| 1. |
- af Klintberg, Tord, et al.
(författare)
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Air gap method : measurements of airflow inside air gaps of walls
- 2008
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Ingår i: Structural Survey. - : Emerald. - 0263-080X .- 1758-6844. ; 26:4, s. 343-363
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - Water damage is a severe problem in modern construction, causing economic loss and health implications. By using the patented Air Gap Method inside building constructions, harmful water in the construction can be dried out. The method drains and ventilates air gaps inside walls and floors with an airflow driven by thermal buoyancy caused by a heating cable in vertical air gaps. This paper aims to investigate this method and measurements of airflow inside air gaps of walls. Design/methodology/approach - This study investigates the measured correlation between the power of the heating cable, the difference of temperature inside and outside the air gap, and the airflow. Data are collected by experimentation with a full-scale constructed wall. Findings - The study finds that airflow increases with raised temperature difference between the air gap and room and with raised power of the heating cable. The measured airflow reaches values up to 140 m3/metre wall and day for one cable. A small increase in temperature, between 0.2 and 0.3 oC inside the vertical air gap results in an air flow of approximately 60 m3/metre wall and day. The air change rate per hour for the air inside the wall construction varies between 15 times for a 6 W/m cable and 37 times for a 16 W/m cable. Practical implications - The method provides the means to build houses in a more robust way, minimising the negative effects of water damage. This investigation provides an understanding of how temperature and ventilation are related in this method of construction. Originality/value - The issue of ventilated construction is rarely investigated in scientific research.
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| 2. |
- af Klintberg, Tord, et al.
(författare)
-
Air gaps in building construction avoiding dampness and mould
- 2008
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Ingår i: Structural Survey. - : Emerald. - 0263-080X .- 1758-6844. ; 26:3, s. 242-255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - Water damage is a severe problem in modern construction, causing economic loss and health implications. The patented Air Gap Method, which is a slight modification of the common infill wall construction, provides means to build houses in a more robust way, minimizing the negative effects of water damage. This full-scale study of the method aims to show how walls and floors may be built to create ventilation within the construction, with air gaps equipped with heating cables. The general hypothesis is that the patented Air Gap Method drains and evaporates dampness after water damage. The purpose of this study is to show how the method is built and how the method deals with water damage, such as a flooding, and with mould growth. Design/methodology/approach - The Air Gap Method is based on a common timber-framed construction and is completed by the provision of inlets, air gaps, slits, and outlets. The power for the convective airflow is given by an electrical heating cable. The study was carried out as a full-scale experiment using a 24m2 large apartment build by this method. This apartment was flooded with 120 litres of domestic wastewater and the drying period was compared when heating cables were switched on or not. Mould growth was also investigated. Findings - The method dries out a flooded floor in nine days when two heating cables were switched on, in 13 days with one heating cable and 21 days when the heating cables were off. The method prevents all mould growth provided that the indoor RH is lower than 65 per cent. Practical implications - The method provides means to build houses in a more robust way, minimizing the negative effects of water damage. Originality/value - The issue of ventilated construction is rarely investigated in scientific research.
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| 3. |
- af Klintberg, Tord
(författare)
-
Heated air gaps : a possibility to dry out dampness from building constructions
- 2008
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The air gap method is a modification of the common way of building indoor walls and floors. The aim of the method is to make a construction, less fragile to water damage, with air gaps where moisture can be removed with a thermally driven air flow, caused by a heating cable. The thesis includes a number of experimental studies of this method. Temperature and convective air flow in a vertical air gap was studied and it was noted how air flow increased with raised power of the heating cable. The air flow for one meter of wall varied between 50 m3/day (13 air changes per hour) and 140 m3/day (36 air changes per hour). The lower value was caused by a temperature difference in the range 0.2-0.3 oC. Without heating no air flow was found. In studies of moisture and RH in wet “slab on ground” constructions, it was noted how the slab in the room with the air gap method dried to a much higher extent than the slab in the room built in an ordinary way. It was also noted that moisture was transported from the air gap in the floor and up through the air gap in the wall. In the room with the air gap construction, the RH values beneath the floor was at a lower level (and below 75 % RH) than the RH values beneath the floor of conventional construction. Mould does not grow below 75 % RH. In the study of a flooded intermediate floor it was noted how the thermally driven convective air flow evidently speeded up drying of the construction. Mould growth was only noted in the case where the heating cables were turned off.
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