| 1. |
- Bergsten, Eva L., 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Fall and collision related injuries among pedestrians, sickness absence and associations with accident type and occupation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Safety Research. - : Elsevier. - 0022-4375 .- 1879-1247. ; 86, s. 357-363
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: This study explores pedestrian fall accidents and collisions with other road users in the Swedish road transport system, and sickness absence (SA) in relation to accident type, injury, and occupation. Further, it studies the associations between accident type, occupation, and duration of SA. Methods: Data from several national registers were used that included 15,359 working age pedestrians (20–64 years) receiving healthcare after a fall or collision throughout 2014–2016. Individual characteristics, accident type, injury, and occupation were presented and related to SA. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR), with 95% confidence intervals, for associations between accident type, occupation, and SA duration. Results: About 11,000 pedestrians (72%) were involved in fall accidents in the road traffic environment and well over 4,000 in collisions with another road user; 22% of all injured pedestrians had a new SA. The population had a higher proportion of women and individuals in older age groups (≥45). Of the falls, 31% were due to snow or ice, and these were associated with a higher OR for both short SA (<90 days) 1.76 (95% CI 1.56–1.98) and long SA (≥90 days) 1.81 (95% CI 1.51–2.18), compared to the group slipping, tripping, and stumbling. The working sectors health & social care, and construction had the highest ORs for SA. A higher OR was found for health & social care, short SA 1.58 (95% CI 1.38–1.81), long SA 1.79 (95% CI 1.45–2.20) and for construction, short SA 1.56 (95% CI 1.24–1.96), long SA 1.75 (95% CI 1.26–2.44), compared to the sector finance, communication, & cultural service. Conclusions: The OR for having short and long SA was higher in falls due to snow or ice and differed between occupational sectors. Practical implications: This information contributes to the knowledge base for planning a safe road transport system for pedestrians.
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| 2. |
- Bergsten, Eva L., 1969-, et al.
(författare)
-
Fall and collision related injuries among pedestrians, sickness absence and associations with accident type and occupation
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Safety Research. - : Elsevier. - 0022-4375 .- 1879-1247. ; 86, s. 357-363
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: This study explores pedestrian fall accidents and collisions with other road users in the Swedish road transport system, and sickness absence (SA) in relation to accident type, injury, and occupation. Further, it studies the associations between accident type, occupation, and duration of SA.METHODS: Data from several national registers were used that included 15,359 working age pedestrians (20-64 years) receiving healthcare after a fall or collision throughout 2014-2016. Individual characteristics, accident type, injury, and occupation were presented and related to SA. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR), with 95% confidence intervals, for associations between accident type, occupation, and SA duration.RESULTS: About 11,000 pedestrians (72%) were involved in fall accidents in the road traffic environment and well over 4,000 in collisions with another road user; 22% of all injured pedestrians had a new SA. The population had a higher proportion of women and individuals in older age groups (≥45). Of the falls, 31% were due to snow or ice, and these were associated with a higher OR for both short SA (<90 days) 1.76 (95% CI 1.56-1.98) and long SA (≥90 days) 1.81 (95% CI 1.51-2.18), compared to the group slipping, tripping, and stumbling. The working sectors health & social care, and construction had the highest ORs for SA. A higher OR was found for health & social care, short SA 1.58 (95% CI 1.38-1.81), long SA 1.79 (95% CI 1.45-2.20) and for construction, short SA 1.56 (95% CI 1.24-1.96), long SA 1.75 (95% CI 1.26-2.44), compared to the sector finance, communication, & cultural service.CONCLUSIONS: The OR for having short and long SA was higher in falls due to snow or ice and differed between occupational sectors.PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: This information contributes to the knowledge base for planning a safe road transport system for pedestrians.
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| 3. |
- Chen, Lingjing, et al.
(författare)
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Labour market integration among young adults diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at working age
- 2024
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Ingår i: Psychological Medicine. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0033-2917 .- 1469-8978. ; 54:1, s. 148-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- METHODS: Multiple Swedish nationwide registers were used to identify 8045 individuals, aged 20-29, with an incident diagnosis of ADHD 2006-2011. Labour market integration was conceptualized according to the core-peripheral model as a continuum from a strong (core) to a weak (peripheral) connection to the labour market. Sequence analyses categorized clusters of labour market integration, from 1 year before to 5 years after their ADHD diagnosis for individuals diagnosed with ADHD and a matched control group without ADHD. Multinomial logistic regression computed odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between sociodemographic factors and comorbid disorders and the identified clusters.RESULTS: About one-fourth of the young adults diagnosed with ADHD belonged to clusters characterized by a transition to a mainly peripheral labour market position, which was approximately four-times higher compared to controls without ADHD. Foremost, those living in small cities/villages (OR 1.9; CI 1.5-2.2), those having comorbid autism-spectrum disorder (OR 13.7; CI 6.8-27.5) or schizophrenia/psychoses (OR 7.8; CI 3.8-15.9) were associated with a transition towards a peripheral labour market position throughout the study period. Those with a high educational level (OR 0.1; CI 0.1-0.1), and men (OR 0.7; CI 0.6-0.8) were less likely to have a peripheral labour market position.CONCLUSIONS: Young adults diagnosed with ADHD are four-times more likely to be in the peripheral labour market position compared to those without ADHD. To increase labour market participation, special attention is warranted to those with low educational level, those living outside big cities and those with comorbid mental disorders.
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| 4. |
- Kjeldgård, Linnea, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnosis-specific sickness absence among injured working-aged pedestrians: a sequence analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 23:1, s. 367-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The knowledge about the long-term consequences in terms of sickness absence (SA) among pedestrians injured in a traffic-related accident, including falls, is scarce. Therefore, the aim was to explore diagnosis-specific patterns of SA during a four-year period and their association with different sociodemographic and occupational factors among all individuals of working ages who were injured as a pedestrian. METHODS: A nationwide register-based study, including all individuals aged 20-59 and living in Sweden, who in 2014-2016 had in- or specialized outpatient healthcare after a new traffic-related accident as a pedestrian. Diagnosis-specific SA (> 14 days) was assessed weekly from one year before the accident up until three years after the accident. Sequence analysis was used to identify patterns (sequences) of SA, and cluster analysis to form clusters of individuals with similar sequences. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for association of the different factors and cluster memberships were estimated by multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: In total, 11,432 pedestrians received healthcare due to a traffic-related accident. Eight clusters of SA patterns were identified. The largest cluster was characterized by no SA, three clusters had different SA patterns due to injury diagnoses (immediate, episodic, and later). One cluster had SA both due to injury and other diagnoses. Two clusters had SA due to other diagnoses (short-term and long-term) and one cluster mainly consisted of individuals with disability pension (DP). Compared to the cluster "No SA", all other clusters were associated with older age, no university education, having been hospitalized, and working in health and social care. The clusters "Immediate SA", "Episodic SA" and "Both SA due to injury and other diagnoses" were also associated with higher odds of pedestrians who sustained a fracture. CONCLUSIONS: This nationwide study of the working-aged pedestrians observed diverging patterns of SA after their accident. The largest cluster of pedestrians had no SA, and the other seven clusters had different patterns of SA in terms of diagnosis (injury and other diagnoses) and timing of SA. Differences were found between all clusters regarding sociodemographic and occupational factors. This information can contribute to the understanding of long-term consequences of road traffic accidents.
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| 5. |
- Kjeldgård, Linnea, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Sequence analysis of sickness absence and disability pension in the year before and the three years following a bicycle crash; a nationwide longitudinal cohort study of 6353 injured individuals
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Bicyclists are the road user group with the highest number of severe injuries in the EU, yet little is known about sickness absence (SA) and disability pension (DP) following such injuries. Aims: To explore long-term patterns of SA and DP among injured bicyclists, and to identify characteristics associated with the specific patterns. Methods: A longitudinal register-based study was conducted, including all 6353 individuals aged 18–59 years and living in Sweden in 2009, who in 2010 had incident in-patient or specialized out-patient healthcare after a bicycle crash. Information about sociodemographic factors, the injury, SA (SA spells > 14 days), and DP was obtained from nationwide registers. Weekly SA/DP states over 1 year before through 3 years after the crash date were used in sequence and cluster analyses. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for factors associated with each identified sequence cluster. Results: Seven clusters were identified: “No SA or DP” (58.2% of the cohort), “Low SA or DP” (7.4%), “Immediate SA” (20.3%), “Episodic SA” (5.9%), “Long-term SA” (1.7%), “Ongoing part-time DP” (1.7%), and “Ongoing full-time DP” (4.8%). Compared to the cluster “No SA or DP”, all other clusters had higher ORs for women, and higher age. All clusters but “Low SA and DP” had higher ORs for inpatient healthcare. The cluster “Immediate SA” had a higher OR for: fractures (OR 4.3; CI 3.5–5.2), dislocation (2.8; 2.0–3.9), sprains and strains (2.0; 1.5–2.7), and internal injuries (3.0; 1.3–6.7) compared with external injuries. The cluster “Episodic SA” had higher ORs for: traumatic brain injury, not concussion (4.2; 1.1–16.1), spine and back (4.5; 2.2–9.5), torso (2.5; 1.4–4.3), upper extremities (2.9; 1.9–4.5), and lower extremities (3.5; 2.2–5.5) compared with injuries to the head, face, and neck (not traumatic brain injuries). The cluster “Long-term SA” had higher ORs for collisions with motor vehicles (1.9;1.1–3.2) and traumatic brain injury, not concussion (18.4;2.2–155.2). Conclusion: Sequence analysis enabled exploration of the large heterogeneity of SA and DP following a bicycle crash. More knowledge is needed on how to prevent bicycle crashes and especially those crashes/injuries leading to long-term consequences.
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| 6. |
- Kjeldgård, Linnea, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Sickness absence and disability pension after road traffic accidents, a nationwide register-based study comparing different road user groups with matched references
- 2024
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Ingår i: Heliyon. - : Elsevier. - 2405-8440. ; 10:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundBeing injured in a road traffic accident may affect individuals’ functional ability and in turn lead to sickness absence (SA) and disability pension (DP). Knowledge regarding long-term consequences in terms of SA and DP following a road traffic accident is lacking, especially comparing different groups of road users and compared to the general population. The aim was to estimate excess diagnosis-specific SA and DP among individuals of different road user groups injured in a road traffic accident compared to matched references without such injury.MethodsA nationwide register-based study, including all working individuals aged 20–59 years and living in Sweden who in 2015 had in- or specialized outpatient healthcare after a new traffic-related injury (n = 20 177) and population-based matched references (matched on: sex, age, level of education, country of birth, living in cities) without any traffic-related injury during 2014–2015 (n = 100 885). Diagnosis-specific (injury and other diagnoses) SA and DP were assessed during 5 years: 1 year before and 4 years following the accident. Mean SA and DP net days/year for each road user group and mean differences of (excess) SA and DP net days/year compared with their matched references were calculated with independent t-tests with bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
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| 7. |
- Kjeldgård, Linnea
(författare)
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Sickness absence and disability pension among individuals injured in a bicycle crash
- 2020
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bicyclists are the road user group with the highest number of severe injuries, yet little is known about the impact of such injuries on sickness absence (SA) and disability pension (DP). Therefore, the aim was to increase the knowledge on factors associated with SA and DP among individuals of working ages, injured in a bicycle crash. Two register-based studies were conducted, including all individuals of working age and living in Sweden, who in 2010 had in- or specialized out-patient healthcare for injuries sustained in a new bicycle crash. The individuals where categorized by age, sex, crash type, type of injury, and injured body region. Study I, analyzed SA and DP at the time of the crash, the following groups were used: No new SA, Ongoing SA or full-time DP, and New SA spells >14 days. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for New SA spells >14 days, among those at risk of SA. In Study II, weekly SA/DP data for one year before and through three years after the crash date were used in sequence and cluster analyses. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate OR and 95% CI for factors associated with each sequence cluster. In Study I, a total of 7643 individuals aged 16-64 years, had specialized healthcare due to a new bicycle crash in 2010, of which the majority (85%) were single-bicycle crashes. Among all, 10% were already on SA or full-time DP at the time of the crash, while 18% had a new SA spell. The most common types of injuries were external injuries (38%) and fractures (37%). The body region most frequently injured was the upper extremities (43%). The OR for New SA was higher for women compared to men (OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.23-1.58) and for higher ages compared to younger (OR 2.50; 2.02-3.09, for ages: 55-64 vs. 25-34). Fractures and internal injuries were the type of injury with the highest OR for New SA compared with external injuries (8.04; 6.62-9.77 and 7.34; 3.67-14.66, respectively). The body regions with the highest ORs for New SA, compared with injuries to the ‘head, face, and neck, not traumatic brain injury’ were injuries to the ‘spine and back’ (3.53; 2.24-5.55) and ‘traumatic brain injury, not concussion’ (2.72; 1.19-6.22). In Study II, including 6353 individuals aged 18-59 years, injured in a bicycle crash 2010, and alive and living in Sweden during the whole follow-up, seven clusters were identified and named: "No SA or DP" (58.2% of all), "Low SA or DP" (7.4%), "Immediate SA" (20.3%), "Episodic SA" (5.9%), "Long-term SA" (1.7%), "Ongoing part-time DP" (1.7%), and "Ongoing full-time DP" (4.8%). Compared to the reference cluster, "No SA or DP", all other clusters were associated with a higher proportion of women, individuals of older age, and individuals who had only high school education (compared to university/college). Further, inpatient healthcare had high OR for all clusters but "Low SA or DP" compared with the cluster “No SA or DP”. There were three clusters with different levels of SA. The clusters "Immediate SA" and "Episodic SA" had higher OR for fractures and injuries to the ‘spine and back’, the clusters "Episodic SA" and “Long-term SA” had higher OR for ‘traumatic brain injury, not concussion’, and the cluster “Long-term SA” had also higher OR for collisions with motor vehicles compared with the cluster “No SA or DP”. Bicycling is an important part of a sustainable transportation system, but is not risk-free. Among individuals of working age who in 2010 had incident in- or specialized out-patient healthcare for injuries sustained in a bicycle crash, 18% had a new SA spell in connection to the crash. Seven clusters of SA and DP sequences were identified displaying that sequence analysis enabled exploration of different characteristics across different patterns of SA and DP following a bicycle crash.
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| 8. |
- Kjeldgård, Linnea
(författare)
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Sickness absence and disability pension among injured bicyclists and pedestrians
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Active transportation such as walking and bicycling provides an opportunity for individuals to incorporate physical activity into daily life. It has a positive impact on public health and is an important aspect of a sustainable road transport system. However, it also involves some risks. Globally, about a fifth of all fatalities within the road transport system are represented by pedestrians, and bicyclists are the road user group with the highest number of severe injuries in the European Union. Being injured in a road traffic accident may affect the individuals’ work ability and lead to sickness absence (SA) and disability pension (DP). Still, knowledge is lacking on the short- and long-term consequences of road traffic injuries among bicyclists and pedestrians in terms of SA and DP. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to generate broader and deeper knowledge of SA and DP after a road traffic accident among injured working aged bicyclists and pedestrians. Method: Five nationwide studies using Swedish register data of working-age individuals were conducted. Study I and Study II included all bicyclists injured in a road traffic accident in 2010. Study III and Study IV included all pedestrians injured in a road traffic accident (including fall accidents) in 2010 and 2014-2016, respectively. In Study I - Study IV SA and DP were analysed with logistic regression, sequence analysis, cluster analysis, and multinomial logistic regression. Study V included all working individuals injured in a road traffic accident (pedestrians, bicyclists, car occupants, and other road users) in 2015 and population-based matched references (matched on: sex, year of birth, level of education, country of birth, type of living area) without any traffic-related injury during 2014-2015. Mean SA and DP net days/year for each road traffic group and excess SA and DP net days/year compared with their matched references were calculated. Results: In Study I, 85% of the 7643 injured bicyclists were injured in a single-bicycle crash. Among all, 10% were already on SA or full-time DP, while 18% started a new SA spell (>14 days) in connection with the crash. Women and older individuals had higher OR for new SA. The injury types with the highest ORs for new SA were fractures (8.04; 6.62–9.77) and internal injuries (7.34; 3.67–14.66), compared with external injuries. For the injured bicyclists in Study II, seven clusters of SA and DP were identified: “No SA or DP” (58.2% of the cohort), “Low SA or DP” (7.4%), “Immediate SA” (20.3%), “Episodic SA” (5.9%), “Long-term SA” (1.7%), “Ongoing part-time DP” (1.7%), and “Ongoing full-time DP” (4.8%). Compared to the cluster “No SA or DP”, all other clusters had higher ORs for women and older age groups. The clusters “Immediate SA” and “Episodic SA” had higher ORs for fractures, whereas the cluster “Long-term SA” had higher ORs for traumatic brain injury, not including concussion (18.4; 2.2–155.2). In Study III, 75% of the 5576 injured pedestrians were injured in a fall accident, and half of the falls were related to snow and ice. Among the injured pedestrians, 18.3% were already on SA or full-time DP, and 20% started a new SA spell in connection with the accident. Older individuals had a higher OR for new SA. Fractures were the injury type with the highest OR for new SA when compared with the reference group external injuries (9.58; 7.39-12.43). The injured body region with the highest OR for new SA, was lower leg, ankle, foot, and other leg, compared with the reference group head, face, and neck (4.52; 2.78-7.36). For the injured pedestrians in Study IV, eight clusters of SA patterns were identified. The largest cluster was characterized by no SA or DP (46.7%), four clusters had different SA patterns due to injury diagnoses (immediate (17.9%), episodic (3.9%), later (3.2%), and combined with SA due to other diagnoses (7.0%)). Two clusters had SA due to other diagnoses (short-term (16.6%) and long-term (2.0%)) and one cluster mainly consisted of individuals with DP (2.7%). Compared to the cluster “No SA”, all other clusters were associated with older age, hospitalized at inclusion, and working in health & social care. The clusters “Immediate SA”, “Episodic SA” and “Both SA due to injury and other diagnoses” were also associated with sustaining a fracture. In Study V a third of the individuals injured in a road traffic accident were bicyclists, 31% car occupants, 16% pedestrians, and 19% were other road users (mostly motorcyclists and mopeds). Pedestrians and other road users were the road user groups with the highest mean number of SA days during the first year following the accident (51 and 49 days/year respectively). The matched references had between 8 and 13 SA days/year throughout the study period. The excess SA days/year was elevated for all road user groups the whole study period. Excess SA due to injury diagnoses was 15-35 days/year during the first year following the accident. Excess SA due to diagnoses other than injuries were about eight days/year for pedestrians and car occupants during the whole study period and about zero for the bicyclists. The excess DP was low, although it increased every year for pedestrians and for car occupants; for bicyclists no excess DP was observed. Conclusions: This thesis showed that both among injured bicyclists and pedestrians, about a fifth had new SA in connection with the accident. In addition, both groups had excess SA during the following years after the accident compared to their references. However, bicyclists’ excess SA and DP decreased faster after the accident than the pedestrians’. Fractures were associated with SA in connection with the accident for both pedestrians and bicyclists, and traumatic brain injury was associated with long-term SA for bicyclists.
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| 9. |
- Kjeldgård, Linnea, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Sickness absence and disability pension among injured working-aged pedestrians - a population-based Swedish register study
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The knowledge is scarce about sickness absence (SA) and disability pension (DP) among pedestrians injured in a traffic-related accident, including falls. Thus, the aim was to explore the frequencies of types of accidents and injuries and their association with SA and DP among working-aged individuals. Methods: A nationwide register-based study, including all individuals aged 16-64 and living in Sweden, who in 2010 had in- or specialized outpatient healthcare after a new traffic-related accident as a pedestrian. Information on age, sex, sociodemographics, SA, DP, type of accident, injury type, and injured body region was used. Frequencies of pedestrians with no SA or DP, with ongoing SA or full-time DP already at the time of the accident, and with a new SA spell >14 days in connection to the accident were analyzed. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for new SA were estimated by logistic regression. Results: In total, 5576 pedestrians received healthcare due to a traffic-related accident (of which 75% were falls, with half of the falls related to snow and ice). At the time of the accident, 7.5% were already on SA and 10.8% on full-time DP, while 20% started a new SA spell. The most common types of injuries were fractures (45%) and external injuries (30%). The body region most frequently injured was the lower leg, ankle, foot, and other (in total 26%). Older individuals had a higher OR for new SA compared with younger (OR 1.91; 95% CI 1.44-2.53, for ages: 45-54 vs. 25-34). The injury type with the highest OR for new SA, compared with the reference group external injuries, was fractures (9.58; 7.39-12.43). The injured body region with the highest OR for new SA, compared with the reference group head, face, and neck, was lower leg, ankle, foot, and other (4.52; 2.78-7.36). Conclusions: In this explorative nationwide study of the working-aged pedestrians injured in traffic-related accidents including falls, one fifth started a new SA spell >14 days. Fractures, internal injuries, collisions with motor vehicle, and falls related to snow and ice had the strongest associations with new SA.
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| 10. |
- Kjeldgård, Linnea, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Skadade fotgängare och bilister har högre sjukfrånvaro och sjuk- eller aktivitetsersättning flera år efter olyckan
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sammanställning av postrar från Transportforum 2024. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Att skadas i en trafikolycka kan påverka arbetsförmågan och leda till sjukskrivning och sjuk- eller aktivitetsersättning. Tidigare forskning om fotgängare och cyklister visar att ungefär en femtedel av de som skadats i en trafikolycka får en ny sjukskrivning, bland skadade bilister är det ungefär en tiondel. Dessutom har studier som följer personer över tid funnit heterogenitet i längd, omfattning och diagnos av sjukskrivning och sjuk- eller aktivitetsersättning under åren efter olyckan. Sjukskrivning och sjuk- elleraktivitetsersättning efter en trafikolycka har dock inte studerats i förhållande till personer som inte skadads i en trafikolycka. En rikstäckande registerbaserad studie genomfördes, där alla arbetande individer i åldern 20–59 år bosatta i Sverige som 2015 hade sluten- eller specialiserad öppenvård efter en ny trafikrelaterad skada (n=20 177) ingick. Till dessa individer matchades referenser utan en trafikrelaterad skada under 2014–2015 (matchade på: kön, ålder, utbildningsnivå, födelseland och boenderegion) (n=100 885). Nettodagar av diagnosspecifik sjukskrivning och sjuk- elleraktivitetsersättning per år (skade- och andra diagnoser) beräknads under fem år (ett år innan och fyra år efter olyckan). Medelantalet nettodagar samt genomsnittlig skillnad av (extra) dagar med sjukskrivning och sjuk- eller aktivitetsersättning per år för varje trafikantgrupp jämfört med matchade referenser beräknades med oberoende t-tester och bootstrapp 95 % konfidensintervall. En tredjedel av de skadade var cyklister, 31 % bilister, 16 % fotgängare (inklusive fallolyckor) och 19 % var övriga trafikanter (mestadels motorcyklister och mopedister). Fotgängare och andra trafikanter var de trafikantgrupper som hade högst medelantal sjukskrivningsdagar under det första året efter olyckan (51 respektive 49 dagar/år). De matchade referenserna hade mellan 8 och 13 sjukskrivningsdagar/år under hela studieperioden. Jämfört med de oskadade referenserna var den extra sjukskrivningen på grund av skadediagnoser 15-35 dagar/år under det första året efter olyckan. Extra sjukskrivning på grund av andra diagnoser (annat än skadediagnoser) var för fotgängare och bilister cirka åtta dagar/år under hela studieperioden och cirka noll för cyklisterna. Nästan ingen extra sjuk- eller aktivitetsersättning observerades, sjuk- eller aktivitetsersättning ökade något varje år för fotgängare och bilister, men inte för cyklisterna.
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