| 1. |
- Forsberg, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Colonoscopy findings in high-risk individuals compared to an average-risk control population
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 50:7, s. 866-874
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: There is clear evidence of reduced morbidity and mortality from regular colonoscopy programs in patients with Lynch syndrome (LS). Today, also individuals with empirically increased risks of colorectal cancer (CRC) are offered colonoscopic surveillance. The aim was to compare the findings at the first screening colonoscopy in LS carriers, and individuals with an increased risk of bowel cancer due to family history of CRC with a control population. Methods: Altogether 1397 individuals with an increased risk for CRC were divided in four risk groups: one with LS carriers and three groups with individuals with different family history of CRC. The findings were compared between the different risk groups and a control group consisting of 745 individuals from a control population who took part in a population-based colonoscopy study. Results: In LS, 30% of the individuals had adenomas and 10% advanced adenomas. The corresponding figures in the other risk groups were 14-24% and 4-7%, compared with 10% and 3% in the control group. The relative risk of having adenomas and advanced adenomas was, compared to controls, significantly higher for all risk groups except the group with the lowest risk. Age was a strong predictor for adenomas and advanced adenomas in both risk individuals and controls. Conclusions: Individuals with a family history of CRC have a high prevalence and cumulative risk of adenomas and advanced adenomas, and screening is motivated also in this risk group.
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| 2. |
- Ingvarsson, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Bioarchaeological field analysis of human remains from the mass graves at Phaleron, Greece
- 2019
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Ingår i: Opuscula. - : Editorial Committee of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome (ECSI). - 2000-0898. ; 12, s. 7-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2016, archaeological excavations undertaken by the Ephorate of Antiquities of West Attica, Piraeus and Islands 3.8 km south-west of Athens, Greece, revealed mass burials of 79 skeletons in three rows. The burials are dated to the 7th century BC. The anthropological field documentation was undertaken by The Swedish Institute of Athens, and followed established bioarchaeological protocols regarding taphonomic processes, age, sex, injuries, and pathological changes. The descriptions and interpretations should be regarded as preliminary field observations. A majority of the individuals were young adult or juvenile males, most of them without signs of active disease and with a generally good oral health status, but with corroded iron shackles around their wrists. Cause of death could not be determined although extensive and likely perimortem fractures were observed. The only object related to injury and/or possible cause of death was an arrowhead found in the chest of one of the skeletons. Why and where the individuals were killed is a matter of conjecture; the observations from the field documentation neither validate, nor disprove the hypothesis that these individuals were captives and victims of the socalled "Cylonian conspiracy" in the 7th century BC.
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| 3. |
- Niskanen, Markku, et al.
(författare)
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Scandinavia and Finland
- 2018
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Ingår i: Skeletal Variation and Adaptation in Europeans. - Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell. - 9781118627969 - 9781118628430 ; , s. 355-396
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter focuses on Scandinavia, Finland, and adjacent regions of Northwest Russia (Karelia and the Kola Peninsula). Urbanization commenced relatively late in Scandinavia and Finland. The chapter examines temporal trends in body size and shape within Scandinavia and Finland across all time periods, followed by comparisons with other Europeans as well as other comparisons dealing with the Neolithic period Pitted Ware culture (PWC foragers), urban‐rural differences, and sexual dimorphism. The Neolithic PWC foragers are more similar to the Mesolithic foragers than to the Neolithic farmers in relative long bone bending strength. The PWC are a special case because, although foragers, they lived during the Scandinavian Middle Neolithic and were contemporary with Neolithic farmers. The chapter presents comparisons between Scandinavians and other Europeans in size‐standardized cross‐sectional properties for femoral A‐P and M‐L bending strengths, and torsional/average bending strengths of right and left humeri.
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| 4. |
- Östberg, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of social deprivation on dental caries in Swedish children and adolescents, as measured by an index for primary health care: The Care Need Index.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Community dentistry and oral epidemiology. - : Wiley. - 1600-0528 .- 0301-5661. ; 45:3, s. 233-241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective was to examine associations between a primary Care Need Index (CNI) and dental caries experience.Dental journal records for 300 988 individuals in western Sweden, aged 3-19 years in 2007-09, were completed with official socioeconomic information. The CNI (independent variable), originally developed for assessing primary care need, was calculated for residential areas (small areas, parishes, dental clinics) based on markers of material deprivation, sociodemographic characteristics, social instability and cultural needs. Dental caries (dependent variable) was registered using the decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) system. Multilevel Poisson regression and logistic regression models were used. All analyses were adjusted for age and gender.In the most deprived areas, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) for dental caries was up to five times higher than in the most affluent areas (reference); in small areas, the IRR for decayed teeth (DT) was 3.74 (95% CI: 3.39-4.12) and 5.11 (CI: 4.45-5.87) for decayed surfaces approximally (DSa). Caries indices including fillings (decayed filled teeth [DFT], decayed filled surfaces approximally [DFSa]) produced lower IRRs, with similar pictures at the parish and dental clinic level. The intracluster correlation was low overall, but stronger at lower geographical levels. The odds ratios for ≥3 caries lesions in the two most deprived areas of the CNI deciles were high, with a DT OR of 3.55 in small areas (95% CI: 3.39-3.73), compared with the eight more affluent deciles.There were strong associations between an index for assessing need in primary care, the CNI and dental caries in Swedish children and adolescents.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Alfsdotter, Clara, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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The Sandby Borg Massacre : Interpersonal Violence and the Demography of the Dead
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Archaeology. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1461-9571 .- 1741-2722. ; 22:2, s. 210-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During excavations of the Iron Age ringfort of Sandby borg (ad 400-550), the remains of twenty-six unburied bodies were encountered inside and outside the buildings. The skeletons and the archaeological record indicate that after the individuals had died the ringfort was deserted. An osteological investigation and trauma analysis were conducted according to standard anthropological protocols. The osteological analysis identified only men, but individuals of all ages were represented. Eight individuals (31 per cent) showed evidence of perimortem trauma that was sharp, blunt, and penetrating, consistent with interpersonal violence. The location of the bodies and the trauma pattern appear to indicate a massacre rather than a battle. The 'efficient trauma' distribution (i.e. minimal but effective violence), the fact that the bodies were not manipulated, combined with the archaeological context, suggest that the perpetrators were numerous and that the assault was carried out effectively. The contemporary sociopolitical situation was seemingly turbulent and the suggested motive behind the massacre was to gain power and control.
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| 7. |
- Arcini, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Living conditions in times of plague
- 2015
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Ingår i: Environment, Society and the Black Death. - : Oxbow Books. - 9781785700545
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Björk Brämberg, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Access to primary and specialized somatic health care for persons with severe mental illness: a qualitative study of perceived barriers and facilitators in Swedish health care
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMC Family Practice. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2296. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Persons with severe mental illness (e.g. schizophrenia, bipolar disorder) have a high prevalence of somatic conditions compared to the general population. Mortality data in the Nordic countries reveal that these persons die 15-20 years earlier than the general population. Some factors explaining this high prevalence may be related to the individuals in question; others arise from the health care system's difficulty in offering somatic health care to these patient groups. The aim of the present study was therefore to explore the experiences and views of patients, relatives and clinicians regarding individual and organizational factors which facilitate or hinder access to somatic health care for persons with severe mental illness. Methods: Flexible qualitative design. Data was collected by means of semi-structured individual interviews with patients with severe mental illness, relatives and clinicians representing primary and specialized health care. In all, 50 participants participated. Results: The main barrier to accessing somatic care is the gap between the organization of the health care system and the patients' individual health care needs. This is observed at both individual and organizational level. The health care system seems unable to support patients with severe mental illness and their psychiatric-somatic comorbidity. The main facilitators are the links between severe mental illness patients and medical departments. These links take the form of functions (i.e. systems which ensure that patients receive regular reminders), or persons (i.e. professional contacts who facilitate patients' access the health care). Conclusions: Health care services for patients with severe mental illness need reorganization. Organizational structures and systems that facilitate cooperation between different departments must be put in place, along with training for health care professionals about somatic disease among psychiatric patients. The links between individual and organizational levels could be strengthened by introducing professional contacts, such as liaison physicians and case managers. This is also important to reduce stress and responsibility among relatives.
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| 9. |
- Bus, Magdalena M., et al.
(författare)
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Mitochondrial DNA analysis of a Viking age mass grave in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Forensic Science International. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-4973 .- 1878-0326. ; 42, s. 268-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 1998, a Viking Age mass grave was discovered and excavated at St. Laurence's churchyard in Sigtuna, Sweden. The excavated bones underwent osteoarchaeological analysis and were assigned to at least 19 individuals. Eleven skeletons showed sharp force trauma from bladed weapons. Mass graves are an unusual finding from this time period, making the burial context extraordinary. To investigate a possible maternal kinship among the individuals, bones and teeth from the skeletal remains were selected for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis. Sanger sequencing of short stretches of the hypervariable segments I and II (HVS-I and HVS-II) was performed. A subset of the samples was also analysed by massively parallel sequencing analysis (MPS) of the entire mtDNA genome using the Precision ID mtDNA Whole Genome Panel. A total of 15 unique and three shared mtDNA profiles were obtained. Based on a combination of genetic and archaeological data, we conclude that a minimum of 20 individuals was buried in the mass grave. The majority of the individuals were not maternally related. However, two possible pairs of siblings or mother-child relationships were identified. All individuals were assigned to West Eurasian haplogroups, with a predominance of haplogroup H. Although the remains showed an advanced level of DNA degradation, the combined use of Sanger sequencing and MPS with the Precision ID mtDNA Whole Genome Panel revealed at least partial mtDNA data for all samples.
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