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- Akre, O, et al.
(författare)
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Declining human fertility? Reply
- 2000
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Ingår i: FERTILITY AND STERILITY. - 0015-0282. ; 73:2, s. 422-423
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Forsblad d'Elia, Helena, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Radiographic joint destruction in postmenopausal rheumatoid arthritis is strongly associated with generalised osteoporosis.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Annals of the rheumatic diseases. - : BMJ. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 62:7, s. 617-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To investigate determinants of joint destruction and reduced bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) not treated with bisphosphonates or hormone replacement therapy and to evaluate if there are common markers of erosive disease and bone loss. METHODS: BMD was measured using dual x ray absorptiometry and joint damage was examined by x ray examination according to the Larsen method in 88 patients with RA. Associations between BMD and Larsen score, and between demographic and disease related variables, including proinflammatory cytokines, HLA-DR4 epitopes, and markers of bone and cartilage turnover, were examined bivariately by simple and multiple linear regression analyses. RESULTS: 49/88 (56%) patients had osteoporosis in at least one site. Reduced BMD and increased joint destruction were associated with: at the forearm and femoral neck, high Larsen score, low weight, and old age (R(2)=0.381, p<0.001; R(2)=0.372, p<0.001, respectively); at the total hip, low weight, high Larsen score, and dose of injected glucocorticosteroids (R(2)=0.435, p<0.001); at the lumbar spine, low weight, reduced cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, and increased carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (R(2)=0.248, p<0.001). Larsen score was associated with long disease duration and increased C reactive protein (CRP) (R(2)=0.545, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Osteoporosis is common in postmenopausal patients with RA. Low weight and high Larsen score were strongly associated with BMD reduction. Increased CRP and long disease duration were determinants of erosive disease in postmenopausal women with RA. These findings indicate common mechanisms of local and generalised bone loss in RA.
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| 6. |
- Kvist, EE, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative pharmacogenetics of nortriptyline - A novel approach
- 2001
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Ingår i: Clinical Pharmacokinetics. - 0312-5963 .- 1179-1926. ; 40:11, s. 869-877
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To quantitatively model nortriptyline clearance as a function of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 genotype and to estimate the contribution of genotype to the interindividual variability in steady-state plasma concentration and metabolic clearance. Design: Modelling study using data from two previously published studies. Participants: 20 healthy volunteers receiving single oral doses of nortriptyline and 20 patients with depression on steady-state oral treatment. Methods: A total of 275 nortriptyline plasma concentrations were analysed by standard nonlinear regression and nonlinear mixed effect models. The pharmacokinetic model was a 1-compartment model with first order absorption and elimination. All participants had previously been genotyped with respect to the CYP2D6 polymorphism. Results: A model in which the intrinsic clearance is a linear function of the number of functional CYP2D6 genes and hepatic blood flow is fixed to 60 L/h gave the closest fit of the pharmacokinetic model to the data. Stable estimates were obtained for population pharmacokinetic parameters and interindividual variances. Assuming 100% absorption, the model allows systemic clearance and bioavailability to be estimated. Bioavailability was found to vary between 0.17 and 0.71, depending on the genotype. Using the frequency distribution of CYP2D6 genotype with the above results we estimate that, in compliant Swedish individuals on nortriptyline monotherapy, the number of functional CYP2D6 genes could explain 21% of the total interindividual variance in oral clearance of nortriptyline and 34% of that in steady-state plasma concentrations. Conclusion: Nonlinear mixed-effects modelling can be used to quantify the influence of the number of functional CYP2D6 genes on the metabolic clearance and plasma concentration of drugs metabolised by this enzyme. Gene dose has a significant impact on drug pharmacokinetics and prior knowledge of it may aid in predicting plasma concentration of the drug and thus tailoring patient-specific dosage regimens.
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| 7. |
- Lindström, Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Avian pectoral muscle size rapidly tracks body mass changes during flight, fasting and fuelling
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Biology. - 1477-9145. ; 203:5, s. 913-919
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We used ultrasonic imaging to monitor short-term changes in the pectoral muscle size of captive red knots Calidris canutus. Pectoral muscle thickness changed rapidly and consistently in parallel with body mass changes caused by flight, fasting and fuelling. Four knots flew repeatedly for 10 h periods in a wind tunnel. Over this period, pectoral muscle thickness decreased in parallel with the decrease in body mass. The change in pectoral muscle thickness during flight was indistinguishable from that during periods of natural and experimental fasting and fuelling. The body-mass-related variation in pectoral muscle thickness between and within individuals was not related to the amount of flight, indicating that changes in avian muscle do not require power-training as in mammals. Our study suggests that it is possible for birds to consume and replace their flight muscles on a time scale short enough to allow these muscles to be used as part of the energy supply for migratory flight. The adaptive significance of the changes in pectoral muscle mass cannot be explained by reproductive needs since our knots were in the early winter phase of their annual cycle. Instead, pectoral muscle mass changes may reflect (i) the breakdown of protein during heavy exercise and its subsequent restoration, (ii) the regulation of flight capacity to maintain optimal flight performance when body mass varies, or (iii) the need for a particular protein:fat ratio in winter survival stores.
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| 10. |
- Wikander, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Dynasty - The environment of Hellenistic monarchs
- 2002
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Ingår i: Ancient history matters. Studies presented to Jens Erik Skydsgaard on his seventieth birthday. April 2002. - 8882651908 ; Analecta Romana Instituti Danici, suppl. XXX, s. 185-191
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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