| 1. |
- Wernersson, Ann-Sofie, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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The European technical report on aquatic effect-based monitoring tools under the water framework directive
- 2015
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Ingår i: Environmental Sciences Europe. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2190-4715 .- 2190-4707. ; 27:11 March 2015
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Water Framework Directive (WFD), 2000/60/EC, requires an integrated approach to the monitoring and assessment of the quality of surface water bodies. The chemical status assessment is based on compliance with legally binding Environmental Quality Standards (EQSs) for selected chemical pollutants (priority substances) of EU-wide concern. In the context of the mandate for the period 2010 to 2012 of the subgroup Chemical Monitoring and Emerging Pollutants (CMEP) under the Common Implementation Strategy (CIS) for the WFD, a specific task was established for the elaboration of a technical report on aquatic effect-based monitoring tools. The activity was chaired by Sweden and co-chaired by Italy and progressively involved several Member States and stakeholders in an EU-wide drafting group. The main aim of this technical report was to identify potential effect-based tools (e.g. biomarkers and bioassays) that could be used in the context of the different monitoring programmes (surveillance, operational and investigative) linking chemical and ecological status assessment. The present paper summarizes the major technical contents and findings of the report.
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| 2. |
- Chatzidaki, Maria D., 1985-
(författare)
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Formulation and characterization of W/O nano-dispersions for bioactive delivery applications
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main objective of this study was the formulation of food-grade water-in-oil (W/O) nano-dispersions based mainly on medium or long-chain triglycerides. Two types of dispersions were formulated and structurally compared, namely emulsions and microemulsions. The systems were used as matrices for encapsulating targeted bioactive molecules with specific characteristics such as antioxidants or peptides.The structural characterization of the formulated systems was investigated using techniques such as Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy (Cryo-TEM) and Small Angle Xray Scattering (SAXS). The existence of swollen inverse micelles was revealed for the case of microemulsions whereas larger droplets still at the nano-scale were observed for the case of emulsions. Structural differences in the presence of the bioactive molecules or induced by the alteration of components were also observed.In order to study the efficacy of the formulations, the proposed loaded systems were assessed either using EPR spectroscopy or Well Diffusion Assay (WDA) depending on the bioactive molecule. It was found that the encapsulated molecules retained their claimed characteristics when encapsulated to the proposed matrices.Finally, some of the formulated dispersions were investigated for their behavior under gastrointestinal (GI) conditions. A two-step digestion model using recombinant Dog Gastric Lipase (rDGL) and Porcine Pancreatic Lipase (PPL) was proposed to simulate lipid hydrolysis in humans. The studies revealed significant decrease of the rDGL specific activity in the presence of the microemulsion while in the presence of lower percent of surfactants (case of emulsion) no alterations were observed.
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| 3. |
- Kunz, Werner, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrotropes
- 2016
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-0294 .- 1879-0399. ; 22, s. 99-107
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concepts "hydrotrope" and "hydrotropy" are reviewed with a strong focus on the literature from recent years. The action and physical-chemical behavior of hydrotropes are discussed in relation to co-solubilizers and surfactants. A definition of a hydrotrope is formulated, and it is demonstrated that the unique behavior of a hydrotrope, which distinguishes this class of substances from both co-solubilizers and regular surfactants, is that the aggregation is weak without a hydrophobic solute, but there is a pronounced aggregation in the presence of a hydrophobic solute.
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| 4. |
- Zemb, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Weak interactions - Editorial overview
- 2016
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Colloid and Interface Science. - 1359-0294 .- 1879-0399. ; 22, s. A1-A3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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