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- Scott, Matthew, et al.
(författare)
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Conclusion: A Research and Policy Agenda for Addressing Displacement in the Context of Disasters and Climate Change
- 2020
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Ingår i: Climate change, disasters and internal displacement in Asia and the Pacific: A human rights-based approach. - Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021. : Routledge. - 9780367857875 - 9780367625818 - 9781003015062
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter suggests ways forward in both policy and research. It establishes that legal and policy frameworks have little value without implementation, and multiple factors beyond these frameworks affect the extent to which people are protected from and during displacement and whether durable solutions to displacement are ultimately realised. Internationally, UN agencies, treaty monitoring bodies, and mandate holders such as the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons can continue to draw attention to the human rights issues that arise when people are exposed to displacement risk. Civil society, academic, and other actors have an opportunity to highlight displacement in the context of disasters and climate change in shadow reports and other communications that inform these processes. Systematic human rights-based research into national and sub-national legal and policy frameworks provides important insight into good practices, facilitates comparison across countries and regions, and establishes a foundation for technical cooperation.
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| 6. |
- Wranne, Jonatan
(författare)
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Produktdatabaser: miljöfördelar med återbruk Klimatfördelar med återbruk av IT-produkter samt metod för databasskapande
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här rapporten innehåller två delar. Den första delen är en metodbeskrivning för hur man kan ta fram en databas för miljöfördelar av återbruk, anpassad för en viss samhällsaktör och produktsektor. Den andra delen är en applicering av metoden på IT-produkter, med fokus på klimatpåverkan, och innehåller en databas för klimatfördelar av återbruk av IT-produkter. I den här metoden för beräkning av miljöfördelar med återbruk så är påverkan från återbruk beräknat som skillnaden mellan att en produkt antingen återbrukas eller köps ny. Detta innebär att produktionen av en ny produkt undviks, samt dess transport till kund, avfallshantering och transport till avfallshantering. Dock adderas påverkan från rekonditioneringsprocessen och transporter till och från rekonditioneringen. En ”databas för miljöfördelar med återbruk” framtagen enligt den här metoden är en tabell över produktkategorier som återbrukas med data på potentiell miljöbesparing. Databasen är främst tänkt att användas inom Sverige av en återbruksaktör av IT-produkter för att kunna hjälpa sina kunder att beräkna fördelen av deras återbruk förutsatt att ”införskaffandet av en återbrukad produkt leder till att en nytillverkad, liknande produkt, inte införskaffas och därmed inte tillverkas”.
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| 7. |
- Aartsen, M. G., et al.
(författare)
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Multiwavelength follow-up of a rare IceCube neutrino multiplet
- 2017
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP SCIENCES S A. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 607
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On February 17, 2016, the IceCube real-time neutrino search identified, for the first time, three muon neutrino candidates arriving within 100 s of one another, consistent with coming from the same point in the sky. Such a triplet is expected once every 13.7 years as a random coincidence of background events. However, considering the lifetime of the follow-up program the probability of detecting at least one triplet from atmospheric background is 32%. Follow-up observatories were notified in order to search for an electromagnetic counterpart. Observations were obtained by Swift's X-ray telescope, by ASAS-SN, LCO and MASTER at optical wavelengths, and by VERITAS in the very-high-energy gamma-ray regime. Moreover, the Swift BAT serendipitously observed the location 100 s after the first neutrino was detected, and data from the Fermi LAT and HAWC observatory were analyzed. We present details of the neutrino triplet and the follow-up observations. No likely electromagnetic counterpart was detected, and we discuss the implications of these constraints on candidate neutrino sources such as gamma-ray bursts, core-collapse supernovae and active galactic nucleus flares. This study illustrates the potential of and challenges for future follow-up campaigns.
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| 8. |
- Aartsen, M. G., et al.
(författare)
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Very high-energy gamma-ray follow-up program using neutrino triggers from IceCube
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe and report the status of a neutrino-triggered program in IceCube that generates real-time alerts for gamma-ray follow-up observations by atmospheric-Cherenkov telescopes (MAGIC and VERITAS). While IceCube is capable of monitoring the whole sky continuously, high-energy gamma-ray telescopes have restricted fields of view and in general are unlikely to be observing a potential neutrino-flaring source at the time such neutrinos are recorded. The use of neutrino-triggered alerts thus aims at increasing the availability of simultaneous multi-messenger data during potential neutrino flaring activity, which can increase the discovery potential and constrain the phenomenological interpretation of the high-energy emission of selected source classes (e. g. blazars). The requirements of a fast and stable online analysis of potential neutrino signals and its operation are presented, along with first results of the program operating between 14 March 2012 and 31 December 2015.
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- Asplund, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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- 2016
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Ingår i: Measurement. - : Elsevier BV. - 0263-2241 .- 1873-412X. ; 92, s. 19-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reliable data with less variation play a key role for acceptance of the usefulness of the measurement output of a wheel profile measurement system (WPMS) in a railway network. However, in practice, most studies are carried out without checking the reliability of data from such a system, which may lead to inappropriate maintenance strategies. To ensure the measurement capability of WPMS and to support robust maintenance in railway systems, this study has evaluated measurement data for the flange height, flange thickness, flange slope, and tread hollowing of rolling stock wheels by using gauge repeatability and reproducibility (GR&R). In this study, acceptance and rejection criteria for the precision-to-tolerance ratio (PTR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and discrimination ratio (DR) have been employed to evaluate the measurement capabilities. For the purpose of illustration, we have implemented a new proposed approach. This approach involves both an analysis using graphs with four regions with a confidence interval (CI) of 95% and an analysis using a graph with three regions with only the predicted values; the latter type of graph represents an innovation made in this study. The results show that the measurements of the tread hollowing and flange slope are on an acceptable level, while those for the flange height and flange thickness have to be rejected as unacceptable. The action proposed to increase the quality of data on the flange height and flange thickness is to enhance the calibration of the WPMS. In conclusion, GR&R is a useful tool to evaluate the measurement capability of WPMS and to provide helpful support for maintenance decision making.
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| 10. |
- Abramowski, A., et al.
(författare)
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Search for TeV Gamma-ray Emission from GRB 100621A, an extremely bright GRB in X-rays, with HESS
- 2014
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 565, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The long gamma-ray burst (GRB) 100621A, at the time the brightest X-ray transient ever detected by Swift-XRT in the 0.3-10 keV range, has been observed with the H.E.S.S. imaging air Cherenkov telescope array, sensitive to gamma radiation in the very-high-energy (VHE, >100 GeV) regime. Due to its relatively small redshift of z similar to 0.5, the favourable position in the southern sky and the relatively short follow-up time (<700 s after the satellite trigger) of the H.E.S.S. observations, this GRB could be within the sensitivity reach of the HESS. instrument. The analysis of the HESS. data shows no indication of emission and yields an integral flux upper limit above similar to 380 GeV of 4.2 x 10(-12) cm(-2) s(-1) s (95% confidence level), assuming a simple Band function extension model. A comparison to a spectral-temporal model, normalised to the prompt flux at sub-MeV energies, constraints the existence of a temporally extended and strong additional hard power law, as has been observed in the other bright X-ray GRB 130427A. A comparison between the HESS. upper limit and the contemporaneous energy output in X-rays constrains the ratio between the X-ray and VHE gamma-ray fluxes to be greater than 0.4. This value is an important quantity for modelling the afterglow and can constrain leptonic emission scenarios, where leptons are responsible for the X-ray emission and might produce VHE gamma rays.
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