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- Bukała, Michał, et al.
(författare)
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UHP metamorphism recorded by phengite eclogite from the Caledonides of northern Sweden : P-T path and tectonic implications
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Metamorphic Geology. - : Wiley. - 0263-4929 .- 1525-1314. ; 36:5, s. 547-566
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Seve Nappe Complex (SNC) of the Scandinavian Caledonides records a well-documented history of high pressure (HP) and ultra-high pressure (UHP) metamorphism. Eclogites of the SNC occur in two areas in Sweden, namely Jamtland and Norrbotten. The Jamtland eclogites and associated rocks are well-studied and provide evidence for late Ordovician UHP metamorphism, whereas the Norrbotten eclogites, formed during the late Cambrian (Furongian)/Early Ordovician, have not been studied in such detail, especially in terms of the P-T conditions of their formation. Within the studied eclogite, clinopyroxene contains a high-Na core and two rims: inner, medium-Na and outer, low-Na. Garnet consists of a high-Ca euhedral core, low-Ca inner rim and medium-Ca outer rim. A similar pattern occurs within phengite, where high-Si cores are enveloped by medium and low-Si rims. The compositions of the mineral cores, inner rims and outer rims reflect three stages in the metamorphic evolution of the eclogite. Applied Quartz-in-Garnet geobarometry, coupled with Zr-in-rutile geothermometry reveal that garnet nucleation (E0 stage) took place at 1.5-1.6GPa and 620-660 degrees C. The eclogite peak-pressure assemblage developed during the E1 stage, it consists of garnet+omphacite+phengite+rutile+coesite? and yields P-T conditions of 2.8-3.1GPa and 660-780 degrees C as constrained by conventional geothermobarometry and thermodynamic modelling in the NCKFMMnASHT system. Later, lower-pressure stages E2 and E3 record conditions of 2.2-2.8GPa, 680-780 degrees C and 2.1GPa, 735 degrees C, respectively. The prograde metamorphic evolution of the eclogite is inferred from inclusions of epidote, amphibole and clinopyroxene within garnet. The presence of amphibole-quartz-plagioclase symplectites, secondary epidote/zoisite and titanite replacing rutile record the later retrograde changes taking place at <1.5GPa (referred as E4 stage). The obtained P-T conditions indicate that the Norrbotten eclogites underwent a metamorphic evolution characterized by a clockwise P-T path with peak metamorphism reaching up to coesite stability field within a relatively cold subduction regime (7.8 degrees C/km). The obtained results provide the first evidence for UHP metamorphism in the SNC above the Arctic Circle and document cold subduction regime and multistage exhumation of the deeply subducted Baltican margin at early stage of the Caledonian Orogeny.
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- Fassmer, K., et al.
(författare)
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Middle Ordovician subduction of continental crust in the Scandinavian Caledonides - an example from Tjeliken, Seve Nappe Complex, Sweden.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0010-7999 .- 1432-0967. ; 172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Seve Nappe Complex of the Scandinavian Caledonides is thought to be derived from the distal passive margin of Baltica which collided with Laurentia in the Scandian Phase of the Caledonian Orogeny at 430–400 Ma. Parts of the Seve Nappe Complex were affected by pre-Scandian high- and ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism, in a tectonic framework that is still unclear, partly due to uncertainties about the exact timing. Previous age determinations yielded between ~ 505 and ~ 446 Ma, with a general trend of older ages in the North (Norrbotten) than in the South (Jämtland). New age determinations were performed on eclogite and garnet–phengite gneiss at Tjeliken in northern Jämtland. Thermodynamic modelling yielded peak metamorphic conditions of 25–27 kbar/680–760 °C for the garnet–phengite gneiss, similar to published peak metamorphic conditions of the eclogite (25–26 kbar/650–700 °C). Metamorphic rims of zircons from the garnet–phengite gneiss were dated using secondary ion mass spectrometry and yielded a concordia age of 458.9 ± 2.5 Ma. Lu–Hf garnet-whole rock dating yielded 458 ± 1.0 Ma for the eclogite. Garnet in the eclogite shows prograde major-element zoning and concentration of Lu in the cores, indicating that this age is related to garnet growth during pressure increase, i.e. subduction. The identical ages from both rock types, coinciding with published Sm–Nd ages from the eclogite, confirm subduction of the Seve Nappe Complex in Northern Jämtland during the Middle Ordovician in a fast subduction–exhumation cycle.
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- Holmberg, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Decompressional equilibration of the Midsund granulite from Otrøy, Western Gneiss Region, Norway
- 2019
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Ingår i: Geologica Carpathica. - Bratislava : Slovak Acdemy of Sciences. - 1335-0552 .- 1336-8052. ; 70:6, s. 471-482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Western Gneiss Region (WGR) of the Scandinavian Caledonides is an archetypal terrain for high-pressure(HP) and ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphism. However, the vast majority of lithologies occurring there bear no,or only limited, evidence for HP or UHP metamorphism. The studied Midsund HP granulite occurs on the island of Otrøy,a locality known for the occurrence of the UHP eclogites and mantle-derived, garnet-bearing ultramafics. The Midsundgranulite consists of plagioclase, garnet, clinopyroxene, relict phengitic mica, biotite, rutile, quartz, amphibole, ilmeniteand titanite, among the most prominent phases. Applied thermodynamic modelling in the NCKFMMnASHT systemresulted in a pressure–temperature (P–T) pseudosection that provides an intersection of compositional isopleths ofXMg (Mg/Mg+Fe) in garnet, albite in plagioclase and XNa (Na/Na+Ca) in clinopyroxene in the stability field of melt +plagioclase + garnet + clinopyroxene + amphibole + ilmenite. The obtained thermodynamic model yields P–T conditions of1.32–1.45 GPa and 875–970 °C. The relatively high P–T recorded by the Midsund granulite may be explained as an effectof equilibration due to exhumation from HP (presumably UHP) conditions followed by a period of stagnation under HTat lower-to-medium crustal level. The latter seems to be a more widespread phenomenon in the WGR than previouslythought and may well explain commonly calculated pressure contrasts between neighboring lithologies in the WGR andother HP–UHP terranes worldwide.
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- Klonowska, Iwona, 1988-
(författare)
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Deep subduction of the Seve Nappe Complex in the Scandinavian Caledonides
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis seeks to improve our understanding of the processes involved in continental collision zones, with a particular focus on subduction-exhumation. The main objective of this work has been to define the tectonometamorphic evolution of the deeply subducted Seve Nappe Complex (SNC) in the Scandinavian Caledonides. I utilize mineralogy, petrology and geochronology to constrain the P-T-t paths of the SNC rocks in Sweden.The research has focused on the high grade rocks of the SNC and resulted in the discovery of metamorphic diamonds within the gneisses in west-central Jämtland and southern Västerbotten. Microdiamonds provided evidence for the ultra-high pressure metamorphism (UHPM) and subduction of continental rocks to mantle depths. The UHPM in these rocks was confirmed by calculations of the P-T conditions. The UHPM is further recorded by eclogites and garnet pyroxenites from northern Jämtland and eclogites from Norrbotten. All these findings provide compelling evidence for regional UHPM of vast parts of the SNC (at least 400 km along the strike of this allochthonous unit). The SNC rocks followed nearly isothermal decompression paths and paragneisses have locally experienced partial melting during exhumation. Formation of the peculiar Ba- and Ti-enriched dark mica in the Tväråklumparna metasediments is related to the latter stage.In-situ monazite dating of the diamond-bearing gneisses from west-central Jämtland supports previous geochronological data inferring that the peak of metamorphism is probably Middle Ordovician and was followed by Early Silurian partial melting. The exact timing of the UHPM here still remains to be resolved. The Lu-Hf garnet and U-Pb zircon dating of eclogite and gneiss from northern Jämtland confirms the Middle Ordovician age of the UHP-HP metamorphism of the SNC rocks. The chemical dating of monazite from the Marsfjället gneiss suggests an earlier UHP history of the Seve rocks in southern Västerbotten as a post-UHP uplift is dated to ca. 470 Ma.Based on the P-T-t data obtained in this thesis, particularly on the evidence for Middle Ordovician UHPM and subsequent Silurian exhumation, a new tectonic model for the Scandinavian Caledonides has been proposed. The outcomes of this thesis therefore improve our understanding of the tectonometamorphic history of the Caledonides.
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| 7. |
- Klonowska, Iwona, et al.
(författare)
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Eclogite and garnet pyroxenite from Stor Jougdan, Seve Nappe Complex, Sweden : implications for UHP metamorphism of allochthons in the Scandinavian Caledonides
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Methamorphic Geology. - : Wiley. - 0263-4929. ; 34:2, s. 103-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism (UHPM) has recently been discovered in far-travelled allochthons of the Scandinavian Caledonides, including finding of diamond in the Seve Nappe Complex. This UHPM of Late Ordovician age is older and less recognized than that in the Western Gneiss Region of southwestern Norway, which was related to terminal collision between Baltica and Laurentia. Here we report new evidence of UHPM in the Lower Seve Nappe, recorded by eclogite and garnet pyroxenite from the area of Stor Jougdan in northern Jämtland, central Sweden. Peak-metamorphic assemblage of eclogite, garnet + omphacite + phengite + rutile + coesite? yields P–Tconditions of 2.8–4.0 GPa and 750–900 °C, constrained by conventional geothermobarometry and thermodynamic modelling in the NCKFMTASH system. The prograde metamorphic evolution of the eclogite is inferred from inclusions of zoisite and amphibole in garnet, which are stable at lower pressure, whereas the retrograde evolution is recorded by formation of diopsidic clinopyroxene + plagioclase symplectites after omphacite, growth of amphibole replacing these symplectites, and of titanite around rutile. In garnet pyroxenite the peak-metamorphic assemblage consists of garnet + orthopyroxene + clinopyroxene + olivine. P–T conditions of 2.3–3.8 GPa and 810–960 °C have been derived based on the conventional geothermobarometry and thermodynamic modelling in the CFMASH and CFMAS systems. Retrograde evolution has been recognized from replacement of pyroxene and garnet by amphibole. The results show that eclogite was metamorphosed during deep subduction of continental crust, most probably derived from the continental margin of Baltica, whereas the origin and tectonic setting of the garnet pyroxenite is ambiguous. The studied pyroxenite/peridotite of Baltican subcontinental affinity could have been metamorphosed as a part of the subducting plate and exhumed due to the downward extraction of a forearc lithospheric block.
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| 8. |
- Klonowska, Iwona, et al.
(författare)
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Microdiamond on Åreskutan confirms regional UHP metamorphism in the Seve Nappe Complex of the Scandinavian Caledonides
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Metamorphic Geology. - : Wiley. - 0263-4929 .- 1525-1314. ; 35, s. 541-564
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metamorphic diamond in crustal rocks provides important information on the deep subduction of continental crust. Here, we present a new occurrence of diamond within the Seve Nappe Complex (SNC) of the Scandinavian Caledonides, on angstrom reskutan in Jamtland County, Sweden. Microdiamond is found insitu as single and composite (diamond+carbonate) inclusions within garnet, in kyanite-bearing paragneisses. The rocks preserve the primary peak pressure assemblage of Ca,Mg-rich garnet+phengite+kyanite+rutile, with polycrystalline quartz surrounded by radial cracks indicating breakdown of coesite. Calculated P-T conditions for this stage are 830-840 degrees C and 4.1-4.2GPa, in the diamond stability field. The ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) assemblage has been variably overprinted under granulite facies conditions of 850-860 degrees C and 1.0-1.1GPa, leading to formation of Ca,Mg-poor garnet+biotite+plagioclase+K-feldspar+sillimanite+ilmenite+quartz. This overprint was the result of nearly isothermal decompression, which is corroborated by Ti-in-quartz thermometry. Chemical Th-U-Pb dating of monazite yields ages between 445 and 435Ma, which are interpreted to record post-UHP exhumation of the diamond-bearing rocks. The new discovery of microdiamond on angstrom reskutan, together with other evidence of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism (UHPM) within gneisses, eclogites and peridotites elsewhere in the SNC, provide compelling arguments for regional (at least 200km along strike of the unit) UHPM of substantial parts of this far-travelled allochthon. The occurrence of UHPM in both rheologically weak (gneisses) and strong lithologies (eclogites, peridotites) speaks against the presence of large tectonic overpressure during metamorphism.
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