| 1. |
- Ivarsson, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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A voltammetric electronic tongue
- 2005
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Ingår i: Chemical Senses. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0379-864X .- 1464-3553. ; 30, s. I258-i259
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Ivarsson, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Supervision of rinses in a washing machine by a voltammetric electronic tongue
- 2005
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Ingår i: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-4005 .- 1873-3077. ; 108:01-Feb, s. 851-857
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A study that investigates if it is possible to discriminate between the different rinses in a household washing machine with a voltammetric electronic tongue is concluded. The voltammetric electronic tongue applies a potential pulse train over two electrodes and measures the produced current. Multivariate data analysis is used to treat the data. In this paper, a simplified electronic tongue, with only 5% of the original current responses, is used. The rinses from 20 machine wash runs with four different prerequisites are investigated. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Soft-independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA) are used in order to classify the rinses. In PCA, only one of the rinses is classified erroneous, and in SIMCA none of the rinses are classified only to the wrong class, although 38% of the rinses are classitied to more than one class. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Söderström, Charlotte, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Differentiation of four Aspergillus species and one Zygosaccharomyces with two electronic tongues based on different measurement techniques
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1656 .- 1873-4863. ; 119:3, s. 300-308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two electronic tongues based on different measurement techniques were applied to the discrimination of four molds and one yeast. Chosen microorganisms were different species of Aspergillus and yeast specie Zygosaccharomyces bailii, which are known as food contaminants. The electronic tongue developed in Linköping University was based on voltammetry. Four working electrodes made of noble metals were used in a standard three-electrode configuration in this case. The St. Petersburg electronic tongue consisted of 27 potentiometric chemical sensors with enhanced cross-sensitivity. Sensors with chalcogenide glass and plasticized PVC membranes were used. Two sets of samples were measured using both electronic tongues. Firstly, broths were measured in which either one of the molds or the yeast grew until late logarithmic phase or border of the stationary phase. Broths inoculated by either one of molds or the yeast was measured at five different times during microorganism growth. Data were evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA), partial least square regression (PLS) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). It was found that both measurement techniques could differentiate between fungi species. Merged data from both electronic tongues improved differentiation of the samples in selected cases. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Söderström, Charlotte, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Use of an electronic tongue and HPLC with electrochemical detection to differentiate molds in culture media
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Journal of Food Microbiology. - 0168-1605 .- 1879-3460. ; 97:3, s. 247-257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A study was conducted to further evaluate an electronic tongue, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical (EC) and UV detection as a reference method. The electronic tongue consisted of four working electrodes made of different metals and arranged in a standard three-electrode configuration. Pulses of voltage were applied to the metals, and the current responses were sampled and collected in a data matrix. The objectives of the present investigation were to examine the ability of the electronic tongue to distinguish between two mold species growing in three different media, and to obtain support for the hypothesis that the device actually discriminates between different redox-active metabolites produced by the molds. Peak areas in EC and UV HPLC chromatograms were collected in a data matrix. The electronic tongue data and the EC and UV data were then subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). A number of peaks in the HPLC-EC chromatograms indicated that the growth media contained redox-active metabolites. Moreover, PCA of peak areas in EC chromatograms revealed differences between the distribution of redox-active metabolites produced by the two species and between the three culture media. The same pattern was apparent in a PCA score plot of electronic tongue data. The peaks in the UV and EC chromatograms differed, and these were also shown by the PCA score plots.
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| 5. |
- Winquist, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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An electronic tongue in the dairy industry
- 2005
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Ingår i: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-4005 .- 1873-3077. ; 111, s. 299-304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of electronic tongues or taste sensors has developed rapidly during recent years due to their large potential. They are based on electrochemical sensors combined with multivariate data analysis. Voltammetric electronic tongues have proven valuable in many applications. Due to their ruggedness and simplicity, they have been found especially suitable for on-line monitoring of industrial processes. A voltammetric electronic tongue, specially designed for use in the dairy industry is described. It consisted of four working electrodes (gold, platinum, rhodium and stainless steel), embedded in PEEK (TM). It was mounted in a housing of stainless steel, which was inserted in the process line for direct on-line measurements. The voltammetric electronic tongue was used to follow different sources of milk coming into the process and to monitor the cleaning process. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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