| 1. |
- Dietzenbacher, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring the effects of energy transition : A structural decomposition analysis of the change in renewable energy use between 2000 and 2014
- 2020
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619. ; 258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the growth in global renewable energy use between 2000 and 2014. To identify its main contributors and their geographical distribution, a structural decomposition analysis is applied to global multi-regional input-output tables. A new variant of this type of analysis is developed that introduces energy transition (i.e. the substitution of non-renewable energy by renewable energy) as one of the contributors. Global renewable energy use rose by 22.1 Exa Joules (EJ), from 57.8 EJ in 2000 to 79.9 in 2014. The contribution of energy transition at the global level to this 22.1 EJ increase was small and positive (+1.3 EJ). As for the geographical distribution of the effects, positive effects are found for the European Union and the United States, negative effects for China, India, and the Rest of the World (which includes many developing and emerging countries). Trade structure changes also had a small effect on global renewable energy use (+1.1 EJ). The main contributions were the worldwide changes in: technology and overall energy efficiency (−23.6 EJ); consumption per capita (+32.2EJ); and population (+11.0 EJ).
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| 2. |
- Jiborn, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Consumption versus Technology: Drivers of Global Carbon Emissions 2000–2014
- 2020
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1073. ; 13:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study utilizes recently published environmental extensions to the World Input–Output Database (WIOD) to compare production-based, consumption-based and technology-adjusted carbon emissions for 44 countries and country groups for the period 2000 to 2014. Results show some significant shifts in global emission trends compared to similar studies of the period before 2009. For 20 European Union (EU) countries and the US, emissions decreased over the period regardless of measure, and the same was true for the EU. Since GDP grew in 18 of these countries, the results provide unambiguous evidence for absolute, albeit modest, decoupling of economic growth from carbon emissions. The large increase in global emissions that nevertheless occurred during the period was driven almost entirely by increasing consumption in China and developing countries.
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| 3. |
- Kulionis, Viktoras, et al.
(författare)
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Explaining decoupling in high income countries : A structural decomposition analysis of the change in energy footprint from 1970 to 2009
- 2020
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Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442. ; 194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The decoupling of energy use from economic growth is an essential element in the transition to a sustainable future. However, little is known about the long-term drivers of decoupling, especially considering the possibility that it is at least partially due to increased trade. This study uses structural decomposition analysis to examine the main factors that contribute to changes in the energy footprint of Denmark, the United Kingdom, France and the United States of America back to 1970. The results show that the changes in energy footprint have been driven mainly by two countervailing forces: declines in energy intensity and increases in consumption per capita. Energy efficiency improvements that take place abroad play an increasingly important role. In recent years they accounted for a greater share of the reduction in energy footprint than domestic energy efficiency improvements. The trade sourcing effect was negligible in the beginning of the study period but has grown in importance since 1995 and accelerated the growth of the energy footprint by roughly 0.5% per year. Whilst the electricity sector has clearly played the dominant role, the contribution of factor changes in services and manufacturing should not be overlooked.
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