| 1. |
- Hedelin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary intake of phytoestrogens, estrogen receptor-beta polymorphisms and the risk of prostate cancer
- 2006
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Ingår i: The Prostate. - Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. Orebro Univ Hosp, Dept Urol, Orebro, Sweden. Ctr Assessment Med Technol, Orebro, Sweden. Umea Univ, Dept Radiat Sci Oncol, Umea, Sweden. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. : Wiley-Liss. - 0270-4137 .- 1097-0045. ; 66:14, s. 1512-1520
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The causes of prostate cancer are poorly understood, but genetic factors may be more important than for many other malignancies, and dietary phytoestrogens may be protective. Because phytoestrogens bind tightly to the estrogen receptor-beta, we conducted an epidemiologic investigation of synergistic effects between phytoestrogen intake and estrogen receptor-beta gene polymorphisms. METHODS: We performed a population-based case-control study in Sweden. All participants reported their phytoestrogen intake and donated a blood sample. We identified four haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (htSNPs) and genotyped these htSNPs in 1314 prostate cancer patients and 782 controls. Odds ratios were estimated by multivariate logistic regression. Interactions between phytoestrogen intake and estrogen receptor-beta SNPs on prostate cancer risk were evaluated considering both multiplicative and additive effect scales. RESULTS: We found a significant multiplicative interaction (P = 0.04) between dietary intake of phytoestrogens and a promoter SNP in the estrogen receptor-beta gene (rs 2987983-13950), but not with any of the three other htSNPs (P = 0.11, 0.69, 0.85). Among carriers of the variant promoter alleles, we found strong inverse associations with increasing intake of total phytoestrogens (odds ratio for highest vs. lowest quartile = 0.43; P for trend <0.001), isoflavonoids (odds ratio = 0.63; P for trend = 0.05), and coumestrol (odds ratio = 0.57; P for trend = 0.003). We found no association between phytoestrogens and prostate cancer among carriers homozygous for the wild-type allele (TT). CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides strong evidence that high intake of phytoestrogens substantially reduce prostate cancer risk among men with specific polymorphic variation in the promoter region of the estrogen receptor-beta gene.
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| 2. |
- Hedelin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary phytoestrogen, serum enterolactone and risk of prostate cancer : the cancer prostate Sweden study (Sweden)
- 2006
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. Orebro Univ Hosp, Dept Urol, Orebro, Sweden. Ctr Assessment Med Technol, Orebro, Sweden. Univ Helsinki, Dept Clin Chem, SF-00100 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Helsinki, Inst Prevent Med Nutr & Canc, Folkhalsan Res Ctr, Helsinki, Finland. Umea Univ, Dept Radiat Sci Oncol, Umea, Sweden. : Springer. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 17:2, s. 169-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Based on evidence that phytoestrogens may protect against prostate cancer, we evaluated the associations between serum enterolactone concentration or dietary phytoestrogen intake and risk of prostate cancer. METHODS: In our Swedish population-based case-control study, questionnaire-data were available for 1,499 prostate cancer cases and 1,130 controls, with serum enterolactone levels in a sub-group of 209 cases and 214 controls. Unconditional logistic regression was performed to estimate multivariate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations with risk of prostate cancer. RESULTS: High intake of food items rich in phytoestrogens was associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer. The OR comparing the highest to the lowest quartile of intake was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.57-0.95; p-value for trend: 0.01). In contrast, we found no association between dietary intake of total or individual lignans or isoflavonoids and risk of prostate cancer. Intermediate serum levels of enterolactone were associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer. The ORs comparing increasing quartiles of serum enterolactone concentration to the lowest quartile were, respectively, 0.28 (95% CI: 0.15-0.55), 0.63 (95% CI: 0.35-1.14) and 0.74 (95% CI: 0.41-1.32). CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the hypothesis that certain foods high in phytoestrogens are associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer.
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| 3. |
- Klint, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Lymphogranuloma venereum prevalence in Sweden among men who have sex with men and characterization of Chlamydia trachomatis ompA genotypes
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Microbiology. - 0095-1137 .- 1098-660X. ; 44:11, s. 4066-4071
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An outbreak of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) infections has recently been reported from The Netherlands and other European countries. The Swedish surveillance system has identified three LGV cases since 2004, all with clinically suspected infection in men who have sex with men (MSM). In order to assess the prevalence of LGV in a high-risk group of MSM and include clinically atypical cases, retrospective analysis of 197 Chlamydia trachomatis-infected men was performed. Sequencing of the ompA gene showed a different serotype distribution compared to recent Swedish studies in heterosexual populations. The most common types were G (45%), D (27%), and J (26%), whereas the normally predominant type E accounted for only 4% of the chlamydia cases. Furthermore, certain ompA genotype variants of the dominant serotypes were highly prevalent among MSM, and the reason for this is discussed. No additional case of LGV was detected by retrospective analysis of the high-risk MSM population. This indicates that, thus far, LGV in Sweden is only a result of sporadic import from infected MSM clusters abroad.
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| 4. |
- Klint, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Rapportering till Cancerregistret kan förbättras
- 2009
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 106:11, s. 752-3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- En studie som nyligen publicerades i Acta Oncologica pekar på brister i rapporteringen till Cancerregistret. Studien visar att fall av exempelvis hjärntumörer, lymfom och leukemier inte rapporteras till Cancerregistret i samma utsträckning som bröstcancer och urologiska cancerformer. Underrapporteringen varierar med bland annat typ av vårdinrättning och patientens kön och ålder. Artikeln identifierar problemområden som behöver åtgärdas för att förbättra täckningsgraden i Cancerregistret. Detaljer om uppgiftsskyldigheten till Cancerregistret finns i Socialstyrelsens föreskrift SOSFS 2006:15 (M).
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| 5. |
- Lindgren, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Defense mechanisms against grazing : a study of trypsin inhibitor responses to simulated grazing by the sedge Carex bigelowii
- 2007
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Ingår i: Oikos. - : Wiley. - 0030-1299 .- 1600-0706. ; 116:9, s. 1540-1546
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trypsin inhibitors have been suggested to constitute an inducible defense in the sedge Carex bigelowii, and some former studies suggest that this might be a cause for the cyclic population dynamics in many alpine and arctic small mammals, for example lemmings (Lemmus lemmus). We investigated this further by using a method of simulated grazing (clipping) at different intensities, in three different habitats with varying resource availability, with different harvest times (hours after clipping), and two different stages of ramets (reproductive/vegetative) in a study from the Swedish mountain range. Our results do not indicate that C. bigelowii has an inducible defense constituted by an increase in trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA), but rather that the amount of soluble plant proteins (SPP) is lowered in wounded plants. The responses were somewhat different in the three habitats, with ramets growing in the marsh showing the highest ratio of TIA to SPP, due to low amounts of SPP. We did not find any significant effects of harvest time, or of the stage of the ramet that could support the hypothesis of an inducible defense. To conclude, we could not find any evidence for an inducible defense consisting of trypsin inhibitors in Carex bigelowii ramets, but we did find variations in the amount of SPP that may have nutritional consequences for herbivores.
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| 6. |
- Yang, Ling, et al.
(författare)
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Predictors of ovarian cancer survival: A population-based prospective study in Sweden
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 123:3, s. 672-679
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies among women worldwide. Little is known about reproductive factors or lifestyle determinants and ovarian cancer prognosis. The objective of this study was to examine whether ovarian cancer survival is influenced by reproductive history, anthropometric characteristics, prediagnostic life-style factors and family history or breast or ovarian cancer. The study population consisted of 635 epithelial Ovarian, cancer (EOC) cases derived from a nationwide population-based case-control study conducted in Sweden between 1993 and 1995. Exposure data on prediagnostic factors of interest were collected through questionnaires at the beginning of the parent study. Clinical data were abstracted from medical records. Cases were followed-up by means of record linkage to nationwide registers until December 31, 2002. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to estimate the prognostic effect of each factor in terms of hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), following adjustment for age at diagnosis, FIGO tumor stage and WHO grade of tumor differentiation. Tumor characteristics significantly influenced the risk of death from EOC. After adjustment for these, no clear associations were detected between reproductive history (parity, age at first or last birth, oral contraceptive use, age at menarche or menopause), anthropometric characteristics (body size and shape in different periods of life), lifestyle factors before diagnosis (alcohol consumption, smoking and physical activity over lifetime), nor family history of breast cancer or ovarian cancer and EOC survival. Our findings indicate that these prediagnostic factors do not influence the EOC survival. Nevertheless, among women with early stage disease (FIGO stage I and II), there was some indication that overweight in young adulthood or recent years increased the risk of death, while physical activity in young adult life appeared to reduce the risk of death due to EOC.
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