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- Arnardóttir, Ragnheiður Harpa, et al.
(författare)
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Interval training compared with continuous training in patients with COPD
- 2007
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 101:6, s. 1196-1204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to compare the effects of interval training (3-min intervals) with continuous training on peak exercise capacity (W peak), physiological response, functional capacity, dyspnoea, mental health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with moderate or severe COPD. Sixty patients exercised twice weekly for 16 weeks after randomisation to interval- or continuous training. Target intensity was 80% of baseline W peak in the interval group (I-group) and 65% in the continuous group (C-group). Patients were tested by spirometry, ergometer cycle test, cardiopulmonary test and a 12 min walk test. Dyspnoea was measured by the dyspnoea scale from Chronic Obstructive Disease Questionnaire (CRDQ), mental health by Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD) and HRQoL by the Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form 36 (SF-36). After training, W peak, peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) and exhaled carbon dioxide (VCO2 peak) increased significantly in both groups, no significant differences between the groups. Minute ventilation (VE peak) increased only in the C-group. At identical work rates (isotime) VO2, VCO2 and VE were significantly more decreased in the I-group than in the C-group (p<0.05). Functional capacity, dyspnoea, mental health, and HRQoL improved significantly in both groups, no difference between the groups. Interval training and continuous training were equally potent in improving peak exercise capacity, functional exercise capacity, dyspnoea, mental health and HRQoL in patients with moderate or severe COPD. At isotime, the physiological response to training differed between the groups, in favour of the interval training.
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- Arnardóttir, Ragnheiður Harpa, et al.
(författare)
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Peak exercise capacity estimated from incremental shuttle walking test in patients with COPD: A methodological study
- 2006
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Ingår i: Respiratory Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-9921 .- 1465-993X. ; 7, s. 127-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In patients with COPD, both laboratory exercise tests and field walking tests are used to assess physical performance. In laboratory tests, peak exercise capacity in watts ( W peak) and/or peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) are assessed, whereas the performance on walking tests usually is expressed as distance walked. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between an incremental shuttle walking test (ISWT) and two laboratory cycle tests in order to assess whether W peak could be estimated from an ISWT.Methods: Ninety-three patients with moderate or severe COPD performed an ISWT, an incremental cycle test (ICT) to measure W peak and a semi-steady-state cycle test with breath-by-breath gas exchange analysis (CPET) to measure VO2 peak. Routine equations for conversion between cycle tests were used to estimate W peak from measured VO2 peak (CPET). Conversion equation for estimation of W peak from ISWT was found by univariate regression.Results: There was a significant correlation between W peak and distance walked on ISWT x body weight (r=0.88, p<0.0001). The agreement between W peak measured by ICT and estimated from ISWT was similar to the agreement between measured W peak (ICT) and W peak estimated from measured VO2 peak by CPET.Conclusion: Peak exercise capacity measured by an incremental cycle test could be estimated from an ISWT with similar accuracy as when estimated from peak oxygen uptake in patients with COPD.
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- Arnardóttir, Ragnheiður Harpa, 1963-
(författare)
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Physical Training and Testing in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aims of the studies were to investigate the effects of different training modalities on exercise capacity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with moderate or severe COPD and, further, to explore two of the physical tests used in pulmonary rehabilitation.In study I, the 12-minute walking distance (12MWD) did not increase on retesting in patients with exercise-induced hypoxemia (EIH) whereas 12MWD increased significantly on retesting in the non-EIH patients. In study II, we found that the incremental shuttle walking test was as good a predictor of peak exercise capacity (W peak) as peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) is. In study III, we investigated the effects of two different combination training programmes when training twice a week for eight weeks. One programme was mainly based on endurance training (group A) and the other on resistance training and callisthenics (group B). W peak and 12MWD increased in group A but not in group B. HRQoL, anxiety and depression were unchanged in both groups. Ratings of perceived exertion at rest were significantly lower in group A than in group B after training and during 12 months of follow-up. Twelve months post-training, 12MWD was back to baseline in group A, but significantly shorter than at baseline in group B. Thus, a short endurance training intervention delayed decline in 12MWD for at least one year. Patients with moderate and severe COPD responded to training in the same way. In study IV, both interval and continuous endurance training increased W peak, VO2 peak, peak exhaled carbon dioxide (VCO2 peak) and 12MWD. Likewise, HRQoL, dyspnoea during activities of daily life, anxiety and depression improved similarly in both groups. At a fixed, submaximal workload (isotime), the interval training reduced oxygen cost and ventilatory demand significantly more than the continuous training did.
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- Asplund, Kjell, et al.
(författare)
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Relative risks for stroke by age, sex, and population based on follow-up of 18 European populations in the MORGAM Project
- 2009
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Ingår i: Stroke. - 0039-2499 .- 1524-4628. ; 40:7, s. 2319-2326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Within the framework of the MOnica Risk, Genetics, Archiving and Monograph (MORGAM) Project, the variations in impact of classical risk factors of stroke by population, sex, and age were analyzed. METHODS: Follow-up data were collected in 43 cohorts in 18 populations in 8 European countries surveyed for cardiovascular risk factors. In 93 695 persons aged 19 to 77 years and free of major cardiovascular disease at baseline, total observation years were 1 234 252 and the number of stroke events analyzed was 3142. Hazard ratios were calculated by Cox regression analyses. RESULTS: Each year of age increased the risk of stroke (fatal and nonfatal together) by 9% (95% CI, 9% to 10%) in men and by 10% (9% to 10%) in women. A 10-mm Hg increase in systolic blood pressure involved a similar increase in risk in men (28%; 24% to 32%) and women (25%; 20% to 29%). Smoking conferred a similar excess risk in women (104%; 78% to 133%) and in men (82%; 66% to 100%). The effect of increasing body mass index was very modest. Higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels decreased the risk of stroke more in women (hazard ratio per mmol/L 0.58; 0.49 to 0.68) than in men (0.80; 0.69 to 0.92). The impact of the individual risk factors differed somewhat between countries/regions with high blood pressure being particularly important in central Europe (Poland and Lithuania). CONCLUSIONS: Age, sex, and region-specific estimates of relative risks for stroke conferred by classical risk factors in various regions of Europe are provided. From a public health perspective, an important lesson is that smoking confers a high risk for stroke across Europe.
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- Ekstrand, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Solution Synthesis of Nano-Phase Nickel as Film and Porous Electrode
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology. - 0928-0707 .- 1573-4846. ; 19:1-3, s. 353-356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Routes to nano-phase nickel in the forms of highly porous sponges and dense films have been developed.Nickel acetate and nitrate were mixed with triethanolamine and methanol, and evaporated to a concentrated liquid.Heat-treatment at 10±C/min to 170±C under N2 atmosphere yielded a highly porous sponge consisting of <10 nmsized Ni crystallites. Deposition of a 1 M nickel precursor solution on polycrystalline Al2O3, SnO2 : F coated glassor titanium substrates spinning at 2700 rpm, followed by heat-treatment at 10±C/min to 400±C yielded smooth anddense nickel films consisting of 3–5 nm sized crystallites. The precursor concentrate was studied by FT-IR andthe phase development on heat-treatment was studied by thermogravimetric analysis, powder X-ray diffraction,scanning and transmission electron microscopy.
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- Elmberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Density dependent breeding success in mallards
- 2003
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Breeding success in wild mallards was studied on small eutrophic nemoral lakes in a two-year cross-over experiment in which wing-clipped conspecifics were added to increase pair density. The number of wild mallards that came to the lakes to nest (prior to introductions) did not differ between years. Introduction treatment led to a significant reduction in brood number in wild mallards, but it did not alter the number of stage 2+ ducklings finally produced on a lake. Introduction had no effect on lake utilization by broods, ducklings and non-breeding adults (cumulative days over the entire breeding season). Abundance of invertebrate prey differed greatly among lakes, but it did not correlate with breeding success. Breeding success was thus subject to sequential density-dependence; i.e. a lower number of broods still produced the same number of 2+ ducklings. We speculate that predation is the most likely process behind both patterns. We conclude that late and snapshot measures of duckling productivity may mask density dependent population processes of fundamental importance to regulation and harvest policy.
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- Elmberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Density dependent breeding success in mallards
- 2003
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Breeding success in wild mallards was studied on small eutrophic nemoral lakes in a two-year cross-over experiment in which wing-clipped conspecifics were added to increase pair density. The number of wild mallards that came to the lakes to nest (prior to introductions) did not differ between years. Introduction treatment led to a significant reduction in brood number in wild mallards, but it did not alter the number of stage 2+ ducklings finally produced on a lake. Introduction had no effect on lake utilization by broods, ducklings and non-breeding adults (cumulative days over the entire breeding season). Abundance of invertebrate prey differed greatly among lakes, but it did not correlate with breeding success. Breeding success was thus subject to sequential density-dependence; i.e. a lower number of broods still produced the same number of 2+ ducklings. We speculate that predation is the most likely process behind both patterns. We conclude that late and snapshot measures of duckling productivity may mask density dependent population processes of fundamental importance to regulation and harvest policy.
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