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| 2. |
- Huotilainen, Minna, et al.
(författare)
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Auditory magnetic responses of healthy newborns
- 2003
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 1473-558X. ; 14:14, s. 1871-1875
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We recorded magnetic brain activity from healthy human newborns when they heard frequency changes in an otherwise repetitive sound stream. We were able to record the magnetic counterpart of the mismatch negativity (MMN) previously described only with electric recordings in infants. The results show that these recordings are possible, although still challenging due to the small head size and head movements. The modelling of the neural sources underlying the recorded responses suggests cortical sources in the temporal lobes.
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| 3. |
- Kushnerenko, Elena, et al.
(författare)
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Brain responses to audiovisual speech mismatch in infants are associated with individual differences in looking behaviour
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Neuroscience. - : Wiley. - 0953-816X .- 1460-9568.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on audiovisual speech integration has reported high levels of individual variability, especially among young infants. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that this variability results from individual differences in the maturation of audiovisual speech processing during infancy. A developmental shift in selective attention to audiovisual speech has been demonstrated between 6 and 9 months with an increase in the time spent looking to articulating mouths as compared to eyes (Lewkowicz & Hansen-Tift. (2012) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 1431-1436; Tomalski et al. (2012) Eur. J. Dev. Psychol., 1-14). In the present study we tested whether these changes in behavioural maturational level are associated with differences in brain responses to audiovisual speech across this age range. We measured high-density event-related potentials (ERPs) in response to videos of audiovisually matching and mismatched syllables /ba/ and /ga/, and subsequently examined visual scanning of the same stimuli with eye-tracking. There were no clear age-specific changes in ERPs, but the amplitude of audiovisual mismatch response (AVMMR) to the combination of visual /ba/ and auditory /ga/ was strongly negatively associated with looking time to the mouth in the same condition. These results have significant implications for our understanding of individual differences in neural signatures of audiovisual speech processing in infants, suggesting that they are not strictly related to chronological age but instead associated with the maturation of looking behaviour, and develop at individual rates in the second half of the first year of life.
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| 4. |
- Kushnerenko, Elena, et al.
(författare)
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Processing acoustic change and novelty in newborn infants
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Journal of Neuroscience. - : Wiley. - 1460-9568 .- 0953-816X. ; 26:1, s. 265-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on event-related potential (ERP) correlates of auditory deviance-detection in newborns provided inconsistent results; temporal and topographic ERP characteristics differed widely across studies and individual infants. Robust and reliable ERP responses were, however, obtained to sounds (termed 'novel' sounds), which cover a wide range of frequencies and widely differ from the context provided by a repeating sound [Kushnerenko et al., (2002) NeuroReport, 13, 1843-1848]. The question we investigated here is whether this effect can be attributed to novelty per se or to acoustic characteristics of the 'novel' sounds, such as their wide frequency spectrum and high signal energy compared with the repeated tones. We also asked how sensitivity to these stimulus aspects changes with development. Twelve newborns and 11 adults were tested in four different oddball conditions, each including a 'standard' sound presented with the probability of 0.8 and two types of infrequent 'deviant' sounds (0.1 probability, each). Deviants were (i) 'novel' sounds (diverse environmental noises); (ii) white-noise segments, or harmonic tones of (iii) a higher pitch, or (iv) higher intensity. In newborns, white-noise deviants elicited the largest response in all latency ranges, whereas in adults, this phenomenon was not found. Thus, newborns appear to be especially sensitive to sounds having a wide frequency spectrum. On the other hand, the pattern of results found for the late discriminative ERP response indicates that newborns may also be able to detect novelty in acoustic stimulation, although with a longer latency than adults, as shown by the ERP response. Results are discussed in terms of developmental refinement of the initially broadly tuned neonate auditory system.
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| 5. |
- Leipala, Jaana A., et al.
(författare)
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Perinatal cerebral insults alter auditory event-related potentials
- 2011
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Ingår i: Early Human Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-6232 .- 0378-3782. ; 87:2, s. 89-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Auditory event-related potentials (AERPs) can be used as indices of neural information processing. Altered AERPs have been reported in children and young adults with frontal lobe infarction. Aim: To test the hypothesis that perinatal brain injury affects cortical auditory processing. Methods: We assessed AERPs at term. 6 and 12 months of age in preterm infants [n = 9. median gestational age (GA) 27.9, range 23.9-30.0 wk], term infants with perinatal intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) [n = 5, GA 40.3, range 37.4-42.3 wk], and term infants with perinatal asphyxia In [n = 4. GA 39.4. range 37.9-40.3 wk]. Healthy preterm (n = 16) and term infants (n = 22) served as controls. A harmonic tone of 500-Hz frequency was used as standard and of 750-Hz as deviant stimulus. Mean AERP amplitudes were calculated over 100 ms periods from 50 to 350 ms. The developmental outcome was followed until 2 years of age. Results: The term ICH (p = 0.012) and asphyxia (p = 0.0016) group had smaller or more negative responses to the deviant, resulting in smaller or more negative MMR amplitudes than those of the controls. The preterm ICH group did not differ significantly from their preterm born controls. MMR varied in all patient groups and was not associated with adverse outcome. Conclusion: AERP alterations suggest that perinatal cerebral insults affect cortical auditory processing. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Mikkola, Kaija, et al.
(författare)
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Auditory event-related potentials and cognitive function of preterm children at five years of age
- 2007
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Ingår i: Clinical Neurophysiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-8952 .- 1388-2457. ; 118:7, s. 1494-1502
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: In our previous study, auditory event-related potentials (AERPs) in preterm 1-year-old children had a positive deflection at 150-350 ms that correlated positively with their 2-year neurodevelopmental outcome. In a study of the same subjects at age 5, our aim was to assess AERPs and their relationship to neuropsychological test results. Methods: Preterm small (SGA, n = 13), appropriate for gestational age (AGA, n = 15), and control (n = 13) children were assessed with an Easy paradigm presenting a large frequency change accompanied with occasional novel sounds, and a Challenging paradigm presenting small frequency and duration changes with a rapid rate. The preterm children underwent neurocognitive tests. Results: Easy paradigm. The P1 response to frequency deviant was smaller and MMN larger in the preterm than in the control children. Challenging paradigm. The P1 response to standard, frequency, and duration deviants was smaller in the preterm than in the control children. The N2 response to frequency deviant was larger in the preterm than in the control children. AGA and SGA children had similar AERPs. The P1, N2, and MMN amplitudes correlated with verbal IQ and NEPSY language subtests. Conclusions: Small P1 response(s) appears to be typical for preterm children. Significance: Small P1 response in preterm children may suggest altered primary auditory processing. (c) 2007 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Tomalski, Przemyslaw, et al.
(författare)
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Socioeconomic status and functional brain development - associations in early infancy
- 2013
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Ingår i: Developmental Science. - : Wiley. - 1363-755X .- 1467-7687. ; 16, s. 676-687
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Socioeconomic status (SES) impacts on both structural and functional brain development in childhood, but how early its effects can be demonstrated is unknown. In this study we measured resting baseline EEG activity in the gamma frequency range in awake 6-9-month-olds from areas of East London with high socioeconomic deprivation. Between-subjects comparisons of infants from low- and high-income families revealed significantly lower frontal gamma power in infants from low-income homes homes. Similar power differences were found when comparing infants according to maternal occupation, with lower occupational status groups yielding lower power. Infant sleep, maternal education, length of gestation, and birth weight, as well as smoke exposure and bilingualism, did not explain these differences. Our results show that the effects of socioeconomic disparities on brain activity can already be detected in early infancy, potentially pointing to very early for language and attention difficulties. This is the first study to reveal region-selective differences in functional brain development associated with early infancy in low-income families.
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| 9. |
- Winkler, Istvan, et al.
(författare)
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Newborn infants can organize the auditory world.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490 .- 0027-8424. ; 100:20, s. 11812-11815
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The perceptual world of neonates is usually regarded as not yet being fully organized in terms of objects in the same way as it is for adults. Using a recently developed method based on electric brain responses, we found that, similarly to adults, newborn infants segregate concurrent streams of sound, allowing them to organize the auditory input according to the existing sound source. The segregation of concurrent sound streams is a crucial step in the path leading to the identification of objects in the environment. Its presence in newborn infants shows that the basic abilities required for the development of conceptual objects are available already at the time of birth.
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