| 1. |
- Pantazis, N, et al.
(författare)
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Determining the likely place of HIV acquisition for migrants in Europe combining subject-specific information and biomarkers data
- 2019
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Ingår i: Statistical methods in medical research. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-0334 .- 0962-2802. ; 28:7, s. 1979-1997
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In most HIV-positive individuals, infection time is only known to lie between the time an individual started being at risk for HIV and diagnosis time. However, a more accurate estimate of infection time is very important in certain cases. For example, one of the objectives of the Advancing Migrant Access to Health Services in Europe (aMASE) study was to determine if HIV-positive migrants, diagnosed in Europe, were infected pre- or post-migration. We propose a method to derive subject-specific estimates of unknown infection times using information from HIV biomarkers’ measurements, demographic, clinical, and behavioral data. We assume that CD4 cell count (CD4) and HIV-RNA viral load trends after HIV infection follow a bivariate linear mixed model. Using post-diagnosis CD4 and viral load measurements and applying the Bayes’ rule, we derived the posterior distribution of the HIV infection time, whereas the prior distribution was informed by AIDS status at diagnosis and behavioral data. Parameters of the CD4–viral load and time-to-AIDS models were estimated using data from a large study of individuals with known HIV infection times (CASCADE). Simulations showed substantial predictive ability (e.g. 84% of the infections were correctly classified as pre- or post-migration). Application to the aMASE study ( n = 2009) showed that 47% of African migrants and 67% to 72% of migrants from other regions were most likely infected post-migration. Applying a Bayesian method based on bivariate modeling of CD4 and viral load, and subject-specific information, we found that the majority of HIV-positive migrants in aMASE were most likely infected after their migration to Europe.
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| 2. |
- Heine, M., et al.
(författare)
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Determination of the neutron-capture rate of C-17 for r-process nucleosynthesis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993. ; 95:1, s. Article no 014613 -
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the (RB)-B-3-LAND setup at GSI we have measured exclusive relative-energy spectra of the Coulomb dissociation of C-18 at a projectile energy around 425A MeV on a lead target, which are needed to determine the radiative neutron-capture cross sections of C-17 into the ground state of C-18. Those data have been used to constrain theoretical calculations for transitions populating excited states in C-18. This allowed to derive the astrophysical cross section sigma(n gamma)*. accounting for the thermal population of C-17 target states in astrophysical scenarios. The experimentally verified capture rate is significantly lower than those of previously obtained Hauser-Feshbach estimations at temperatures T-9
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| 3. |
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| 5. |
- Eron, Joseph J., et al.
(författare)
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Week 96 efficacy and safety results of the phase 3, randomized EMERALD trial to evaluate switching from boosted-protease inhibitors plus emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate regimens to the once daily, single-tablet regimen of darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) in treatment-experienced, virologically-suppressed adults living with HIV-1
- 2019
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Ingår i: Antiviral Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-3542 .- 1872-9096. ; 170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019 The Authors Darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) 800/150/200/10 mg was investigated through 96 weeks in EMERALD (NCT02269917). Virologically-suppressed, HIV-1-positive treatment-experienced adults (previous non-darunavir virologic failure [VF] allowed) were randomized (2:1) to D/C/F/TAF or boosted protease inhibitor (PI) plus emtricitabine/tenofovir-disoproxil-fumarate (F/TDF) over 48 weeks. At week 52 participants in the boosted PI arm were offered switch to D/C/F/TAF (late-switch, 44 weeks D/C/F/TAF exposure). All participants were followed on D/C/F/TAF until week 96. Efficacy endpoints were percentage cumulative protocol-defined virologic rebound (PDVR; confirmed viral load [VL] ≥50 copies/mL) and VL < 50 copies/mL (virologic suppression) and ≥50 copies/mL (VF) (FDA-snapshot analysis). Of 1141 randomized patients, 1080 continued in the extension phase. Few patients had PDVR (D/C/F/TAF: 3.1%, 24/763 cumulative through week 96; late-switch: 2.3%, 8/352 week 52–96). Week 96 virologic suppression was 90.7% (692/763) (D/C/F/TAF) and 93.8% (330/352) (late-switch). VF was 1.2% and 1.7%, respectively. No darunavir, primary PI, tenofovir or emtricitabine resistance-associated mutations were observed post-baseline. No patients discontinued for efficacy-related reasons. Few discontinued due to adverse events (2% D/C/F/TAF arm). Improved renal and bone parameters were maintained in the D/C/F/TAF arm and observed in the late-switch arm, with small increases in total cholesterol/high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio. A study limitation was the lack of a control arm in the week 96 analysis. Through 96 weeks, D/C/F/TAF resulted in low PDVR rates, high virologic suppression rates, very few VFs, and no resistance development. Late-switch results were consistent with D/C/F/TAF week 48 results. EMERALD week 96 results confirm the efficacy, high genetic barrier to resistance and safety benefits of D/C/F/TAF.
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| 6. |
- Kostyleva, D., et al.
(författare)
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Towards the Limits of Existence of Nuclear Structure: Observation and First Spectroscopy of the Isotope K-31 by Measuring Its Three-Proton Decay
- 2019
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114 .- 0031-9007. ; 123:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The most remote isotope from the proton dripline (by 4 atomic mass units) has been observed: K-31. It is unbound with respect to three-proton (3p) emission, and its decays have been detected in flight by measuring the trajectories of all decay products using microstrip detectors. The 3p emission processes have been studied by the means of angular correlations of S-28 + 3p and the respective decay vertices. The energies of the previously unknown ground and excited states of K-31 have been determined. This provides its 3p separation energy value S-3p of -4.6(2) MeV. Upper half-life limits of 10 ps of the observed K-31 states have been derived from distributions of the measured decay vertices.
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| 7. |
- Mukha, I. G., et al.
(författare)
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Deep excursion beyond the proton dripline. I. Argon and chlorine isotope chains
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. - 2469-9993 .- 2469-9985. ; 98:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The proton-unbound argon and chlorine isotopes have been studied by measuring trajectories of their decay-in-flight products by using a tracking technique with microstrip detectors. The proton (1p) and two-proton (2p) emission processes have been detected in the measured angular correlations "heavy-fragment"+p and "heavy-fragment"+p+p, respectively. The ground states of the previously unknown isotopes Cl30 and Cl28 have been observed for the first time, providing the 1p-separation energies Sp of -0.48(2) and -1.60(8), MeV, respectively. The relevant systematics of 1p- and 2p-separation energies have been studied theoretically in the core+p and core+p+p cluster models. The first-time observed excited states of Ar31 allow one to infer the 2p-separation energy S2p of 6(34) keV for its ground state. The first-time observed state in Ar29 with S2p=-5.50(18) MeV can be identified as either a ground state or an excited state according to different systematics.
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| 8. |
- Mukha, I., et al.
(författare)
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Observation and Spectroscopy of New Proton-Unbound Isotopes Ar-30 and Cl-29: An Interplay of Prompt Two-Proton and Sequential Decay
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114 .- 0031-9007. ; 115:20, s. 7-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previously unknown isotopes Ar-30 and Cl-29 have been identified by measurement of the trajectories of their in-flight decay products S-28 + p + p and S-28 + p, respectively. The analysis of angular correlations of the fragments provided information on decay energies and the structure of the parent states. The ground states of Ar-30 and Cl-29 were found at 2.25(-0.10)(+0.15) and 1.8 +/- 0.1 MeV above the two-and one-proton thresholds, respectively. The lowest states in Ar-30 and Cl-29 point to a violation of isobaric symmetry in the structure of these unbound nuclei. The two-proton decay has been identified in a transition region between simultaneous two-proton and sequential proton emissions from the Ar-30 ground state, which is characterized by an interplay of three-body and two-body decay mechanisms. The first hint of a fine structure of the two-proton decay of Ar-30*(2(+)) has been obtained by detecting two decay branches into the ground and first-excited states of the S-28 fragment.
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| 9. |
- Brinkman, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Identification and prospective stability of electronic nose (eNose)-derived inflammatory phenotypes in patients with severe asthma
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 143:5, s. 1811-1820.e7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Severe asthma is a heterogeneous condition, as shown by independent cluster analyses based on demographic, clinical, and inflammatory characteristics. A next step is to identify molecularly driven phenotypes using “omics” technologies. Molecular fingerprints of exhaled breath are associated with inflammation and can qualify as noninvasive assessment of severe asthma phenotypes.Objectives: We aimed (1) to identify severe asthma phenotypes using exhaled metabolomic fingerprints obtained from a composite of electronic noses (eNoses) and (2) to assess the stability of eNose-derived phenotypes in relation to withinpatient clinical and inflammatory changes.Methods: In this longitudinal multicenter study exhaled breath samples were taken from an unselected subset of adults with severe asthma from the U-BIOPRED cohort. Exhaled metabolites were analyzed centrally by using an assembly of eNoses. Unsupervised Ward clustering enhanced by similarity profile analysis together with K-means clustering was performed. For internal validation, partitioning around medoids and topological data analysis were applied. Samples at 12 to 18 months of prospective follow-up were used to assess longitudinal within-patient stability.Results: Data were available for 78 subjects (age, 55 years [interquartile range, 45-64 years]; 41% male). Three eNosedriven clusters (n = 26/33/19) were revealed, showing differences in circulating eosinophil (P = .045) and neutrophil (P = .017) percentages and ratios of patients using oral corticosteroids (P = .035). Longitudinal within-patient cluster stability was associated with changes in sputum eosinophil percentages (P = .045).Conclusions: We have identified and followed up exhaled molecular phenotypes of severe asthma, which were associated with changing inflammatory profile and oral steroid use. This suggests that breath analysis can contribute to the management of severe asthma.
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