| 1. |
- Kvarnström, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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The Sanitation Ladder – a Need for a Revamp?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development. - : IWA Publishing. - 2043-9083 .- 2408-9362. ; 1:1, s. 3-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sanitation ladder is a useful tool that is being used to monitor progress towards the sanitation target of the MDGs. This tool could be even more useful if it can be refined to be based on the functions of sanitation systems rather than on a hierarchy of predefined sanitation technologies. This paper presents a seven-rung function-based sanitation ladder where the functions can be broadly divided into health functions and environmental functions. The proposed ladder is intended as an inspiration for nations, and the JMP, to move towards a function-based rather than technology-based monitoring of sanitation progress. A functional approach to monitoring of e.g. the sanitation target of the MDGs would require some major shifts in the monitoring methods used but it is argued that such an approach would: (i) actually monitor the public good, which is desired from a sanitation system; (ii) stimulate donors, governments and municipalities to think beyond the provision of certain sanitation technologies; (iii) allow for local solutions to the sanitation problem to be developed; and (iv) spur innovation within the sector.
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| 2. |
- Kvarnström, Susanne, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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How Service Users Perceive the Concept of Participation, Specifically in interprofessional practice
- 2012
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Ingår i: British Journal of Social Work. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0045-3102 .- 1468-263X. ; 42:1, s. 129-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports on empirical research exploring and describing the variations in service users' conceptions of service user participation (SUP), specifically in interprofessional practice. The social work practices in which front line workers were using interprofessional teamwork were explored at three Swedish welfare institutions. Service users included individuals with chronic pain disorders, obesity conditions or in need of short-term placement in elder care facilities. The qualitative study design was informed by a phenomenographical approach and conducted as semi-structured individual interviews with twenty-two service users. The main findings suggest five qualitative variations of service user's conceptions of SUP: (i) information transmission; (ii) choices and decisions among resources; (iii) comfortable relationship and communication; (iv) interaction for increased understanding; and (v) conditions for service user participation. The findings highlight the importance for the interprofessional team of social workers and other professionals to recognise the various ways of experiencing SUP by service users. The findings thereby support the possibilities to understand and to take into consideration the individual service user's conceptions of SUP in interprofessional practice.
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| 3. |
- Lüthi, Christoph, et al.
(författare)
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Community-based approaches for addressing the urban sanitation challenge
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development. - 1946-3146 .- 1946-3138. ; 1:1-2, s. 49-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban sanitation presents one of the most significant service delivery challenges related to poverty alleviation and sustainable development in the developing world. The past decade has witnessed innovations in service delivery approaches for un-served rural and urban settlements with a clear policy shift to community-based approaches which attempt to overcome the supply-led, over-engineered sanitation solutions of the past decades. This paper presents two examples of new developments: the urban-focused Household-centred Environmental Sanitation (HCES) and the rural-focused Community-led Total Sanitation (CLTS) approaches. The internationally renowned CLTS approach has achieved considerable success since its introduction, by harnessing community and small private sector capacity to solve sanitation problems locally. Experience with validation of the HCES approach in a variety of urban sites in Africa, Asia and Latin America is presented in the second part of the paper- highlighting some of the lessons learned. The paper closes by arguing that a combination of HCES and CLTS, two field-tested methodologies, has the potential to improve the sustainability of sanitation service interventions.
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| 4. |
- Mc Conville, Jennifer R, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Bridging sanitation engineering and planning: theory and practice in Burkina Faso
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development. - : IWA Publishing. - 2043-9083 .- 2408-9362. ; 1:3, s. 205-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The global challenge of providing sanitation services to the un-served underlines a need to change the way in which sanitation planning and service provision is approached. This paper offers a framework for categorizing sanitation projects planning processes based on planning steps and procedural planning theory to help engineers and sanitation planners gain a deeper understanding of the dynamics of these processes. The analysis identifies and discusses trends in both guidelines and actual sanitation programs. The results show that contemporary sanitation planning guidelines and field projects utilize patchwork processes of different planning modes, although the step of designing options is dominated by an expert-driven, rational-comprehensive approach. The use of planning theory can help engineers to ask critical questions about the objectives of the planning process and to develop context-appropriate planning processes that will make a difference for improving sanitation service provision.
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| 5. |
- Mc Conville, Jennifer R, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Participation in Sanitation Planning in Burkina Faso: Theory and Practice
- 2012
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Ingår i: IWA Young Water Professionals Conference, 10-13 July 2012 Budapest, Hungary.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stakeholder participation is commonly promoted as a means to boost outcomes of sanitation improvement projects, in particular in developing countries. However, there is little research on when or how this participation should occur during the process of planning and implementing a sanitation system in order to maximize the effect. This study develops a framework for analysing participation levels of different stakeholders throughout a planning process and applies it to sanitation planning guidelines and case studies from Burkina Faso. This analysis highlights that, particularly during designing of system options and selecting among these options, there exist potential weaknesses regarding who participates and how that participation may influence what type of sanitation is implemented.
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| 6. |
- Mc Conville, Jennifer R, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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‘Perceptions of Local Sustainability in Planning Sanitation Projects in West Africa’
- 2010
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Ingår i: Vliet, B., Spaargaren, G., & Oosterveer, P (eds). Social Perspectives on the Sanitation Challenge. Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands..
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to examine local perceptions of sustainability in the context of sanitation interventions in Burkina Faso and Mali, West Africa. A series of interviews with local actors were used to define criteria for sustainable sanitation in the local context. These local criteria were compared with criteria found in international literature and planning practices used in two sanitation projects. The results from the interview study emphasize criteria related to behaviour change processes, while criteria in literature are either oriented toward technical assessments or project guidelines. The case studies show an attempt to merge academic and pragmatic perspectives by addressing both the technical requirements and social change processes. As we seek to improve results within the sector it is important to start reflecting on what criteria and sustainability definitions are used in specific approaches.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- McConville, Jennifer R., et al.
(författare)
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Perceptions of Local Sustainability in Planning Sanitation Projects in West Africa
- 2010
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Ingår i: Social perspectives on the sanitation challenge. - Dordrecht : Springer Nature. ; , s. 105-124
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to examine local perceptions of sustainability in the context of sanitation interventions in Burkina Faso and Mali, West Africa. Through a series of interviews with local actors criteria for sustainable sanitation were defined in the local context. These local criteria were compared with criteria found in international literature and planning practices used in two sanitation projects. The results from the interviews emphasize criteria related to behaviour change processes, while criteria in literature are either oriented toward technical assessments or project guidelines. The case studies show an attempt to merge academic and pragmatic perspectives by addressing both the technical requirements and processes of social change. As we seek to improve results within the sector it is important to start reflecting on what criteria and sustainability definitions are used in specific approaches.
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