| 1. |
- Klamberg, Mark, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Recharacterisation of Charges in International Criminal Trials
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Festskrift till Christian Diesen. - Stockholm : Norstedts Juridik AB. - 9789139018032 ; , s. 327-345
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The text examines under what circumstances judges during trial may deviate from and recharacterize the charges. Depending on the legal tradition of a given country, the answer to these questions may vary. This test studies different traditions and procedural models as well as what is required under human rights law, as defined and interpreted in regional regimes and UN bodies. Finally, the text discusses and critically analyzes decisions and judgments from the International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Court (ICC) where the judges have recharacterized the chargesduring trial.
|
|
| 2. |
- Klamberg, Mark, 1975-
(författare)
-
Article 64 Functions and powers of the Trial Chamber
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Code of International Criminal Law and Procedure, annotated. - Bryssel : Larcier. - 9782804452384 - 2804452387
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Comment on article 64 of the Rome Statute, Functions and powers of the Trial Chamber
|
|
| 3. |
- Klamberg, Mark, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Crimes Against Humanity in Western Sahara : The Case Against Morocco
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Juridisk Publikation. - Stockholm. - 2000-2920 .- 2002-3537. ; :2, s. 175-199
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Western Sahara is occupied by Morocco. The referendum on the territory’s final status set forth by the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) has repeatedly been postponed and the so far brokered proposals have been rejected by both parties. Since the Moroccan occupation the Saharawis have been continuously repressed through arbitrary arrests, enforced disappearances, and attacks of the civilian population, persecution and oppression of peaceful demonstrations. The violation of fundamental human rights is an ongoing issue. It is argued that these violations may constitute crimes against humanity, further on this article suggests that the international community should act as soon as possible to end Moroccan impunity and to make greater efforts for a just and lasting solution of the question of Western Sahara.
|
|
| 4. |
- Klamberg, Mark, 1975-
(författare)
-
Evidence in International Criminal Procedure : Confronting Legal Gaps and the Reconstruction of Disputed Events
- 2012
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study examines the difficulties in establishing a universal code of procedural law governing international criminal trials and fact-finding. It covers five procedural systems: the military tribunals of Nuremberg and Tokyo, the ad hoc tribunals for former Yugoslavia and Rwanda and the International Criminal Court. The basis for the comparison are specific procedural activities common to the five procedural systems, including evaluation, collection, disclosure, admissibility and presentation of evidence.Certain general principles of law are applicable to evidence. However, the judges tend to favour one type of legal system (either adversarial or inquisitorial) when they identify general principles of national law which run counter to the concept of this source of law. The practice of the modern two-tiered systems suggests that pre-trial and trial judges are bound or at least guided by decisions of the Appeals Chamber. In comparison with international law in general, international criminal procedure is thus a sui generis legal system as regards the status of legal precedents. The balance between crime control, fair trial, expeditious proceedings, state sovereignty, truth-seeking, victims’ participation and witnesses and victims protection may vary. No abstract procedural model (either adversarial or inquisitorial) can be applied in its entirety to an existing procedural framework. Instead, the proceedings are mixed and in relation to a specific procedural activity one model may be more relevant as a tool of analysis than another. The concept of “robustness” is used to discuss quantity in addition to concepts that deal with quality, including “probative value” and “weight”. Finally, the method involving exclusion of every reasonable hypothesis of innocence is examined as one of several analytical steps that may contribute to the systematic evaluation of evidence.
|
|
| 5. |
- Klamberg, Mark, 1975-
(författare)
-
Evidence in International Criminal Trials : Confronting Legal Gaps and the Reconstruction of Disputed Events
- 2013
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study examines the difficulties in establishing a universal code of procedural law governing international criminal trials and fact-finding. It covers eight procedural systems: the military tribunals of Nuremberg and Tokyo, the ad hoc tribunals for former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, the Mechanism for International Criminal Tribunals, the UN-supported Khmer Rouge Trials, the Special Court for Sierra Leone and the International Criminal Court. The basis for the comparison are specific procedural activities common to the five procedural systems, including evaluation, collection, disclosure, admissibility and presentation of evidence.Certain general principles of law are applicable to evidence. However, the judges tend to favour one type of legal system (either adversarial or inquisitorial) when they identify general principles of national law which run counter to the concept of this source of law. The practice of the modern two-tiered systems suggests that pre-trial and trial judges are bound or at least guided by decisions of the Appeals Chamber. In comparison with international law in general, international criminal procedure is thus a sui generis legal system as regards the status of legal precedents. The balance between crime control, fair trial, expeditious proceedings, state sovereignty, truth-seeking, victims’ participation and witnesses and victims protection may vary. No abstract procedural model (either adversarial or inquisitorial) can be applied in its entirety to an existing procedural framework. Instead, the proceedings are mixed and in relation to a specific procedural activity one model may be more relevant as a tool of analysis than another. The concept of “robustness” is used to discuss quantity in addition to concepts that deal with quality, including “probative value” and “weight”. Finally, the method involving exclusion of every reasonable hypothesis of innocence is examined as one of several analytical steps that may contribute to the systematic evaluation of evidence.
|
|
| 6. |
- Klamberg, Mark, 1975-
(författare)
-
FRA and the European Convention on Human Rights : A Paradigm Shift in Swedish Electronic Surveillance Law
- 2010
-
Ingår i: <em>Overvåking i en rettstat</em>. - Bergen : Fagbokforlaget. - 9788245010480 ; , s. 99-134
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Electronic surveillance law is subject to a paradigm shift where traditional principles are reconsidered and the notion of privacy has to be reconstructed. This paradigm shift is the result of four major changes in our society with regard to 1) technology; 2) perceptions of threats, 3) interpretation of human rights and 4) ownership over telecommunications. The above-mentioned changes have created a need to reform both the tools of electronic surveillance and domestic legislation. Surveillance that was previously kept secret is now subject to public debate. The article focuses on systems of “mass surveillance” such as data retention and signal intelligence and whether these are consistent with the European Convention on Human Rights.
|
|
| 7. |
- Klamberg, Mark, 1975-
(författare)
-
Gränsdragningen mellan utlänningslagen och svensk straffrätt beträffande internationella brott
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Juridisk Tidskrift. - 1100-7761. ; :2, s. 286-293
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Utlänningslagen ger flyktingar, alternativt skyddsbehövande och övriga skyddsbehövande som befinner sig i Sverige rätt till uppehållstillstånd. Det finns en uteslutandebestämmelse som anger att en utlänning är utesluten från att anses som flykting om det finns synnerlig anledning att anta att han eller hon har gjort sig skyldig till brott mot freden, krigsförbrytelse, brott mot mänskligheten eller gjort sig skyldig till gärningar som strider mot Förenta Nationernas syften och grundsatser. Bestämmelserna i utlänningslagen kan skapa två gränsdragningsproblem mot såväl folkrätten som den svenska straffrätten. För det första, utlänningsrättens definition av väpnad konflikt vad avser alternativt och övriga skyddsbehövande överensstämmer inte i alla delar med den definition som används inom folkrätten och svensk straffrätt. För det andra, de brott som kan föranleda uteslutande enligt utlänningslagen återfinns endast delvis i svensk straffrätt. Denna text förklarar varför dessa gränsdragningsproblem uppkommit, möjliga utmaningar för berörda myndigheter och en rekommendation hur dessa utmaningar ska hanteras.
|
|
| 8. |
- Klamberg, Mark, 1975-
(författare)
-
Gränsdragningen mellan utlänningslagen och svensk straffrätt beträffande internationellabrott
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Juridisk Tidskrift. - Stockholm. - 1100-7761. ; :2, s. 286-293
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Utlänningslagen ger flyktingar, alternativt skyddsbehövande och övriga skyddsbehövande som befinner sig i Sverige rätt till uppehållstillstånd. Det finns en uteslutandebestämmelse som anger att en utlänning är utesluten från att anses som flykting om det finns synnerlig anledning att anta att han eller hon har gjort sig skyldig till brott mot freden, krigsförbrytelse, brott mot mänskligheten eller gjort sig skyldig till gärningar som strider mot Förenta Nationernas syften och grundsatser. Bestämmelserna i utlänningslagen kan skapa två gränsdragningsproblem mot såväl folkrätten som den svenska straffrätten. För det första, utlänningsrättens definition av väpnad konflikt vad avser alternativt och övriga skyddsbehövande överensstämmer inte i alla delar med den definition som används inom folkrätten och svensk straffrätt. För det andra, de brott som kan föranleda uteslutande enligt utlänningslagen återfinns endast delvis i svensk straffrätt. Denna text förklarar varför dessa gränsdragningsproblem uppkommit, möjliga utmaningar för berörda myndigheter och en rekommendation hur dessa utmaningar ska hanteras.
|
|
| 9. |
- Klamberg, Mark, 1975-
(författare)
-
International Law in the Age of Asymmetrical Warfare, Virtual Cockpits and Autonomous Robots
- 2014
-
Ingår i: International Law and Changing Perceptions of Security. - Leiden, Boston : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. - 9789004274587 - 9789004274570 ; , s. 152-170
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAVs) in the context of counterterrorism operations challenges the traditional conception of security, it is a change in the perception of nature and sources of threats. This text focuses on some of the most contentious issues. First, will the use of UCAVs affect how we perceive state intervention in the territory of other states? Second, the US use UCAVs to target enemies as a part of its counterterrorism operations. This has raised several concerns, including a discussion on the relevant legal framework. Should counterterrorism operate under the armed-conflict or law enforcement model? Under what circumstances are targeted killings allowed under international law? This discussion is influenced by the fact that almost all targeted killings are directed against non-State actors and generally carried out while the targeted person is not visibly engaged in active combat. The use of drones and other robotic weapons concerns human rights law, humanitarian law and the law on the use of force. All three bodies of law may be applicable to a situation, each of them regulates different aspects of the use of force. It is argued as not necessary to adopt new, specific rules on drones. Missiles launched by a drone present the same legal issues as any other weapon system, the principles of necessity, distinction, proportionality and precaution still applies. To the extent drones at the present time are used in an illegitimate manner is rather a question of non-compliance with the existing law, less an absence of adequate rules. However, a different approach may be justified when it comes to autonomous weapons systems capable of taking targeting decisions. It is arguably the military commander deploying such systems that have the ultimate responsibility.
|
|
| 10. |
- Klamberg, Mark, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
The Chilling Effect of Counter-Terrorism Measures : A Comparative Analysis of Electronic Surveillance Laws in Europe and the USA
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Freedom of Expression. - Oisterwijk : Wolf Legal Publishers. - 9789058508836 ; , s. 463-481
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electronic surveillance is an important tool for law enforcement and may contribute to counter-terrorism efforts. The present article examines, from a comparative privacy perspective, systems of electronic surveillance which involves the retention and/or access of large quantities of data and/or communication. This includes data retention of traffic data and signals intelligence, the latter occasionally described as mass surveillance or strategic monitoring. It is concluded that the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution offers a greater protection than Article 8 of the European Convention for the protection of Human Rights (ECHR) to the extent that searches and seizures require probable cause and a warrant. This requires that the measure is covered by the notions “search” or “seizure”, which may explain why law enforcement agencies which use warrant-less surveillance tend to define the notions “search” or “seizure” narrowly. This has implications for the content/non-content distinction. The constitutional protection under the Fourth Amendment has an all-or-nothing character. In comparison, Article 8 of the ECHR does not require probable cause and warrant but it has a broader scope. Thus, there is no problem to expand the scope and protection of Article 8 to content as well as traffic data.
|
|
