| 1. |
- Linder, Astrid, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Acceleration pulses and crash severity in low velocity rear impacts—real world data and barrier tests
- 2001
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Ingår i: ESV Conference. Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Dummy responses in a crash test can vary depending not only on the change of velocity but also on how the impact was generated. Literature reporting how acceleration pulses can vary in cars impacted in different configurations is limited. The aim of this study was to collect and categorise different acceleration pulses in 3 different types of rear collision. The acceleration pulse resulting from a solid, 1000 kg, mobile barrier test at 40% overlap and an impact velocity of 15 km/h was studied for 33 different cars. Seven cars were impacted at 100% overlap at higher impact velocities using the same mobile barrier. Acceleration pulses from two different car types in real-world collisions producing a similar change of velocity were also analysed.The results from the barrier tests show that a similar change of velocity can be generated by a large variety of pulse shapes in low velocity rear impacts. The results from real-world collisions showed that a similar change of velocity was generated in different ways both in terms of peak and mean acceleration. The results of this study highlight the importance of knowing the acceleration pulse both when evaluating the severity of a real world crash and when designing test methods for evaluating vehicle safety performance in low velocity rear-end impacts, particularly in respect of soft tissue neck injuries.
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| 2. |
- Svensson, Mats, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Final report EEVC European Enhanced Vehicle-safety Committee Ad-Hoc Group on Whiplash Injuries and EEVC WG12 Advanced Anthropometric Adult Crash Dummies
- 2002
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- SummarySeveral proposals for a test procedure for neck injury protection assessment have beenpublished. A good deal of data are available to serve as a basis for the choice of; test set-up(e.g. full vehicle test, sled test), accident severity (delta-v, acceleration characteristic) andcrash dummy type.There is however a lack of information regarding the choice of a neck injury criterion and atolerance level. There are however promising activities under way, for instance in the ongoingEU-project "Whiplash II".The EEVC ad-hoc working group on whiplash injuries recommends that a new EEVC activityon rear impact is established. Although much research work has taken place there are stillsignificant gaps in the knowledge base, before a full regulatory test procedures can be fullyadopted. The ad-hoc group feels that a new EEVC activity would have an important role toplay in initiating and evaluating new research to fill these gaps.Future tasks for any new EEVC activity would include:a) Test proceduresb) Test devices (crash dummies).c) Assessment criteriad) Validation
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| 3. |
- Tengström, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Men with schizophrenia who behave violently : the usefulness of an early- versus late-start offender typology.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Schizophrenia Bulletin. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0586-7614 .- 1745-1701. ; 27:2, s. 205-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Persons who develop schizophrenia are more likely than nondisordered persons to commit crimes. It is important to investigate those who offend, in order to develop treatment programs that effectively prevent recidivism, and eventually, early childhood violence prevention programs. Recent studies have shown that among offenders with major mental disorders, there are two groups: early starters, who begin their criminal careers in adolescence; and late starters, who first offend as adults. The present study examined 272 violent male offenders with schizophrenia in Sweden who underwent a pretrial psychiatric assessment between 1988 and 1995. Early- and late-start offenders were found to present differences in behavior, comorbid disorders, personality traits, and referrals for treatment in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Their parents also differed. The findings have implications for treatment and management of offenders with schizophrenia, for risk assessment, and for prevention.
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| 4. |
- Tengström, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Psychopathy (PCL-R) as a predictor of violent recidivism among criminal offenders with schizophrenia.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Law and human behavior. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0147-7307 .- 1573-661X. ; 24:1, s. 45-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hare's Psychopathy Checklist--Revised (PCL-R) was used to test the hypothesis that psychopathy predicts violent recidivism in a cohort subjected to forensic psychiatric investigation and consisting of male violent offenders with schizophrenia (N = 202). Psychopathy was assessed with retrospective file-based ratings. Mean follow-up time after detainment was 51 months. Twenty-two percent of the offenders had a PCL-R score > or = 26 (cutoff), and the base rate for violent recidivism (reconvictions) during follow-up was 21%. Survival analysis revealed that psychopathy was strongly associated to violent recidivism (log-rank = 17.71, df = 1, p < 0.0001). The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) of PCL-R total score to predict violent recidivism varied between different time frames from .64 to .75. Cox regression analyses revealed that other potential risk factors could not equally well or better explain violent recidivism in the cohort than psychopathy as measured by PCL-R.
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| 5. |
- Tengström, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Schizophrenia and criminal offending : the role of psychopathy and substance use disorders
- 2004
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Ingår i: Criminal justice and behavior. - Thousand Oaks : Sage Publications. - 0093-8548 .- 1552-3594. ; 31:4, s. 367-391
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the associations of psychopathy and substance use disorders (SUDs) with criminal offending among 202 men with schizophrenia and 78 men with a primary diagnosis of psychopathy. Comparisons among six groups of offenders indicated that non-mentally ill offenders diagnosed with psychopathy committed the highest numbers of offenses per year at risk. Among offenders with schizophrenia, those with high psychopathy scores committed more crimes than those with low psychopathy scores. Among non-mentally ill offenders with psychopathy and schizophrenic offenders with high psychopathy scores, those with and without SUDs committed, on average, similar numbers of offenses. These findings Suggest that among offenders with psychopathic traits, the traits, not substance abuse, are associated with criminal offending.
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