| 1. |
- Kurian, R., et al.
(författare)
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Intrinsic deviations in fluorescence yield detected x-ray absorption spectroscopy : The case of the transition metal L 2,3 edges
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 24:45, s. 452201-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fluorescence yield (FY) detected x-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of 3d transition metal ions are calculated from the integrated 2p3d resonant x-ray emission spectra. The resulting FY-XAS spectra are compared with the normal XAS spectra corresponding to the absorption cross section and significant deviations between the two spectra are found. This implies that the assumption that the FY-XAS spectrum identifies with the XAS spectrum is disproved. Especially for the early transition metal systems the differences between the FY-XAS and XAS are large, due to the opening of inelastic decay channels from selected x-ray absorption final states. The theoretical calculations show that the difference between FY detection and XAS is largest for the detection in depolarized geometry. The calculations are compared with experimental spectra for oxides and coordination compounds for Fe 2+, Co 2+ and Ni 2+ systems. The implications for the sum rules in XAS and magnetic circular dichroism experiments are discussed.
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| 2. |
- Hoffmann, Henry, et al.
(författare)
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Self-aware computing in the Angstrom processor
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 49th Annual Design Automation Conference. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450311991 ; , s. 259-264
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Addressing the challenges of extreme scale computing re- quires holistic design of new programming models and sys- tems that support those models. This paper discusses the Angstrom processor, which is designed to support a new Self-aware Computing (SEEC) model. In SEEC, applications explicitly state goals, while other systems components provide actions that the SEEC runtime system can use to meet those goals. Angstrom supports this model by ex- posing sensors and adaptations that traditionally would be managed independently by hardware. This exposure allows SEEC to coordinate hardware actions with actions specified by other parts of the system, and allows the SEEC runtime system to meet application goals while reducing costs (e.g., power consumption).
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| 3. |
- Kurian, Thomas, 1981-
(författare)
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An experimental investigation of disturbance growth in boundary layer flows
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis deals with the early stages of transition to turbulence in two different baseflows, namely the Falkner-Skan-Cooke boundary layer (FSC) and the asymptotic suction boundary layer (ASBL). Grid-generated turbulence is studied in order to characterise the isotropy levels, free-stream turbulence levels and characteristic length scales that will be present in the receptivity study. By varying the grids and their location it is possible to control the turbulence intensity level, Tu, and the integral length scale independently. Comparisons with other studies show that for increasing Re_M the isotropy levels and the rate of kinetic energy decay asymptotically approach the theoretical values. The FSC describes a a 3D boundary layer subjected to a pressure gradient. The FSC is stable to TS-waves, but becomes susceptible to both travelling and stationary crossflow disturbances. In the experiments the travelling modes were triggered using free-stream turbulence (FST) and the stationary modes were triggered using an array of cylindrical roughness elements. The receptivity phase to FST was linear as well as the initial growth. For high enough $Tu$ inside the boundary layer, nonlinear behaviour was observed further downstream. The stationary mode could only be triggered using tall roughness elements, with low heights resulting in no noticeable disturbances. The receptivity is found to be nonlinear for the roughness heights tested and the growth of the disturbances is exponential. For low levels of FST, Tu < 0.25%, the travelling mode as well as the stationary mode grew. The ASBL is formed when uniform suction is applied to the surface of a porous plate with a flow over it. This baseflow is very stable to TS-waves, and was used to study the transient growth. For the ASBL, stationary disturbances were triggered using a spanwise array or cylindrical roughness elements. The velocity signals were decomposed using a spatial Fourier transform to study the growth of individual modes. The fundamental mode as well as some harmonics were seen to undergo transient growth, before finally decaying exponentially. Comparisons were made to the experimental data using optimal perturbation theory. The global optimals did not describe the transient growth effects well. The calculations were redone for suboptimal times and showed agreement with the experimental data, showing that optimal perturbation theory can describe transient growth if the initial disturbance state is known.
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| 4. |
- Kurian, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Boundary layer receptivity to free-stream turbulence and surface roughness over a swept flat plate
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physics of fluids. - : AIP Publishing. - 1070-6631 .- 1089-7666. ; 23:3, s. 034107-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An experimental study of the receptivity of disturbances and their subsequent development into a three-dimensional boundary layer has been carried out. The three-dimensional boundary layer was set up using a flat plate with a swept leading edge and a pressure gradient using a displacement body at the ceiling of the test section. Low level free-stream turbulence was generated with five different screens and was shown to generate traveling crossflow modes for all but the lowest turbulence level, i.e., for Tu > 0.2%, where instead a stationary crossflow disturbance dominated. Stationary crossflow disturbances were triggered by small cylindrical roughness elements arranged in an array. For high enough roughness Reynolds number (Re-k) stationary disturbances growing exponentially were seen and their amplitude seems to scale with Re-k(2.3).
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| 5. |
- Kurian, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Transient growth in the asymptotic suction boundary layer
- 2011
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Ingår i: Experiments in Fluids. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0723-4864 .- 1432-1114. ; 51:3, s. 771-784
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present experimental setup, the transient disturbance growth in a spatially invariant boundary layer flow, i.e., the asymptotic suction boundary layer (ASBL), has been investigated. The choice of the ASBL brings along several advantages compared with an ordinary spatially growing boundary layer. A unique feature of the ASBL is that the Reynolds number (Re) can be varied without changing the boundary layer thickness, which in turn allows for parameter variations not possible to carry out in traditional boundary layer flows. A spanwise array of discrete surface roughness elements was mounted on the surface to trigger modes with different spanwise wavenumbers (beta). It is concluded that for each mode there exists a threshold roughness Reynolds number (Re (k) ), below which no significant transient growth is present. The experimental data suggests that this threshold Re (k) is both a function of beta and Re. An interesting result is that the energy growth curves respond differently to a change in Re (k) when caused by a change in roughness height k, implying that Re remains constant, compared with a change in the free-stream velocity U(infinity), which also affects the Re. The scaling of the energy rowth curves both in level and the downstream direction is treated and appropriate scalings are found. The result shows a complex non-linear receptivity mechanism. Optimal perturbation theory, which has failed to predict the energy evolution in growing boundary layers, is tested for the ASBL and shows that it may satisfactorily predict the evolution of all transiently growing modes that are triggered by the roughness elements.
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| 6. |
- Wernet, Philippe, et al.
(författare)
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Dissecting Local Atomic and Intermolecular Interactions of Transition-Metal Ions in Solution with Selective X-ray Spectroscopy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1948-7185 .- 1948-7185. ; 3:23, s. 3448-3453
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Determining covalent and charge-transfer contributions to bonding in solution has remained an experimental challenge. Here, the quenching of fluorescence decay channels as expressed in dips in the L-edge X-ray spectra of solvated 3d transition-metal ions and complexes was reported as a probe. With a full set of experimental and theoretical ab initio L-edge X-ray spectra of aqueous Cr3+, including resonant inelastic X-ray scattering, we address covalency and charge transfer for this prototypical transition-metal ion in solution. We dissect local atomic effects from intermolecular interactions and quantify X-ray optical effects. We find no evidence for the asserted ultrafast charge transfer to the solvent and show that the dips are readily explained by X-ray optical effects and local atomic state dependence of the fluorescence yield. Instead, we find, besides ionic interactions, a covalent contribution to the bonding in the aqueous complex of ligand-to-metal charge-transfer character
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