| 1. |
- Jensen Waern, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in domestic pigs with focus on the amino acid metabolism
- 2009
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Ingår i: Laboratory Animals. - : SAGE Publications. - 0023-6772 .- 1758-1117. ; 43:3, s. 249-254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Streptozotocin (STZ) given intravenously destroys pancreatic beta cells and is widely used in animal models to mimic type 1 diabetes. The effects of STZ on the clinical state of health and metabolism were studied in six high health certified domestic pigs weighing 19 +/- 1.3 kg at the start of the experiment. A single STZ dose of 150 mg/kg of body weight successfully induced hyperglycaemia and alterations in amino acid metabolism. Within 9 h after STZ administration, the blood glucose values fell from 5.4-7.5 mmol/L to 0.8-2.2 mmol/L. Hypoglycaemia was treated with 0.5 g glucose/kg body weight. In all pigs, hyperglycaemia was produced 24 h after STZ treatment, and 3 days after STZ injection, the glucose concentration was >25 mmol/L. Mean C-peptide concentration was 0.25 +/- 0.16 mug/L since 2 days after STZ injection until the end of the study. The serum concentration of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) increased four-fold, and alanine and taurine decreased by approximately 70% and 50%, respectively, after STZ treatment. All but one pig remained brisk and the physical examination was normal except for a retarded growth rate and a reduction of the skeletal muscle. At the end of the study, the pigs were moderately emaciated. Postmortem examination confirmed muscle wasting and a reduction of abdominal and subcutaneous fat. In conclusion, STZ-induced diabetes in pigs fulfils the requirements for a good animal model for type 1 diabetes with respect to clinical signs of the disease and alterations in the carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism.
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| 2. |
- Kruse, Robert, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Blood concentrations of the cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma during experimentally induced swine dysentery
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. - : BioMed Central. - 0044-605X .- 1751-0147. ; 50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the cytokine response at infection with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae can help understanding disease mechanism involved during swine dysentery. Since this knowledge is still limited the aim of the present study was to induce dysentery experimentally in pigs and to monitor the development of important immunoregulatory cytokines in blood collected at various stages of the disease.METHODS: Ten conventional pigs (~23 kg) were orally inoculated with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae B204T. Eight animals developed muco-haemorrhagic diarrhoea with impaired general body condition. Blood was sampled before inoculation and repeatedly during acute dysentery and recovery periods and cytokine levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, Il-10, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma were measured by ELISA.RESULTS: IL-1beta was increased at the beginning of the dysentery period and coincided with the appearance of Serum amyloid A and clinical signs of disease. TNF-alpha increased in all animals after inoculation, with a peak during dysentery, and IL-6 was found in 3 animals during dysentery and in the 2 animals that did not develop clinical signs of disease. IL-10 was found in all sick animals during the recovery period. IFN-gamma was not detected on any occasion.CONCLUSION: B. hyodysenteriae inoculation induced production of systemic levels of IL-1beta during the dysentery period and increased levels of IL-10 coincided with recovery from dysentery.
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