| 1. |
- Bowlin, Melissa, et al.
(författare)
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Grand Challenges in Migration Biology
- 2010
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Ingår i: Integrative and Comparative Biology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1540-7063 .- 1557-7023. ; 50:3, s. 261-279
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Billions of animals migrate each year. To successfully reach their destination, migrants must have evolved an appropriate genetic program and suitable developmental, morphological, physiological, biomechanical, behavioral, and life-history traits. Moreover, they must interact successfully with biotic and abiotic factors in their environment. Migration therefore provides an excellent model system in which to address several of the "grand challenges" in organismal biology. Previous research on migration, however, has often focused on a single aspect of the phenomenon, largely due to methodological, geographical, or financial constraints. Integrative migration biology asks 'big questions' such as how, when, where, and why animals migrate, which can be answered by examining the process from multiple ecological and evolutionary perspectives, incorporating multifaceted knowledge from various other scientific disciplines, and using new technologies and modeling approaches, all within the context of an annual cycle. Adopting an integrative research strategy will provide a better understanding of the interactions between biological levels of organization, of what role migrants play in disease transmission, and of how to conserve migrants and the habitats upon which they depend.
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| 2. |
- Campbell, Heather, et al.
(författare)
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COSMOLOGY WITH PHOTOMETRICALLY CLASSIFIED TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE FROM THE SDSS-II SUPERNOVA SURVEY
- 2013
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 763:2, s. 88-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the cosmological analysis of 752 photometrically classified Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) obtained from the full Sloan Digital Sky Survey II (SDSS-II) Supernova (SN) Survey, supplemented with host-galaxy spectroscopy from the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey. Our photometric-classification method is based on the SN classification technique of Sako et al., aided by host-galaxy redshifts (0.05 < z < 0.55). SuperNova ANAlysis simulations of our methodology estimate that we have an SN Ia classification efficiency of 70.8%, with only 3.9% contamination from core-collapse (non-Ia) SNe. We demonstrate that this level of contamination has no effect on our cosmological constraints. We quantify and correct for our selection effects (e. g., Malmquist bias) using simulations. When fitting to a flat.CDM cosmological model, we find that our photometric sample alone gives Omega(m) = 0.24(-0.05)(+0.07) (statistical errors only). If we relax the constraint on flatness, then our sample provides competitive joint statistical constraints on Omega(m) and Omega(Lambda), comparable to those derived from the spectroscopically confirmed Three-year Supernova Legacy Survey (SNLS3). Using only our data, the statistics-only result favors an accelerating universe at 99.96% confidence. Assuming a constant wCDM cosmological model, and combining with H-0, cosmic microwave background, and luminous red galaxy data, we obtain w = -0.96(-0.10)(+0.10), Omega(m) = 0.29(-0.02)(+0.02), and Omega(k) = 0.00(-0.02)(+0.03)(statistical errors only), which is competitive with similar spectroscopically confirmed SNe Ia analyses. Overall this comparison is reassuring, considering the lower redshift leverage of the SDSS-II SN sample (z < 0.55) and the lack of spectroscopic confirmation used herein. These results demonstrate the potential of photometrically classified SN Ia samples in improving cosmological constraints.
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| 3. |
- Flavin, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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SPINK1 protein expression and prostate cancer progression
- 2014
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Ingår i: Clinical Cancer Research. - Philadelphia, USA : American Association for Cancer Research. - 1078-0432 .- 1557-3265. ; 20:18, s. 4904-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: SPINK1 overexpression has been described in prostate cancer and is linked with poor prognosis in many cancers. The objective of this study was to characterize the association between SPINK1 overexpression and prostate cancer-specific survival.Experimental design: The study included 879 participants in the U.S. Physicians' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, diagnosed with prostate cancer (1983-2004) and treated by radical prostatectomy. Protein tumor expression of SPINK1 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry on tumor tissue microarrays.Results: Seventy-four of 879 (8%) prostate cancer tumors were SPINK1 positive. Immunohistochemical data were available for PTEN, p-Akt, pS6, stathmin, androgen receptor (AR), and ERG (as a measure of the TMPRSS2:ERG translocation). Compared with SPINK1-negative tumors, SPINK1-positive tumors showed higher PTEN and stathmin expression, and lower expression of AR (P < 0.01). SPINK1 overexpression was seen in 47 of 427 (11%) ERG-negative samples and in 19 of 427 (4%) ERG-positive cases (P = 0.0003). We found no significant associations between SPINK1 status and Gleason grade or tumor stage. There was no association between SPINK1 expression and biochemical recurrence (P = 0.56). Moreover, there was no association between SPINK1 expression and prostate cancer mortality (there were 75 lethal cases of prostate cancer during a mean of 13.5 years follow-up; HR = 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.29-1.76).Conclusions: Our results suggest that SPINK1 protein expression may not be a predictor of recurrence or lethal prostate cancer amongst men treated by radical prostatectomy. SPINK1 and ERG protein expression do not seem to be entirely mutually exclusive, as some previous studies have suggested.
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| 4. |
- Fuchs, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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E-Business Readiness, Intensity, and Impact : An Austrian Destination Management Organization Study
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Travel Research. - : Sage Publications. - 0047-2875. ; 49:2, s. 165-178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The majority of today’s information and communication technology (ICT) impact studies disregard infrastructural, organizational, and environmental factors typically responsible for successful e-business adoption and use. This article proposes an empirical approach that shows how the mentioned factors determine both e-business adoption and the impact of information and communication technologies. The research framework is based on E. Rogers’ Innovation Diffusion Theory and is tested with survey data gathered in the Austrian destination management organization sector. By referring to K. Zhu and K. L. Kraemer’s (2005) e-business impact model, the proposed approach explicates how the use of e-business applications may positively affect the performance of tourism organizations. Online survey data are analyzed through a linear structural equation modeling approach.
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| 5. |
- Fuchs, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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E-Business Readiness, Intensity, and Impact : An Austrian Destination Management Organization Study
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Travel Research. - Thousand Oaks : SAGE. - 0047-2875 .- 1552-6763. ; 49:2, s. 165-178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The majority of today’s information and communication technology (ICT) impact studies disregard infrastructural, organizational as well as environmental factors typically responsible for successful e-Business adoption and use. The paper proposes an empirical approach which shows how the mentioned factors determine both e-Business adoption as well as ICT impact. The research framework is based on Rogers’ Innovation Diffusion Theory (1995) and is tested with survey data gathered in the Austrian Destination Management Organization (DMO) sector. By referring to Zhu and Kraemer’s (2005) e-Business impact model the proposed approach explicates how the use of e-Business applications may positively affect the performance of tourism organizations. Online survey data are analysed through a linear structural equation modelling (SEM) approach
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| 6. |
- Kessler, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Results from the Supernova Photometric Classification Challenge
- 2010
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Ingår i: Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. - : IOP Publishing. - 0004-6280 .- 1538-3873. ; 122:898, s. 1415-1431
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report results from the Supernova Photometric Classification Challenge (SNPhotCC), a publicly released mix of simulated supernovae (SNe), with types (Ia, Ibc, and II) selected in proportion to their expected rates. The simulation was realized in the griz filters of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) with realistic observing conditions (sky noise, point-spread function, and atmospheric transparency) based on years of recorded conditions at the DES site. Simulations of non-Ia-type SNe are based on spectroscopically confirmed light curves that include unpublished non-Ia samples donated from the Carnegie Supernova Project (CSP), the Supernova Legacy Survey (SNLS), and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II (SDSS-II). A spectroscopically confirmed subset was provided for training. We challenged scientists to run their classification algorithms and report a type and photo-z for each SN. Participants from 10 groups contributed 13 entries for the sample that included a host-galaxy photo-z for each SN and nine entries for the sample that had no redshift information. Several different classification strategies resulted in similar performance, and for all entries the performance was significantly better for the training subset than for the unconfirmed sample. For the spectroscopically unconfirmed subset, the entry with the highest average figure of merit for classifying SNe Ia has an efficiency of 0.96 and an SN Ia purity of 0.79. As a public resource for the future development of photometric SN classification and photo-z estimators, we have released updated simulations with improvements based on our experience from the SNPhotCC, added samples corresponding to the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) and the SDSS-II, and provided the answer keys so that developers can evaluate their own analysis.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Pontbriand, Claire W., et al.
(författare)
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Effusive and explosive volcanism on the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel Ridge, 85 degrees E
- 2012
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Ingår i: Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems. - 1525-2027. ; 13, s. Q10005-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We use high-definition seafloor digital imagery and multibeam bathymetric data acquired during the 2007 Arctic Gakkel Vents Expedition (AGAVE) to evaluate the volcanic characteristics of the 85 degrees E segment of the ultraslow spreading Gakkel Ridge (9 mm yr(-1) full rate). Our seafloor imagery reveals that the axial valley is covered by numerous, small-volume (order similar to 1000 m(3)) lava flows displaying a range of ages and morphologies as well as unconsolidated volcaniclastic deposits with thicknesses up to 10 cm. The valley floor contains two prominent volcanic lineaments made up of axis-parallel ridges and small, cratered volcanic cones. The lava flows appear to have erupted from a number of distinct source vents within the similar to 12-15 km-wide axial valley. Only a few of these flows are fresh enough to have potentially erupted during the 1999 seismic swarm at this site, and these are associated with the Oden and Loke volcanic cones. We model the widespread volcaniclastic deposits we observed on the seafloor as having been generated by the explosive discharge of CO2 that accumulated in (possibly deep) crustal melt reservoirs. The energy released during explosive discharge, combined with the buoyant rise of hot fluid, lofted fragmented clasts of rapidly cooling magma into the water column, and they subsequently settled onto the seafloor as fall deposits surrounding the source vent.
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| 9. |
- Wienstroer, J., et al.
(författare)
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D-Lactate dehydrogenase as a marker gene allows positive selection of transgenic plants
- 2012
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Ingår i: FEBS Letters. - : Wiley. - 1873-3468 .- 0014-5793. ; 586:1, s. 36-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- d-Lactate negatively affects Arabidopsis thaliana seedling development in a concentration-dependent manner. At media d-lactate concentrations greater than 5-10 mM the development of wild-type plants is arrested shortly after germination whereas plants overexpressing the endogenous d-lactate dehydrogenase (d-LDH) detoxify d-lactate to pyruvate and survive. When the transgenic plants are further transferred to normal growth conditions they develop indistinguishably from the wild type. Thus, d-LDH was successfully established as a new marker in A. thaliana allowing selecting transgenic plants shortly after germination. The selection on d-lactate containing media adds a new optional marker system, which is especially useful if the simultaneous selection of multiple constructs is desired.
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