| 1. |
- Abbafati, Cristiana, et al.
(författare)
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- 2020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Krishan, Gopal, et al.
(författare)
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Isotopes (6(18)O,6D and H-3) variations in groundwater with emphasis on salinization in the state of Punjab, India
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 789
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The state of Punjab has a dominant agrarian economy and is considered India's bread basket. However, it is now under the problem of falling agro-economy primarily because of pervasive depletion of groundwater levels and deteriorating groundwater quality in south-west Punjab, but increasing salinity is a major concern. The irrigation requirements of crops are fulfilled by groundwater and canal water but the introduction of canal irrigation has led to waterlogging and subsequent salinization rendering large fertile-land areas becoming unproductive mainly in the south-western part of Punjab. There was an apprehension that excessive withdrawal of groundwater might have caused a reversal of natural groundwater flow pattern that might have caused ingress of saline water into fresh groundwater region of central Punjab. To address the apprehension related to the rise in groundwater salinity and its subsequent ingression in the fresh-water zone and suggest suitable management solutions, a study was undertaken to analyse the data related to salinity, isotopes, land-use and land cover (LULC) along with field and laboratory experimental results. The depth-wise isotope analysis shows that there is a large variation in isotopic signatures of shallow and intermediate aquifers and it decreases with the depth of aquifers (150-250 m). It appears that very deep groundwater (>250 m) is relatively isolated and does not show a large variation or mixing effect. Tritium analysis shows that dynamic groundwater is actively recharged through canal, river, and/or rain. The presence of modern groundwater at deeper depth indicates a good interconnection between shallow and deep groundwater. Interpretations of the results show that the canal is the main source of groundwater recharge in south-west Punjab and the evaporation process is responsible for increasing the salinity hazard. In the central parts of Punjab, groundwater and rain are the main sources of groundwater recharge, while rain is the main source of groundwater recharge in the Kandi area. In the south-west Punjab, some primary salinity has formed as a result of mineral dissolution which has further increased due to evaporative enrichment.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Kaur, Ramanpreet, et al.
(författare)
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Structural and functional insights about unique extremophilic bacterial lipolytic enzyme from metagenome source
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. - : Elsevier. - 0141-8130 .- 1879-0003. ; 152, s. 593-604
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present investigation, a lipid hydrolyzing gene RPK01 was cloned from metagenome source of hot spring. Expression and purification of recombinant protein revealed single purified protein band of similar to 24 KDa on 12% SDS-PAGE, and is well corroborated with the deduced molecular weight of protein as calculated from its amino acid sequence. The purified protein displayed high activity towards short chain fatty acids and was found to be completely stable at 30 degrees C till 3h, it further retained similar to 40% activity at 50 degrees C and 60 degrees C temperature till 3h. Additionally, the pH stability assay showed its functionality in broad range of pH, with maximum stability observed at pH 2.0, it decreases from pH 4.0 to pH 12.0, and nearly showed 40% activity in these pH values. Both circular dichroism and intrinsic Trp fluorescence studies revealed conformational stability of protein structure at wide range of temperature and pH. Enzyme activity enhances in presence of non-ionic surfactants like Tween 20 and TritonX-100. Further, inhibitors of the active site residues including PMSF and DEPC alone were unable to inhibit enzyme activity, while cumulative presence of calcium and inhibitors reduces enzyme activity to 90%, indicating conformational changes in the protein. Molecular simulation dynamics analysis revealed a calcium binding site near the lid helix of this protein(Asn75-Ile80).
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| 5. |
- Rao, Subha Krishna, et al.
(författare)
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Structural, magnetic and evanescent wave gas sensing analysis of spin-frustrated rare earth doped Bi2Fe4O9 mullite ceramics at room temperature
- 2024
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Ingår i: Ceramics International. - : Elsevier. - 0272-8842 .- 1873-3956. ; 50:8, s. 13993-14001
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the gas sensing capabilities of bulk Bi2(1-x)La2xFe4O9 with x = 0, and 0.05 systems (BFO 0, BLFO 5), using a fiber optic VOC sensor at room temperature. Structural and magnetic characterizations confirm the successful incorporation of La3+ into the Bi site of the BFO 0 lattice without altering the structure. BLFO 5 exhibits remarkable gas sensitivity towards benzene, with a normalized gas sensitivity of 47 counts/100 ppm. This enhanced sensitivity is attributed to the presence of oxygen vacancies, which contribute to BLFO 5's weak ferromagnetism. The rapid response (43 s) and recovery (51 s) times further demonstrate the promising potential of multiferroic materials for VOC detection.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Sharma, R., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its risk factors, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2468-1253. ; 7:7, s. 627-647
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Given the recent increasing trends in colorectal cancer incidence globally, up-to-date information on the colorectal cancer burden could guide screening, early detection, and treatment strategies, and help effectively allocate resources. We examined the temporal patterns of the global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its risk factors in 204 countries and territories across the past three decades. Methods Estimates of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for colorectal cancer were generated as a part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 by age, sex, and geographical location for the period 1990-2019. Mortality estimates were produced using the cause of death ensemble model. We also calculated DALYs attributable to risk factors that had evidence of causation with colorectal cancer. Findings Globally, between 1990 and 2019, colorectal cancer incident cases more than doubled, from 842 098 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 810 408-868 574) to 2.17 million (2.00-2.34), and deaths increased from 518 126 (493 682-537 877) to 1.09 million (1.02-1.15). The global age-standardised incidence rate increased from 22.2 (95% UI 21.3-23.0) per 100 000 to 26.7 (24.6-28.9) per 100 000, whereas the age-standardised mortality rate decreased from 14.3 (13.5-14.9) per 100 000 to 13.7 (12.6-14.5) per 100 000 and the age-standardised DALY rate decreased from 308.5 (294.7-320.7) per 100 000 to 295.5 (275.2-313.0) per 100 000 from 1990 through 2019. Taiwan (province of China; 62.0 [48.9-80.0] per 100 000), Monaco (60.7 [48.5-73.6] per 100 000), and Andorra (56.6 [42.8-71.9] per 100 000) had the highest age-standardised incidence rates, while Greenland (31.4 [26.0-37.1] per 100 000), Brunei (30.3 [26.6-34.1] per 100 000), and Hungary (28.6 [23.6-34.0] per 100 000) had the highest age-standardised mortality rates. From 1990 through 2019, a substantial rise in incidence rates was observed in younger adults (age <50 years), particularly in high Socio-demographic Index (SDI) countries. Globally, a diet low in milk (15.6%), smoking (13.3%), a diet low in calcium (12.9%), and alcohol use (9.9%) were the main contributors to colorectal cancer DALYs in 2019. Interpretation The increase in incidence rates in people younger than 50 years requires vigilance from researchers, clinicians, and policy makers and a possible reconsideration of screening guidelines. The fast-rising burden in low SDI and middle SDI countries in Asia and Africa calls for colorectal cancer prevention approaches, greater awareness, and cost-effective screening and therapeutic options in these regions. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 8. |
- Tran, K. B., et al.
(författare)
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The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lancet. - 0140-6736. ; 400:10352, s. 563-591
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Alvarez, E. M., et al.
(författare)
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The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lancet Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1470-2045. ; 23:1, s. 27-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in adolescents and young adults (aged 15-39 years) are lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global cancer control measures in adolescents and young adults. Methods Using the GBD 2019 methodology, international mortality data were collected from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer registry inputs modelled with mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Incidence was computed with mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated using modelled survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated as age-specific cancer deaths multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. The main outcome was DALYs (the sum of YLLs and YLDs). Estimates were presented globally and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles (countries ranked and divided into five equal SDI groups), and all estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). For this analysis, we used the age range of 15-39 years to define adolescents and young adults. Findings There were 1.19 million (95% UI 1.11-1.28) incident cancer cases and 396 000 (370 000-425 000) deaths due to cancer among people aged 15-39 years worldwide in 2019. The highest age-standardised incidence rates occurred in high SDI (59.6 [54.5-65.7] per 100 000 person-years) and high-middle SDI countries (53.2 [48.8-57.9] per 100 000 person-years), while the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in low-middle SDI (14.2 [12.9-15.6] per 100 000 person-years) and middle SDI (13.6 [12.6-14.8] per 100 000 person-years) countries. In 2019, adolescent and young adult cancers contributed 23.5 million (21.9-25.2) DALYs to the global burden of disease, of which 2.7% (1.9-3.6) came from YLDs and 97.3% (96.4-98.1) from YLLs. Cancer was the fourth leading cause of death and tenth leading cause of DALYs in adolescents and young adults globally. Interpretation Adolescent and young adult cancers contributed substantially to the overall adolescent and young adult disease burden globally in 2019. These results provide new insights into the distribution and magnitude of the adolescent and young adult cancer burden around the world. With notable differences observed across SDI settings, these estimates can inform global and country-level cancer control efforts. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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