| 1. |
- Bådagård, Lovisa, et al.
(författare)
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The Gatekeeper of the ICC : Prosecutorial Strategies for Selecting Situations and Cases at the International Criminal Court
- 2017
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Ingår i: Georgetown Journal of International Law. - 1550-5200. ; 48:3, s. 639-733
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Office of the Prosecutor (OTP) of the International Criminal Court (ICC) has a unique role in the proceedings before the Court. It is the organ primarily tasked with choosing among the numerous situations and cases under the Court’s jurisdiction. The legal criteria for situation and case selection, provided in the Rome Statute and related regulations, are relatively open as to allow the Prosecutor a considerable degree of discretion. In order to guide this discretion, the Office of the Prosecutor has developed certain policies and strategies. Prosecutorial policy and strategy stands, almost by definition, at a crossroads between law and politics. This Article identifies strategic choices of the OTP in situation and case selection and analyzes them in relation to the ICC’s objectives. There are tensions between the need for predictability and legal certainty on the one hand and for pragmatism and case-by-case flexibility on the other hand. The Article finds that the OTP is downplaying its own discretion by emphasizing the legalistic and apolitical character of its decision-making and bringing the objectives of ending impunity, preventing crimes, and providing redress to victims to the fore. The objectives of restoring peace and security and of contributing to a historical record have been secondary to the OTP’s strategic choices.
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| 2. |
- Deland, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Humanitarian Law and Justice. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 9781138477551 - 9781351104449 ; , s. 1-6
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book discusses the importance and value of historicizing international law in general. It is concerned with specific rules and concepts in the international humanitarian law field. The book includes internal and external modes of theorizing, theories of evolution and how changes can be understood in the context of legal gaps and fault lines. It argues that the issue of law and emotions is basically a way to acknowledge the limits of analytical abstractions and rational choice models. The book sets out the difference between how legal historians approach general history compared to how general historians take account of legal history. It reconnects to the structure versus agency debate in acknowledging that while legal history as an academic discipline initially had a structural focus, general history was well into the 20th century more focused on individual actors.
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| 3. |
- Klamberg, Mark, 1975-
(författare)
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Commentary on the Law of the International Criminal Court
- 2017
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Commentary on the Law of the International Criminal Court (CLICC) provides a provision-by-provision analysis of the Rome Statute and the Rules of Procedure and Evidence of the International Criminal Court. It is available as a book in hardcopy, an e-book and as an online commentary. It enables the user to find case-law, doctrine and comments efficiently and without cost.
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| 4. |
- Klamberg, Mark, 1975-
(författare)
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Evolution of Rules and Concepts in International Humanitarian Law : Navigating through Legal Gaps and Fault-lines
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Humanitarian Law and Justice. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 9781138477551 - 9781351104449 ; , s. 79-84
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter is concerned with specific rules and concepts in the field of international humanitarian law (IHL). IHL, as most other fields of law, attempts to categorize different situations, which subsequently determine the applicable rules. Among internal theories such as theories of essence, possibility, operation and implementation, one could with a historical perspective consider theories of evolution, a cyclical theory of history and discontinuity in history. Among the external theories, one may find those who challenge the continued relevance of the "war" model that assumes wars are between sovereigns on a battlefield with clearly defined geographical and temporal boundaries. These theories and relational and evolutionary approaches to the development of concepts and rules in IHL may place different emphasis on structure versus agency. ColinHay argues that structure and agency logically entail one another – a social or political structure only exists by virtue of the constraints on, or opportunities for, agency that it effects.
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| 5. |
- Klamberg, Mark, 1975-
(författare)
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Exploiting legal thresholds, fault-lines and gaps in the context of remote warfare
- 2017
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Ingår i: Research Handbook on Remote Warfare. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781784716981 ; , s. 186-210
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conflicts increasingly involve action at a distance as opposed to traditional battlefield engagements. Development of new weapons, modern communications and growing economic interdependence between states push national decision-makers to adopt asymmetrical strategies, overt as well as covert. States may adopt such strategies to minimize the exposure to risk of their own forces while their opponents can be easily attacked and also for the purpose of avoiding attribution and retribution. Since international law is used as a tool for legitimizing state policies—in the words of Sari—legal thresholds, fault-lines and gaps will be used by states to portray their own actions as legal or at least belonging to a grey area but never illegal. These issues have been brought to the fore not least by increased tensions between the West and Russia. Russia states in its 2014 Military doctrine that the nature and characteristics of modern warfare conflict includes, inter alia: a) [i]ntegrated use of military force, political, economic, informational and other non-military measures nature, implemented with the extensive use of the protest potential of the population, and special operations forces … h) participation in hostilities irregular armed groups and private military companies; i) the use of indirect and asymmetric methods Action; j) the use of externally funded and run political forces and social movements. Russia perceives as one of the main military dangers ‘subversive activities of special services and organizations foreign states and their coalitions against the Russian Federation’.
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| 6. |
- Klamberg, Mark, 1975-
(författare)
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Inhämtning och bearbetning av personuppgifter i samband med brottsbekämpning och försvarsunderrättelseverksamhet
- 2018. - 3
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Ingår i: Rättsinformatik. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144125374 ; , s. 214-238
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Texten beskriver informationsbehandling inom brottsbekämpning och underrättelseverksamhet i form av i en informationslivscykel. Därefter behandlas följande problem och utmaningar särskilt: teknikneutral lagstiftning; ändamål som styrmedel för behandling av information och personuppgiftsbehandling; prevention jämfört med reaktion; tidpunkter för och gradering av integritetsintrång; och kontrollfunktioner. Avslutningsvis presenteras två fallstudier beträffande det s.k. "Romregistret" och det s.k. "Kvinnoregistret".
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| 7. |
- Klamberg, Mark, 1975-
(författare)
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Inhämtning och bearbetning av personuppgifter i samband med brottsbekämpning och försvarsunderrättelseverksamhet
- 2015
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Ingår i: Rättsinformatik. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144104935
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Staten har som en av sina kärnuppgifter att värna nationell säkerhet och fysiskt skydda sina medborgare. Potentiella hot mot dessa intressen manifesteras inte enbart i form av brottslighet utan kan även handla om andra aktörers agerande inom områden som rör ekonomisk utveckling, politiskt oberoende och militär säkerhet. För att möta dessa hot inhämtar stater information som innehåller personuppgifter, och dessa uppgifter blir i allt högre utsträckning föremål för automatiserad databehandling.Texten beskriver informationsbehandling inom brottsbekämpning och underrättelseverksamhet i form av i en informationslivscykel. Därefter behandlas följande problem och utmaningar särskilt: teknikneutral lagstiftning; ändamål som styrmedel för behandling av information och personuppgiftsbehandling; prevention jämfört med reaktion; tidpunkter för och gradering av integritetsintrång; och kontrollfunktioner. Avslutningsvis presenteras två fallstudier beträffande det s.k. "Romregistret" och det s.k. "Kvinnoregistret".
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| 8. |
- Klamberg, Mark, 1975-
(författare)
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Inhämtning och bearbetning av personuppgifter i samband med brottsbekämpning och försvarsunderättelseverksamhet
- 2016. - 2
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Ingår i: Rättsinformatik. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144114330 ; , s. 219-243
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Avsnittet behandlar inhämtning och bearbetning av personuoogifter i samband med brottsbekämpning och försvarsunderättelseverksamhet utifrån olika steg i en informationslivcykel. Texten tar upp särskilda problem och utmaningar samt illusterar en del av dessa i två fallstudier: Skånepolisens s.k. Romregister och Stockholmspolisens "Kvinnoregister".
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| 9. |
- Klamberg, Mark, 1975-
(författare)
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Lemkin on vandalism and the protection of cultural works and historical monuments during armed conflict
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Humanitarian Law and Justice. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 9781138477551 - 9781351104449 ; , s. 183-196
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The destruction of cultural property has been subject to different attempts of criminalization at the international level and international prosecution is only a recent phenomenon. There may be several reasons for such destruction: symbolic, part of erasing an ethnicity or part of breaking the moral resistance of an enemy. The destruction of cultural property may be part of an armed conflict as well as in the absence of an armed conflict. Cultural property is not only vulnerable in terms of destruction; it may also be subject to other crimes such as theft and illicit transport, during armed conflict as well as during peace. This study focuses on the destruction of cultural property with a starting point with the concept used by Raphaël Lemkin: vandalism and his attempt to include it into genocide convention. Lemkin’s efforts turned out to be a sidetrack to present status of the protection of cultural works and historical monuments under international law. However, this omission should not be exaggerated since acts which would amount to cultural genocide according to Lemkin’s original idea could also constitute war crimes and occur in a context of crimes against humanity or genocide.
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| 10. |
- Klamberg, Mark, 1975-
(författare)
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Power and Law in International Society : International Relations as the Sociology of International Law
- 2015
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- When studying international law, there is often a risk of focusing entirely on the content of international rules (i.e. regimes), and ignoring why these regimes exist and to what extent the rules affect state behavior. Similarly, international relations studies can focus so much on theories based on the distribution of power among states that it overlooks the existence and relevance of the rules of international law. Both approaches hold their dangers. The overlooking of international relations risks assuming that states actually follow international law, and discounting the specific rules of international law makes it difficult for readers to understand the impact of the rules in more than a superficial manner. This book unifies international law and international relations by exploring how international law and its institutions may be relevant and how it influences the course of international relations in international trade, protection ofthe environment, human rights, international criminal justice and the use of force.
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