| 1. |
- Clark, Andrew G., et al.
(författare)
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Evolution of genes and genomes on the Drosophila phylogeny
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 450:7167, s. 203-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comparative analysis of multiple genomes in a phylogenetic framework dramatically improves the precision and sensitivity of evolutionary inference, producing more robust results than single-genome analyses can provide. The genomes of 12 Drosophila species, ten of which are presented here for the first time (sechellia, simulans, yakuba, erecta, ananassae, persimilis, willistoni, mojavensis, virilis and grimshawi), illustrate how rates and patterns of sequence divergence across taxa can illuminate evolutionary processes on a genomic scale. These genome sequences augment the formidable genetic tools that have made Drosophila melanogaster a pre-eminent model for animal genetics, and will further catalyse fundamental research on mechanisms of development, cell biology, genetics, disease, neurobiology, behaviour, physiology and evolution. Despite remarkable similarities among these Drosophila species, we identified many putatively non-neutral changes in protein-coding genes, non-coding RNA genes, and cis-regulatory regions. These may prove to underlie differences in the ecology and behaviour of these diverse species.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Hougaard, K. S., et al.
(författare)
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No evidence for enhanced noise induced hearing loss after prenatal stress or dexamethasone
- 2007
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Ingår i: Neurotoxicol Teratol. - : Elsevier BV. - 0892-0362. ; 29:6, s. 613-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It was recently implied that prenatal stress and fetal exposure to glucocorticoids may interfere with hearing ability and noise induced hearing loss in adulthood. In the present study pregnant Wistar rats were stressed during gestation by Chronic Mild Stress (CMS, a variable schedule of different stressors) or by dexamethasone (a synthetic glucocorticoid, i.e. a pharmacological stressor). At birth, but not at weaning, the dexamethasone offspring exhibited significantly decreased body weight compared to both control offspring and progeny from dams exposed to CMS during pregnancy. As adults, male offspring were exposed to 105 dB sound pressure level (SPL) wide band noise either continuously for eight hours or for two hours per day on three consecutive days. Oto-acoustic emissions and auditory brainstem responses were recorded before and after exposure to noise. Neither prenatal chronic stress nor prenatal dexamethasone exposure was associated with significantly enhanced noise induced hearing loss compared to controls, and these results were consistent in both subsets of animals. Our data do not support previous reports that prenatal exposure to mild stress nor to dexamethasone is detrimental to the hearing organ per se. However, hearing may be modulated by prenatal stressors under certain circumstances, of which the timing and degree are probably the most important.
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| 4. |
- Isacson, D, et al.
(författare)
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Fluctuating functions related to quality of life in advanced Parkinson disease : effects of duodenal levodopa infusion
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0001-6314 .- 1600-0404. ; 118:6, s. 379-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To assess fluctuations in quality of life (QoL) and motor performance in patients with advanced Parkinson disease (PD) treated with continuous daytime duodenal levodopa/carbidopa infusion or conventional therapy. METHODS: Of 18 patients completing a 6-week trial (DIREQT), 12 were followed for up to 6 months and assessed using electronic diaries and the PD Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39). RESULTS: During the trial and follow-up, major diurnal fluctuations were observed, especially for hyperkinesia, 'off' time, ability to walk and depression. Duodenal infusion was associated with significantly more favourable outcomes compared with conventional treatment for satisfaction with overall functioning, 'off' time and ability to walk, with improved outcomes with PDQ-39. CONCLUSIONS: Relative to conventional treatment, infusion therapy may stabilize and significantly improve motor function and patient's QoL. The potential for daily fluctuation in PD symptoms means single measures of treatment effectiveness can result in bias in effect estimates and hence repeated measures are recommended.
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| 5. |
- Larsson, Britt, et al.
(författare)
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Responses of algesic and metabolic substances to 8 h of repetitive manual work in myalgic human trapezius muscle
- 2008
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Ingår i: Pain. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0304-3959 .- 1872-6623. ; 140:3, s. 479-490
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The trapezius muscle often develops pain as the result of repetitive and stressful work tasks although it is unclear to what extent this pain is due to alterations in muscle concentrations of algesic/nociceptive substances. Twenty women with chronic neck- and shoulder pain (TM) whose work required highly repetitive work tasks and 20 pain-free female colleagues (CON) were studied during and after a full 8-hour workday. We collected microdialysates from their dominant/most painful trapezius muscle; concentrations of serotonin, glutamate, lactate, pyruvate, potassium, bradykinin, and cytokines and blood flow were determined. In addition, we measured surface electromyogram, task exposure level, pain intensity, perceived mental stress, and urine-cortisol. In connection to the clinical neck and Shoulder examination, we determined pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) over the trapezius and tibialis muscles. TM had higher concentrations Of glutamate (71 +/- 42 vs. 36 +/- 15 mu mol l(-1)) and pyruvate (187 +/- 89 vs. 125 +/- 63 mu mol l(-1)) than CON. Interstitial serotonin was higher ill TM (before work: 10.6 +/- 10.8 vs. 2.2 +/- 1.2 nM; after work: 9.2 +/- 8.3 vs. 1.5 +/- 2.9 nM). The trapezius blood flow during the working day was higher in TM than in CON. TM had lower PPT and higher pain intensity throughout the working day. No differences in EMG, task exposure level, Mental Stress, Or Urine-cortisol in the groups were found. These findings Support the idea that peripheral nociceptive processes are activated ill Occupationally active Subjects, who are diagnosed with trapezius myalgia. In contrast, no sign of low blood flow or increased stress or muscle activity markers were found in TM.
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| 8. |
- Rosendal, L., et al.
(författare)
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Increased levels of interstitial potassium but normal levels of muscle IL-6 and LDH in patients with trapezius myalgia
- 2005
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Ingår i: Pain. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0304-3959 .- 1872-6623. ; 119:03-jan, s. 201-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanisms behind the development of work-related trapezius pain are suggested to involve both peripheral and central components, but the specific contribution of alterations in muscle nociceptive and other substances is not clear. Female patients with chronic trapezius myalgia (N = 19; TM) and female controls (N = 20; CON) were studied at rest, during 20 min repetitive low-force exercise and recovery, and had their interstitial concentrations of potassium (K+), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and collagen turnover determined in the trapezius muscle by the microdialysis technique. K+ levels were at all time points higher in TM than in CON (P < 0.0001). Baseline levels of LDH and IL-6 were similar in both groups. In response to exercise pain intensity, rated perceived exertion, and the concentrations of K+, LDH and IL-6 increased significantly in both groups. [K+] immediately decreased to baseline levels in CON but remained elevated during the first 20 min of recovery in TM (P < 0.01) whereafter it returned to baseline level. In all subjects taken together mean [K+] correlated negatively with pressure pain threshold of trapezius (P < 0.001), positively with mean pain intensity VAS (P < 0.001) and mean perceived exertion (P < 0.001). Rises in muscle LDH and IL-6 as well as the anabolic ratio for collagen type I was not significantly different between groups. In conclusion, patients with chronic pain in the trapezius muscle had increased levels of interstitial potassium. This finding could be causally related to myalgia or secondary to pain due to deconditioned muscle or altered muscle activity pattern.
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