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- Kasic, A., et al.
(författare)
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Phonons and free-carrier properties of binary, ternary, and quaternary group-III nitride layers measured by infrared Spectroscopic Ellipsometry
- 2003
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Ingår i: Physica Status Solidi. C, Current topics in solid state physics. - : Wiley. - 1610-1634 .- 1610-1642. ; 0:6 SPEC. ISS., s. 1750-1769
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This work reviews recent ellipsometric investigations of the infrared dielectric functions of binary, ternary, and quaternary group-III nitride films. Spectroscopic Ellipsometry in the mid-infrared range is employed for the first time to determine phonon and free-carrier properties of individual group-III nitride heterostructure components, including layers of some ten nanometer thickness. Assuming the effective carrier mass, the free-carrier concentration and mobility parameters can be quantified upon model analysis of the infrared dielectric function. In combination with Hall-effect measurements, the effective carrier masses for wurtzite n- and p-type GaN and n-type InN are obtained. The mode behavior of both the E1(TO) and A1(LO) phonons are determined for ternary compounds. For strain-sensitive phonon modes, the composition and strain dependences of the phonon frequencies are differentiated and quantified. Information on the crystal quality and compositional homogeneity of the films can be extracted from the phonon mode broadening parameters. A comprehensive IR dielectric function database of group-III nitride materials has been established and can be used for the analysis of complex thin-film heterostructures designed for optoelectronic device applications. Information on concentration and mobility of free carriers, thickness, alloy composition, average strain state, and crystal quality of individual sample constituents can be derived. © 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
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- Kohler, S, et al.
(författare)
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Photochemical and microbial processing of stream and soilwater dissolved organic matter in a boreal forested catchment in northern Sweden
- 2002
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Ingår i: Aquatic Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1015-1621 .- 1420-9055. ; 64:3, s. 269-281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Natural organic matter (NOM) from stream and soil water in a humic-rich headwater catchment in northern Sweden (initial total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations 10-40 mg C L-1) was rapidly degraded by light and microbial activity in an incubation experiment. Concentration losses were 33-50% after 12 days of exposure to 69 W m(-2) artificial PAR and 16 W m(-2) UV radiation. Natural, unshaded mid-day solar radiation in the region (68degreesN 18degreesE) during the month of june is 159 W m(-2) for PAR. In contrast to microbial organic carbon removal, TOC exponentially decreased upon radiation, which suggests that TOC is more rapidly oxidized by light than by ambient microbes. Further, rapid decline in TOC concentration implies the presence of a dominant pool of photo-labile compounds (p > 95%). A measured mass balance for carbon identified 50-75% of the degraded TOC as carbon dioxide after 12 days of exposure to light. The observed conversion of organic to inorganic carbon was accompanied by increases in pH and alkalinity, suggesting that photo-degradation of NOM potentially contributes to in-stream buffering capacity. The remaining refractory TOC changed in chemical character, including an altered molecular weight distribution with decreased average weight and a change in the proportions of humics as evidenced by absorbance ratios (A(254)/A(420)). Extrapolation of the experiment to natural headwater conditions show that photo-degradation is an important in-stream process that should be considered in calculations of carbon turnover in surface waters because of its influence on both TOC amount and character.
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- Stierle, A, et al.
(författare)
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Surface core level shift observed on NiAl(110)
- 2003
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Ingår i: Surface Science. - 0039-6028. ; 529:3, s. 263-268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using high resolution core level spectroscopy, a surface core level shift towards lower binding energy of -0.13 eV is determined for the 2p level of the outwardly relaxed Al surface atoms on NiAl(110). Density functional theory based calculations with inclusion of final state effects yield a value of -0.14 eV for this shift in excellent agreement with experiment. We show that the initial state approximation yields a value of +0.09 eV, i.e. the inclusion of final state relaxation effects is vital not only to obtain the correct value but even the correct sign for this shift. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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