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- Bärgman, Jonas, 1972, et al.
(author)
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The UDrive dataset and key analysis results
- 2017
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- UDrive is a large European naturalistic driving study, sponsored by the European Commission (FP7).Nineteen partners across Europe have come together and, along with stakeholders, defined researchquestions, developed data acquisition, collected and managed data, and finally, performed a first analysis onthe UDrive dataset with respect to driver/rider behaviour related to traffic safety and the environment (ecodriving).This document presents key results of the UDrive analysis performed in UDrive Sub-project 4: Data analysis.It also describes the UDrive dataset and, in brief, how we got here.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Carlsson, Anna K, 1966, et al.
(author)
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Skadereducerande Effekt av Uppvärmda Trottoarer, Gång- och Cykelstråk
- 2018
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Nearly two out of three fall crashes with seriously injured pedestrians occur in the winter (December-March), i.e. twice as many pedestrians are seriously injured during these four months compared to the rest of the year. During the winter period (December-March) almost nine out of ten fall crashes are caused in the traffic environment due to slipping on ice/snow.
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| 4. |
- Carlsson, Anna K, 1966, et al.
(author)
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Skadereducerande Effekt av Uppvärmda Trottoarer, Gång- och Cykelstråk - En Inledande Studie
- 2019
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Nästan två av tre fallolyckor med allvarligt skadade fotgängare sker under vintern; dubbelt så många fotgängare skadas allvarligt under dessa fyra månader jämfört med årets övriga. Under vinterperioden orsakas nästan nio av tio fallolyckor i trafikmiljö av halka pga is/snö. De skador som drabbar fotgängare (och cyklister) på halt underlag behöver i allmänhet betydligt längre vårdtid jämfört med om det inte varit halt. Det finns alltså en stor skadereducerande potential i förbättrad halkbekämpning. Syftet med studien är att: - Kartlägga uppvärmda ytor i stadsmiljön för de största städerna i Sverige - Analysera den skadereducerande effekten av uppvärmda ytor för fotgängare, och (om möjligt) cyklister.
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| 5. |
- Carsten, Oliver, et al.
(author)
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Driver Distraction and Inattention
- 2017
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In UDRIVE, the major focus of the work on driver inattention and distraction has been focused on obtaining a better understanding of whether and how drivers manage their secondary task activities — when they choose to engage, what tasks they select, whether they adjust their activity to different situations and whether they are willing to surrender secondary task activities as the primary task of driving becomes more demanding. In other words, the focus is on self-regulation, on how drivers manage their secondary task activity in the context of the dynamics of the traffic and road situation. That management includes the determination not to engage in such tasks in the first place or only to engage in some particular activities. NDS are particularly suited to such an investigation, since experimental studies in driving simulators and even on test tracks tend to suffer from an instruction effect, in that participants are typically instructed to carry out an activity at a given moment. Thus such experimental studies provide insight into how driver attention, driver information processing and driving performance are affected by secondary tasks, but are less useful when research is focused on driver management of task activity
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| 6. |
- Cieślik, Ilona, et al.
(author)
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Improving the effectiveness of active safety systems to significantly reduce accidents with vulnerable road users - the project PROSPECT (Proactive Safety for Pedestrians and Cyclists)
- 2019
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In: 26th ESV Conference Proceedings.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Accidents involving Vulnerable Road Users (VRU) are still a very significant issue for road safety. ́PROactive Safety for PEdestrians and CyclisTs ́ is a collaborative research project funded by the European Commission. The objective of PROSPECT was to improve significantly the effectiveness of active VRU safety systems compared to those currently on the market by: (i) expanding the scope of urban scenarios addressed (ii) improving the overall Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) and Autonomous Emergency Steering (AES) system performance (iii) proposing extensive validation methodologies for consumer testing, simulation and acceptance studies with tools for testing. Concepts for sensors and control systems were shown in three vehicle demonstrators and a mobile driving simulator and tested with novel VRU dummy specimen. Those systems address the well-known barriers of current AEB systems such as limited sensors field-of-view, fuzzy path prediction, unreliable intent recognition and slow reaction times for the actuation. User acceptance tests with the participation of drivers were also crucial in PROSPECT for the success of all active safety systems. Driving simulator studies were then used in a controlled and repeatable environment for the collection of data regarding the interaction between the driver and the safety function. Finally, project consortium implemented a novel benefit estimation methodology that includes an assessment of the combined effect of active and passive safety measures of PROSPECT-like systems.
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| 7. |
- Dotzauer, Mandy, et al.
(author)
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Risk factors, crash causation and everyday driving
- 2017
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The UDRIVE Naturalistic Driving Study (NDS) is the first large scale European project to observe driving behaviour directly in the field. Its goal was to identify risky driving behaviour, understand what drivers commonly do (everyday driving), why and when driver’s attention is diverted from the road (distracted driving), focus on power two wheelers (PTW), pedestrians and cyclists as they are road users that are exceptionally exposed to crashes (vulnerable road users; VRU) and learn about the properties of sustainable driving behaviour (eco-driving). One of the advantages of this project is the unique opportunity to observe critical events while they occur, and with the help of the records, go back in time and investigate what may have caused them. Drivers from France (FR), Germany (GE), Poland (PL), Spain (SP), the Netherlands (NL), and the UK volunteered to participate in this study. Mechanics equipped their vehicles with cameras and sensors and thus created a fleet of 200 vehicles. This included 120 cars (FR, GE, PL, NL, and UK), 40 scooters (SP), and 40 trucks (NL). The data was collected in a box, referred to as data acquisition system (DAS), which was installed in the trunk of the vehicles. It recorded videos of seven to eight cameras, CAN, GPS and acceleration data. The data was collected between a time period of 12 to 21 months, accumulating 87 871 hours of data. This deliverable reports the results of normal and risky driving behaviour while the findings of the other research topics will be reported in respective deliverables
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| 8. |
- Flannagan, Carol A., et al.
(author)
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Analysis of SHRP2 Data to Understand Normal and Abnormal Driving Behavior in Work Zones
- 2019
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This research project used the Second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP2) Naturalistic Driving Study(NDS) to improve highway safety by using statistical descriptions of normal driving behavior to identify abnormal driving behaviors in work zones. SHRP2 data used in these analyses included 50 safety-critical events (SCEs) from work zones and 444 baseline events selected on a matched case-control design. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to summarize kinematic data into “normal” and “abnormal”driving. Each second of driving is described by one point in three-dimensional principal component (PC) space;an ellipse containing the bulk of baseline points is considered “normal” driving. Driving segments without-of-ellipse points have a higher probability of being an SCE. Matched case-control analysis indicates that thespecific individual and traffic flow made approximately equal contributions to predicting out-of-ellipse driving. Structural Topics Modeling (STM) was used to analyze complex categorical data obtained from annotated videos.The STM method finds “words” representing categorical data variables that occur together in many events and describes these associations as “topics.” STM then associates topics with either baselines or SCEs. The STM produced 10 topics: 3 associated with SCEs, 5 associated with baselines, and 2 that were neutral. Distractionoccurs in both baselines and SCEs. Both approaches identify the role of individual drivers in producing situations where SCEs might arise. A countermeasure could use the PC calculation to indicate impending issues or specific drivers who may havehigher crash risk, but not to employ significant interventions such as automatically braking a vehicle without-of-ellipse driving patterns. STM results suggest communication to drivers or placing compliant vehicles in thetraffic stream would be effective. Finally, driver distraction in work zones should be discouraged.
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| 9. |
- Jansen, Reinier J., et al.
(author)
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Interactions between car drivers and cyclists: A naturalistic perspective on gaze behavior in right-turn maneuvers
- 2017
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In: 6th International Symposium on Naturalistic Driving Research, June 8-9. The Hague, The Netherlands.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Failure to perform appropriate visual checks at intersections may have contributed to the 2069 cyclist fatalities in the European Union in 2015. This study investigates whether and when car drivers perform visual checks for potentially encroaching cyclists during right-turn maneuvers at urban intersections. UDrive naturalistic data from instrumented vehicles in France, the Netherlands, Poland, and Great Britain were used. The dataset consisted of 852 right-turn maneuvers (UK: left-turn, throughout this document) across 56 drivers. In the six seconds prior to the maneuver, drivers checked their blind spot in 4% of the cases. This frequency increased to 8% when the maneuver was included. The prevalence of cyclist facilities was highest in the Netherlands, which is also the country where blind spot checks were performed most often. When not checking the blind spot, drivers mostly looked toward the road they were turning into. Country predicted neither the timing of sideway glances, nor whether there was any (right) sideways glance. Our findings may inform driver training to increase awareness of cyclists at urban intersections, as well as the design of other traffic safety measures.
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| 10. |
- Jansen, Reinier J, et al.
(author)
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Interactions with vulnerable road users
- 2017
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Within UDRIVE there has been a specific focus on pedestrians, cyclists and Powered Two Wheelers (PTWs). These groups of road users are particularly vulnerable in traffic because they lack the protective shell that helps preventing serious injury once involved in a collision. In addition, these transport modes have several features that make them more prone to getting involved in a crash, e.g. related to reduced conspicuity and for the two-wheelers the difficulty to remain in balance, either or not in combination with high speeds. This type of factors make that pedestrians, cyclists and PTWs have a high risk of getting fatally or seriously injured in traffic.Within UDRIVE, a large amount of ‘naturalistic’ data was collected to get more in-depth insight in the interactions of these groups with passenger cars and trucks. The aim was to identify and understand the everyday behavioural patterns in these interactions as well as the circumstances of conflicts or safety critical events in these interactions. The current Deliverable reported on the analyses and results of a number of specific interaction types.
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