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| 2. |
- Singh, Rajesh, et al.
(författare)
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Removal of sulphate, COD and Cr(VI) in simulated and real wastewater by sulphate reducing bacteria enrichment in small bioreactor and FTIR study
- 2011
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 102:2, s. 677-682
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study was conducted to investigate the chromium(VI), COD and sulphate removal efficiency from aqueous solution and treatment of real effluent (CETP) in a small scale bioreactor using sulphate reducing bacteria consortium. Effect of different hydraulic retention times (HRTs), initial metal concentrations, various carbon sources and temperatures were studied on removal of chromium(VI), COD and sulphate. Maximum chromium(VI) and sulphate removal was found to be 96.0% and 82.0%, respectively, at initial concentration of 50 mg l(-1) using lactate as carbon source. However, highest COD removal was 36.2% in medium containing fructose as the carbon source and electron donor. NADH dependent chromate reductase activity was not observed which indicated the anaerobic consortium. Initially consortium medium with a strong negative oxidation reduction potential indicated the reducing activity. The FTIR spectrum of the sulphate reducing bacteria consortium clearly shows the existence of the sulphate ions and signifies that sulfate reducing bacteria have used sulfate during the growth phase.
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| 3. |
- Desai, Nikita, et al.
(författare)
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Performance of four computer-coded verbal autopsy methods for cause of death assignment compared with physician coding on 24,000 deaths in low- and middle-income countries
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Medicine. - : BioMed Central. - 1741-7015. ; 12:1, s. 20-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Physician-coded verbal autopsy (PCVA) is the most widely used method to determine causes of death (CODs) in countries where medical certification of death is uncommon. Computer-coded verbal autopsy (CCVA) methods have been proposed as a faster and cheaper alternative to PCVA, though they have not been widely compared to PCVA or to each other.METHODS: We compared the performance of open-source random forest, open-source tariff method, InterVA-4, and the King-Lu method to PCVA on five datasets comprising over 24,000 verbal autopsies from low- and middle-income countries. Metrics to assess performance were positive predictive value and partial chance-corrected concordance at the individual level, and cause-specific mortality fraction accuracy and cause-specific mortality fraction error at the population level.RESULTS: The positive predictive value for the most probable COD predicted by the four CCVA methods averaged about 43% to 44% across the datasets. The average positive predictive value improved for the top three most probable CODs, with greater improvements for open-source random forest (69%) and open-source tariff method (68%) than for InterVA-4 (62%). The average partial chance-corrected concordance for the most probable COD predicted by the open-source random forest, open-source tariff method and InterVA-4 were 41%, 40% and 41%, respectively, with better results for the top three most probable CODs. Performance generally improved with larger datasets. At the population level, the King-Lu method had the highest average cause-specific mortality fraction accuracy across all five datasets (91%), followed by InterVA-4 (72% across three datasets), open-source random forest (71%) and open-source tariff method (54%).CONCLUSIONS: On an individual level, no single method was able to replicate the physician assignment of COD more than about half the time. At the population level, the King-Lu method was the best method to estimate cause-specific mortality fractions, though it does not assign individual CODs. Future testing should focus on combining different computer-coded verbal autopsy tools, paired with PCVA strengths. This includes using open-source tools applied to larger and varied datasets (especially those including a random sample of deaths drawn from the population), so as to establish the performance for age- and sex-specific CODs.
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| 4. |
- Thaduri, Adithya, et al.
(författare)
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Failure modeling of constant fraction discriminator using physics of failure approach
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering (IJRQSE). - 0218-5393. ; 20:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to several advancements in the technology trends in electronics, the reliability prediction by the constant failure methods and standards no longer provide accurate time to failure. The physics of failure methodology provides a detailed insight on the operation, failure point location and causes of failure for old, existing and newly developed components with consideration of failure mechanisms. Since safety is a major criteria for the nuclear industries, the failure modeling of advanced custom made critical components that exists on signal conditioning module are need to be studied with higher confidence. One of the components, constant fraction discriminator, is the critical part at which the failure phenomenon and modeling by regression is studied in this paper using physics of failure methodology.
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| 5. |
- Thaduri, Adithya, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability prediction of semiconductor devices using modified physics of failure approach
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Systems Assurance Engineering and Management. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0975-6809 .- 0976-4348. ; 4:1, s. 33-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traditional approaches like MIL-HDBK, Telcordia, and PRISM etc. have limitation in accurately predicting the reliability due to advancement in technology, process, materials etc. As predicting the reliability is the major concern in the field of electronics, physics of failure approach gained considerable importance as it involves investigating the root-cause which further helps in reliability growth by redesigning the structure, changing the parameters at manufacturer level and modifying the items at circuit level. On the other hand, probability and statistics methods provide quantitative data with reliability indices from testing by experimentation and by simulations. In this paper, qualitative data from PoF approach and quantitative data from the statistical analysis is combined to form a modified physics of failure approach. This methodology overcomes some of the challenges faced by PoF approach as it involves detailed analysis of stress factors, data modeling and prediction. A decision support system is added to this approach to choose the best option from different failure data models, failure mechanisms, failure criteria and other factors.
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| 6. |
- Thaduri, Adithya, et al.
(författare)
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Stress factor and failure analysis of constant fraction discriminator using design of experiments
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering (IJRQSE). - 0218-5393. ; 20:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reliability prediction using traditional approaches were implemented at earlier stages of electronics. But due to advancements in science and technology, the above models are outdated. The alternative approach, physics of failure provides exhaustive information on basic failure phenomenon with failure mechanisms, failure modes and failure analysis becomes prominent because this method depends on factors like materials, processes, technology, etc., of the component. Constant fraction discriminators which is important component in NFMS needs to study failure characteristics and this paper provides this information on failure characteristics using physics of failure approach. Apart from that, the combined physics of failure approach with the statistical methods such as design of experiments, accelerated testing and failure distribution models to quantify time to failure of this electronic component by radiation and temperature as stress parameters. The SEM analysis of the component is carried out by decapsulating the samples and studied the impact of stress parameters on the device layout.
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| 7. |
- Thaduri, Adithya, et al.
(författare)
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Study of reliability aspects in constant fraction discriminator
- 2011
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Ingår i: 5th International Conference on Quality, Reliability and Information Technology (ICQRIT). - Kathmandu. ; , s. 1-7
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reliability prediction using conventional constant failure models by standard books in early phases of electronics dominates wide acceptance. But after 1980s, there was wide variation in electronic technology which made above models obsolete. Physics of Failure approach provides information on basic failure phenomenon with failure mechanisms and failure modes becomes prominent as it entirely depends on materials, processes, technology etc. Constant fraction discriminators which are failing frequently in the field need to be studied and this paper provides information on failure characteristics using physics of failure approach. Apart from that, we combined statistical methods such as Design of Experiments, Accelerated testing and failure distribution models to quantify time to failure of this electronic component by radiation and temperature as stress parameters.
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| 8. |
- Astruc, Marine, et al.
(författare)
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Cluster detection and field-of-view quality rating : Applied to automated Pap-smear analysis
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proc. 2nd International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods. - : SciTePress. - 9789898565419 ; , s. 355-364
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Automated cervical cancer screening systems require high resolution analysis of a large number of epithelial cells, involving complex algorithms, mainly analysing the shape and texture of cell nuclei. This can be a very time consuming process. An initial selection of relevant fields-of-view in low resolution images could limit the number of fields to be further analysed at a high resolution. In particular, the detection of cell clusters is of interest for nuclei segmentation improvement, and for diagnostic purpose, malignant and endometrial cells being more prone to stick together in clusters than other cells. In this paper, we propose methods aiming at evaluating the quality of fields-of-view in bright-field microscope images of cervical cells. The approach consists in the construction of neighbourhood graphs using the nuclei as the set of vertices. Transformations are then applied on such graphs in order to highlight the main structures in the image. The methods result in the delineation of regions with varying cell density and the identification of cell clusters. Clustering methods are evaluated using a dataset of manually delineated clusters and compared to a related work.
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| 9. |
- Balhuizen, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Activation of G protein-coupled receptor 30 modulates hormone secretion and counteracts cytokine-induced apoptosis in pancreatic islets of female mice.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-8057 .- 0303-7207. ; 320, s. 16-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of the newly discovered estrogen receptor GPR30 in islet physiology and pathophysiology is unclear. We examined GPR30 expression in relation to hormone secretion and possible anti-apoptotic effects in isolated mouse islets using the synthetic GPR30 ligand G-1. The mRNA and protein expression of GPR30 was analyzed by qPCR, Western blot and confocal microscopy. Hormone secretion and cAMP content were determined with RIA and apoptosis in islet cells with the Annexin-V method. GPR30 mRNA and protein expression was markedly higher in islets from females compared to male. This gender difference was not found for the genomic estrogen receptors ERalpha and ERbeta, the ERalpha expression being 10-fold higher than ERbeta in both genders. Confocal microscopy revealed abounden GPR30 expression in insulin, glucagon and somatostatin cells. Dose-response studies of G-1 vs 17beta-estradiol in isolated islets at 1 or 12mM glucose showed an almost identical pattern in that both compounds increased insulin and inhibited glucagon and somatostatin secretion. ICI-182,780 and EM-652, potent antagonists of the 17beta-estradiol receptors (ERalpha and ERbeta) did not influence the amplifying effect of G-1 or 17beta-estradiol on cAMP content or insulin secretion from isolated islets. Cytokine-induced (IL-1beta+TNFalpha+INFgamma) apoptosis in islets, cultured for 24h at 5mM glucose, was almost abolished by G-1 or 17beta-estradiol treatment. Addition of ICI-182,780 or EM-652 did not affect this beneficial effect of G-1 or 17beta-estradiol. Taken together, our findings show that GPR30 is expressed in most islet endocrine cells. The synthetic GPR30 ligand G-1 mimics the non-genomic effects of 17beta-estradiol on islet hormone secretion, cAMP content in islets and its anti-apoptotic effects. G-1 or analogs thereof might be new potential candidates in the therapeutic strategy for type 2 diabetes in women.
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