| 1. |
- Andreasson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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An Increasing Incidence of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders Over 23 Years : A Prospective Population-Based Study in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: American Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0002-9270 .- 1572-0241. ; 116:1, s. 210-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: We hypothesized that the prevalence of functional dyspepsia and gastroesophageal reflux disease in the community may be increasing.METHODS: Randomly selected adults were surveyed on 4 occasions: 1988 (n = 1,151, 21–79 years, response rate [rr] = 90%), 1989 (n = 1,097, 22–80 years, rr = 87%), 1995 (n = 1,139, 20–85 years, rr = 76%), and 2011 (n = 1,175, 20–93 years, rr = 63%).RESULTS: In functional dyspepsia, the odds of postprandial distress syndrome tripled over 23 years' follow-up (odds ratio [OR]: 3.55; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.60–4.84, mixed-effect regression analysis), whereas a small decrease in epigastric pain syndrome was observed (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.42–1.00). The odds of reporting gastroesophageal reflux disease doubled (OR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.50–2.73).DISCUSSION: The underlying mechanisms behind the increase in postprandial distress syndrome and gastroesophageal reflux disease remain to be determined.
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| 2. |
- Grimby-Ekman, Anna, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction models for planning health care resources. During the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic 2020
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, has emphasized a need for planning health care resources based on only a few aggregated data points and little knowledge of the data-generating process. In the first part of the report, we present the process of our work in spring 2020 during the first wave and especially during the first part with the high demands on health care resources. In the second part of the report, we discuss the logistic growth model (LGM), one of our models used to predict the peak height and the peak timing. We present some different approaches to use the LGM, and compare these to a different data set, Belgium data. For the Swedish regional data, the LGM on raw observations gave a good estimate on the peak height. The adjusted LGM, using cumulative new inpatient beds, fitted the Swedish regional data to a satisfying degree. For the Belgium data, the LGM on raw observations gave a good estimate on peak height and timing. The adjusted LGM, using cumulative new inpatient beds, did not work for the Belgium data as it gave a too early peak time and a too low peak height. The experience from our work, in combination with now existing literature, the process in a similar future situation would include better knowledge on how to find and combine data to get as reliable forecasts as possible and to use creativity in combination with theoretical competence.
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| 3. |
- Hedenstierna-Jonson, Charlotte, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Viking Mobility in the Baltic Sea Region
- 2020
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Ingår i: Viking Encounters. - Aarhus : Aarhus University Press. - 978 87 7184 265 4 ; , s. 57-66
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tough mobility and migration could be regarded as diagnostic features of the Viking Age, it is not possible to generalize and treat the Viking World as a homogenous society. Patterns of mobility and migration were linked to social structures and contexts. Studying the composition of the material culture within a site or individual context has been the prevailing method within archaeology to approach issues of mobility. Although this approach has acknowledged restrictions, it has been the method at hand. However, migration and mobility are not necessarily reflected in the material culture, meaning other approaches are called for. The first question to ask is: what variations in mobility patterns between urban and rural contexts are there, and are there indications of significant differences between various geographical regions? Even between sites characterized as trading posts (i.e. not rural), with similar material evidence of long-distance trade and advanced crafts, we might have significant differences, relating to the seasonal or permanent character of the site. In the following paper, we present the results from strontium isotope analyses on archaeological materials from a number of Viking-Age sites within present-day Sweden. The results of the analyses conducted within the ATLAS project will be compared to other isotope studies from Scandinavia, and discussed in relation to local, regional and supra-regional contexts. On a more local level, the possible cultural influence of migrants is investigated.
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| 4. |
- Hedenstierna-Jonson, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Viking Mobility in the Baltic Sea Region
- 2020
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Ingår i: Viking encounters. - Aarhus : Aarhus Universitetsforlag. - 9788771842654 ; , s. 61-70
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Hugerth, Luisa W., et al.
(författare)
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No distinct microbiome signature of irritable bowel syndrome found in a Swedish random population
- 2020
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Ingår i: Gut. - : BMJ. - 0017-5749 .- 1468-3288. ; 69:6, s. 1076-1084
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective The ethiopathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is unknown. While a link to the gut microbiome is postulated, the heterogeneity of the healthy gut makes it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. We aimed to describe the faecal and mucosa-associated microbiome (MAM) and health correlates on a community cohort of healthy and IBS individuals with no colonoscopic findings.Design The PopCol study recruited a random sample of 3556 adults; 745 underwent colonoscopy. IBS was defined by Rome IV criteria and organic disease excluded. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted on sigmoid biopsy samples from 376 representative individuals (63 IBS cases) and faecal samples from 185 individuals (32 IBS cases).Results While sigmoid MAM was dominated by Lachnospiraceae, faeces presented a higher relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae. Microbial richness in MAM was linearly correlated to that in faeces from the same individual (R-2=0.255, p<3E-11) as was diversity (R-2=0.06, p=0.0022). MAM diversity decreased with increasing body mass index (BMI; Pearson's r=-0.1, p=0.08) and poorer self-rated health (r=-0.15, p=0.007), but no other health correlates. Faecal microbiome diversity was correlated to stool consistency (r=-0.16, p=0.043). Several taxonomic groups were correlated to age, BMI, depression and self-reported health, including Coprococcus catus associated with lower levels of depression (r=-0.003, p=0.00017). The degree of heterogeneity observed between IBS patients is higher than that observed between healthy individuals.Conclusions No distinct microbial signature was observed in IBS. Individuals presenting with low self-rated health or high BMI have lower gut microbiome richness.
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| 6. |
- Rutgersson, Anna, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Natural hazards and extreme events in the Baltic Sea region
- 2022
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Ingår i: Earth System Dynamics. - : Copernicus Publications. - 2190-4979 .- 2190-4987. ; 13:1, s. 251-301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A natural hazard is a naturally occurring extreme event that has a negative effect on people and society or the environment. Natural hazards may have severe implications for human life and can potentially generate economic losses and damage ecosystems. A better understanding of their major causes, probability of occurrence, and consequences enables society to be better prepared to save human lives as well as to invest in adaptation options. Natural hazards related to climate change are identified as one of the Grand Challenges in the Baltic Sea region. Here, we summarize existing knowledge about extreme events in the Baltic Sea region with a focus on the past 200 years as well as on future climate scenarios. The events considered here are the major hydro-meteorological events in the region and include wind storms, extreme waves, high and low sea levels, ice ridging, heavy precipitation, sea-effect snowfall, river floods, heat waves, ice seasons, and drought. We also address some ecological extremes and the implications of extreme events for society (phytoplankton blooms, forest fires, coastal flooding, offshore infrastructure, and shipping). Significant knowledge gaps are identified, including the response of large-scale atmospheric circulation to climate change and also concerning specific events, for example, the occurrence of marine heat waves and small-scale variability in precipitation. Suggestions for future research include the further development of high-resolution Earth system models and the potential use of methodologies for data analysis (statistical methods and machine learning). With respect to the expected impacts of climate change, changes are expected for sea level, extreme precipitation, heat waves and phytoplankton blooms (increase), and cold spells and severe ice winters (decrease). For some extremes (drying, river flooding, and extreme waves), the change depends on the area and time period studied.
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| 7. |
- Talley, Nicholas J., et al.
(författare)
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Role of smoking in functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome : three random population-based studies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 54:1, s. 32-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is uncertain if functional dyspepsia (FD) or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are linked to smoking, and smoking cessation is not part of the routine advice provided to these patients.Aim: To assess if smoking is an independent risk factor for FD and IBS.Methods: Three population-based endoscopy studies in Sweden with 2560 community individuals in total (mean age 51.5 years, 46% male). IBS (14.9%), FD (33.5%), and associated symptoms were assessed using the validated abdominal symptom questionnaire, and smoking (17.9%) was obtained from standardised questions during a clinic visit. The effect of smoking on symptom status was analysed in an individual person data meta-analysis using mixed effect logistic regression, adjusted for snuffing, age and sex.Results: Individuals smoking cigarettes reported significantly higher odds of postprandial distress syndrome (FD-PDS) (OR 10-19 cig/day = 1.42, 95% CI 1.04-1.98 P = 0.027, OR ≥20 cig/day = 2.16, 95% CI 1.38-3.38, P = 0.001) but not epigastric pain. Individuals smoking 20 or more cigarettes per day reported significantly higher odds of IBS-diarrhoea (OR = 2.40, 95% CI 1.12-5.16, P = 0.025), diarrhoea (OR = 2.01, 95%CI 1.28-3.16, P = 0.003), urgency (OR = 2.21, 95%CI 1.41-3.47, P = 0.001) and flatus (OR = 1.77, 95%CI 1.14-2.76, P = 0.012) than non-smokers. Smoking was not associated with IBS-constipation or IBS-mixed.Conclusion: Smoking is an important environmental risk factor for postprandial distress syndrome, the most common FD subgroup, with over a twofold increased odds of PDS in heavy smokers. The role of smoking in IBS-diarrhoea, but not constipation, is also likely important.
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| 8. |
- Ahlin Sundman, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Medieval Masculinities and Violence : Weapon-Related Trauma in Skeletal Assemblages from Two Religious Houses in Iceland and Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Journal of Archaeology. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1461-9571 .- 1741-2722. ; 23:4, s. 567-584
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has shown that physical violence had a normative presence in medieval Nordic societies. In this study, weapon-related trauma (WRT) was examined in human skeletal assemblages from two religious houses, Skriouklaustur in Iceland, and Vasteras in Sweden. The aims were to identify patterns of WRT and to relate these to the masculinities of different groups of men. Violence was a prominent component of identity among lay men, especially for men with warrior experience. The use of violence was more problematic among clerics. The hypothesis that these notions of ideal masculine behaviour would affect the ways in which masculinities were enacted and would be reflected in the patterns of WRT was borne out by the results of this study. No WRT was identified among the canons and lay brothers in Skriouklaustur, but it was present in about thirty per cent of the males interpreted as belonging to the lay elite buried in the northern part of the church at Vasteras.
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| 9. |
- Alfsdotter, Clara, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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A Taphonomic Interpretation of the Postmortem Fate of the Victims Following the Massacre at Sandby Borg, Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Bioarchaeology International. - Gainesville, FL : University of Florida Press. - 2472-8357 .- 2472-8349. ; 3:4, s. 262-282
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the ringfort Sandby borg (A.D. 400–550) on Öland, Sweden, remains of 26 unburied humans were excavated between 2010 and 2016. Several of the skeletons display traces of lethal interpersonal violence. This study presents taphonomic analyses of unburied bodies, a situation seldom encountered archaeologically. The depositional context allows us to investigate human taphonomy in interaction with natural agents both “indoors” and “outdoors.” A set of various techniques, including documentation of preservation via zoning, weathering stages, fracture analysis, and archaeothanatology, were applied to understand the perimortem and postmortem fate of the human remains. The results of the taphonomic analysis showed no indications of manipulation postmortem. Expected differences in preservation between in-and outdoor skeletons were not observed. Perimortem fire alterations were interpreted as the result of burning hearths and smoldering roofs. The analysis indicates that the bodies have decomposed in voids. New observations for “unconfined void” taphonomy are presented. The abduction of limbs could be the result of bloating and, hence, indicate a primary deposit of bodies. Atypical lack of splaying of bones might be caused by decomposition in unconfined voids, possibly allowing quicker drainage of putrefaction liquids than in confined voids such as coffins. These observations suggest that processes behind decomposition in voids are not completely understood archaeologically, and might challenge interpretations of mortuary treatment from human remains.
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| 10. |
- Avby, Gunilla, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Shaping leadership development systems to the work context
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper seeks to identify patterns of leadership development in different organization contexts with the aim of contributing to improved understanding of how the context shapes the leadership development system (LDS).Design/methodology/approach: This study is based on the initial phase of a 4-year collaborative research project on LDSs. Data was collected in the five collaborative partner organizations and based on four data sources: 1) company visits; 2) internal documentation; 3) external information (websites); and 4) company presentations at an on-line workshop.Findings: The results show a strong focus on individual leader development, and at least partly, confirms the under-use of developmental assignments and relationships as shown in previous studies. All organizations outsource leadership development to different degrees. However, leadership development is not only structured through different methods, it is also dependent on the organization context in the form of leader forums and meetings. An identified pattern is that the smaller organizations are more dependent on external resources, and the larger organizations tailor company-wide programs for their unique needs together with external consultants. Furthermore, the LDS is believed to be an effective change agent in the adaptive process of transforming.Originality: This study contributes to the research on leadership development by advancing the current understanding of how leadership development interacts with the context of the organization.Practical implications: This study highlights the need for leaders and HR professionals to acknowledge contextual issues when choosing practices used for developing the leadership in the organization.
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