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- Muehlenbein, MP, et al.
(författare)
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Traveller exposures to animals: a GeoSentinel analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of travel medicine. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1708-8305 .- 1195-1982. ; 27:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundHuman coexistence with other animals can result in both intentional and unintentional contact with a variety of mammalian and non-mammalian species. International travellers are at risk for such encounters; travellers risk injury, infection and possibly death from domestic and wild animal bites, scratches, licks and other exposures. The aim of the present analysis was to understand the diversity and distribution of animal-related exposures among international travellers.MethodsData from January 2007 through December 2018 from the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network were reviewed. Records were included if the exposure was non-migration travel with a diagnosis of an animal (dog, cat, monkey, snake or other) bite or other exposure (non-bite); records were excluded if the region of exposure was not ascertainable or if another, unrelated acute diagnosis was reported.ResultsA total of 6470 animal exposures (bite or non-bite) were included. The majority (71%) occurred in Asia. Travellers to 167 countries had at least one report of an animal bite or non-bite exposure. The majority (76%) involved dogs, monkeys and cats, although a wide range of wild and domestic species were involved. Almost two-thirds (62.6%) of 4395 travellers with information available did not report a pretravel consultation with a healthcare provider.ConclusionsMinimizing bites and other animal exposures requires education (particularly during pretravel consultations) and behavioral modification. These should be supplemented by the use of pre-exposure rabies vaccination for travellers to high-risk countries (especially to those with limited access to rabies immunoglobulin), as well as encouragement of timely (in-country) post-exposure prophylaxis for rabies and Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 (herpesvirus B) when warranted.
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| 4. |
- Wen, J, et al.
(författare)
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Rare tandem repeat expansions associate with genes involved in synaptic and neuronal signaling functions in schizophrenia
- 2023
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Ingår i: Molecular psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5578 .- 1359-4184. ; 28:21, s. 475-482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tandem repeat expansions (TREs) are associated with over 60 monogenic disorders and have recently been implicated in complex disorders such as cancer and autism spectrum disorder. The role of TREs in schizophrenia is now emerging. In this study, we have performed a genome-wide investigation of TREs in schizophrenia. Using genome sequence data from 1154 Swedish schizophrenia cases and 934 ancestry-matched population controls, we have detected genome-wide rare (<0.1% population frequency) TREs that have motifs with a length of 2–20 base pairs. We find that the proportion of individuals carrying rare TREs is significantly higher in the schizophrenia group. There is a significantly higher burden of rare TREs in schizophrenia cases than in controls in genic regions, particularly in postsynaptic genes, in genes overlapping brain expression quantitative trait loci, and in brain-expressed genes that are differentially expressed between schizophrenia cases and controls. We demonstrate that TRE-associated genes are more constrained and primarily impact synaptic and neuronal signaling functions. These results have been replicated in an independent Canadian sample that consisted of 252 schizophrenia cases of European ancestry and 222 ancestry-matched controls. Our results support the involvement of rare TREs in schizophrenia etiology.
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| 5. |
- Zaborowski, AM, et al.
(författare)
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Microsatellite instability in young patients with rectal cancer: molecular findings and treatment response
- 2022
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Ingår i: The British journal of surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2168 .- 0007-1323. ; 109:3, s. 251-255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study of 400 patients with early-onset rectal cancer, 12.5 per cent demonstrated microsatellite instability (MSI). MSI was associated with a reduced likelihood of nodal positivity, an increased rate of pathological complete response, and improved disease-specific survival.
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- Hammoud, Rawan A., et al.
(författare)
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The burden of cardiovascular disease and risk for subsequent major adverse cardiovascular events in survivors of childhood cancer: a prospective, longitudinal analysis from the St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study
- 2024
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Ingår i: LANCET ONCOLOGY. - 1470-2045 .- 1474-5488. ; 25:6, s. 811-822
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The effect of the increasing lifetime burden of non -major cardiovascular conditions on risk for a subsequent major adverse cardiovascular event among survivors of childhood cancer has not been assessed. We aimed to characterise the prevalence of major adverse cardiovascular events and their association with the cumulative burden of non -major adverse cardiovascular events in childhood cancer survivors. Methods This is a longitudinal cohort study with participant data obtained from an ongoing cohort study at St Jude Children's Research Hospital: the St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study (SJLIFE). Prospective clinical follow-up was of 5 -year survivors of childhood cancer who were diagnosed when aged younger than 25 years from 1962 to 2012. Agefrequency, sex -frequency, and race -frequency matched community -control participants completed a similar one-time clinical assessment. 22 cardiovascular events were graded using a St Jude Children's Research Hospital -modified version of the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 4.03). Cumulative incidence and burden of the primary outcome of major adverse cardiovascular events (cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, stroke, and other cardiovascular -related mortality) were estimated. Rate ratios (RR) of the association of major adverse cardiovascular events with 22 non -major adverse cardiovascular events were estimated using multivariable piecewise-exponential regression adjusting for attained age, age at diagnosis, sex, race and ethnicity, treatment era, diagnosis of diabetes, and exposure to cardiotoxic cancer therapies. The St Jude Lifetime Cohort study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00760656, and is ongoing. Findings 9602 5 -year survivors of childhood cancer, and 737 community controls were included in the longitudinal follow-up (from Sept 13, 2007, to Dec 17, 2021). The median follow-up was 203 years (IQR 120-314) from the date of primary cancer diagnosis (4311 [44.9%] were females). By the age of 50 years (analysis stopped at age 50 years due to the low number of participants older than that age), the cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events among survivors was 177% (95% CI 159-195) compared with 09% (00-21) in the community controls. The cumulative burden of major adverse cardiovascular events in survivors was 026 (95% CI 023-029) events per survivor compared with 0009 (0000-0021) events per community control participant. Increasing cumulative burden of grade 1-4 non -major adverse cardiovascular events was associated with an increased future risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (one condition: RR 43, 95% CI 31-60; p<00001; two conditions: 66, 46-95; p<00001; and three conditions: 77, 51-114; p<00001). Increased risk for major adverse cardiovascular events was observed with specific subclinical conditions (eg, grade 1 arrhythmias [RR 15, 95% CI 12-20; p=00017]), grade 2 left ventricular systolic dysfunction (22, 16-31; p<00001), grade 2 valvular disorders (22, 12-40; p=0013), but not grade 1 hypercholesterolaemia, grade 1-2 hypertriglyceridaemia, or grade 1-2 vascular stenosis. Interpretation Among an ageing cohort of survivors of childhood cancer, the accumulation of non -major adverse cardiovascular events, including subclinical conditions, increased the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events and should be the focus of interventions for early detection and prevention of major adverse cardiovascular events. Funding The US National Cancer Institute and the American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities. Copyright (c) 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
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| 7. |
- Li, W, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting breast cancer response to neoadjuvant treatment using multi-feature MRI: results from the I-SPY 2 TRIAL
- 2020
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Ingår i: NPJ breast cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2374-4677. ; 6:1, s. 63-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI provides both morphological and functional information regarding breast tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). The purpose of this retrospective study is to test if prediction models combining multiple MRI features outperform models with single features. Four features were quantitatively calculated in each MRI exam: functional tumor volume, longest diameter, sphericity, and contralateral background parenchymal enhancement. Logistic regression analysis was used to study the relationship between MRI variables and pathologic complete response (pCR). Predictive performance was estimated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The full cohort was stratified by hormone receptor (HR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status (positive or negative). A total of 384 patients (median age: 49 y/o) were included. Results showed analysis with combined features achieved higher AUCs than analysis with any feature alone. AUCs estimated for the combined versus highest AUCs among single features were 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76, 0.86) versus 0.79 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.85) in the full cohort, 0.83 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.92) versus 0.73 (95% CI: 0.61, 0.84) in HR-positive/HER2-negative, 0.88 (95% CI: 0.79, 0.97) versus 0.78 (95% CI: 0.63, 0.89) in HR-positive/HER2-positive, 0.83 (95% CI not available) versus 0.75 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.81) in HR-negative/HER2-positive, and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.91) versus 0.75 (95% CI: 0.64, 0.83) in triple negatives. Multi-feature MRI analysis improved pCR prediction over analysis of any individual feature that we examined. Additionally, the improvements in prediction were more notable when analysis was conducted according to cancer subtype.
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