, interviews and focus group interviews with a reference group of girls and focus group interviews with a randomly selected subsample of coaches and parents will also be performed. The project is approved by the Swedish ethics committee (number: 2023-05264-01) and will be carried out in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Results from the project will be published open access in peer-reviewed journals, at national and international conferences, in mass media, and a PhD thesis. The anonymised data will be made openly available in a data repository.
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