| 1. |
- Audet, J., et al.
(författare)
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Forest streams are important sources for nitrous oxide emissions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:2, s. 629-641
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Streams and river networks are increasingly recognized as significant sources for the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). N2O is a transformation product of nitrogenous compounds in soil, sediment and water. Agricultural areas are considered a particular hotspot for emissions because of the large input of nitrogen (N) fertilizers applied on arable land. However, there is little information on N2O emissions from forest streams although they constitute a major part of the total stream network globally. Here, we compiled N2O concentration data from low-order streams (~1,000 observations from 172 stream sites) covering a large geographical gradient in Sweden from the temperate to the boreal zone and representing catchments with various degrees of agriculture and forest coverage. Our results showed that agricultural and forest streams had comparable N2O concentrations of 1.6±2.1 and 1.3±1.8µgN/L, respectively (mean±SD) despite higher total N (TN) concentrations in agricultural streams (1,520±1,640 vs. 780±600µgN/L). Although clear patterns linking N2O concentrations and environmental variables were difficult to discern, the percent saturation of N2O in the streams was positively correlated with stream concentration of TN and negatively correlated with pH. We speculate that the apparent contradiction between lower TN concentration but similar N2O concentrations in forest streams than in agricultural streams is due to the low pH (<6) in forest soils and streams which affects denitrification and yields higher N2O emissions. An estimate of the N2O emission from low-order streams at the national scale revealed that ~1.8×109g N2O-N are emitted annually in Sweden, with forest streams contributing about 80% of the total stream emission. Hence, our results provide evidence that forest streams can act as substantial N2O sources in the landscape with 800×109gCO2-eq emitted annually in Sweden, equivalent to 25% of the total N2O emissions from the Swedish agricultural sector. © 2019 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Ulrika B., 1967-
(författare)
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Framåtsyftande bedömning i tidig läsundervisning : Teori och praktik
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syfte är att bidra med kunskap om hur framåtsyftande bedömning kan användas och används av lärare som underlag för pedagogiska åtgärder i tidig läsundervisning. I avhandlingen har jag ett pragmatiskt förhållningssätt till både teorier och metoder. Avhandlingen bygger på fyra artiklar. Datainsamling gjordes genom artikelläsning (artikel I), fokusgruppsintervjuer (artikel Il) och narrativa intervjuer (artikel III) och testresultat (artikel IV). Resultaten analyserades med; Venn-diagram (I), tematisk analys (II), narrativ analys (lll) och variansanalys (IV). Resultaten visar att formativ bedömning och Response to intervention kan komplettera varandra och att kunskap om olika framåtsyftande förhållningssätt och teorier kan underlätta lärares professionella utveckling. Det framgår också att sociala bedömningsaspekter är viktiga i avkodningsundervisningen. Resultaten visar att en stor andel av eleverna i åk 1 har fortsatt behov av avkodningsträning även i slutet av åk 1. Bedömningsverktyg för läsundervisning behöver därför ge tydlig och återkommande information om elevens förmåga att avkoda. Resultaten visar att lärarnas användning av bedömningsverktyg påverkas av kontexten. Det handlar om att uppmärksamma specifika förutsättningar och att organisera bedömningspraktiken så att ett ömsesidigt och hållbart utbyte uppstår mellan läraren, eleven och bedömningsverktyget.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Lewin, N. L., et al.
(författare)
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Influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms among cigarette smoking and non-smoking patients with coronary artery disease, urinary bladder cancer and lung cancer
- 2021
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Cigarette smoke is suggested to be a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), urinary bladder cancer (UBCa) or lung cancer (LCa). However, not all heavy smokers develop these diseases and elevated cancer risk among first-degree relatives suggests an important role of genetic factor. Methods Three hundred and ten healthy blood donors (controls), 98 CAD, 74 UBCa and 38 LCa patients were included in this pilot study. The influence of 92 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and impact of cigarette smoking were analysed. Results Out of 92 SNPs tested, differences in distribution of 14 SNPs were detected between controls and patient groups. Only CTLA4 rs3087243 showed difference in both CAD and UBCa patient group compared to control group. Stratified by smoking status, the impact of smoking was associated to frequencies of 8, 3 and 4 SNPs in CAD, UBCa, LCa patients, respectively. None of these 92 SNPs showed a statistically significant difference to more than one type of disease among smoking patients. In non-smoking patients, 7, 3 and 6 SNPs were associated to CAD, UBCa, LCa, respectively. Out of these 92 SNPs, CTLA4 rs3087243 was associated to both non-smoking CAD and UBCa. The XRCC1 rs25487 was associated to both non-smoking UBCa and LCa. Conclusion SNPs might be important risk factors for CAD, UBCa and LCa. Distribution of the SNPs was specific for each patient group, not a random event. Impact of cigarette smoking on the disease was associated to the specific SNP sequences. Thus, smoking individuals with SNPs associated to risk of these serious diseases is an important target group for smoking cessation programs.
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| 5. |
- Löfgren, Jin Persson, et al.
(författare)
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Diabetes Mellitus as a Risk Factor for Trigger Finger – a Longitudinal Cohort Study Over More Than 20 Years
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Clinical Diabetes and Healthcare. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2673-6616. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aim: Trigger finger (TF) or stenosing tenosynovitis has been associated with diabetes mellitus (DM), although today’s knowledge is mostly based on cross-sectional and case-control studies. Thus, the aim of the present population-based cohort study over more than 20 years was to investigate DM as a risk factor for TF.Methods: Data from Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS), including 30,446 individuals, were analysed with regards to baseline DM and known or potential confounders. Information regarding TF diagnosis until study end date of Dec 31st, 2018, was retrieved from the Swedish National Patient Register (NPR) using ICD-codes. Survival probability was investigated in Kaplan-Meier plots. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to evaluate DM as risk factor for TF, adjusted for several confounders and presented as Hazard Ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results: At baseline, 4.6% (1,393/30,357) participants had DM. In total, 3.2% (974/30,357) participants were diagnosed with TF during the study period. Kaplan-Meier plot showed that the probability for incident TF was significantly higher in participants with baseline DM compared with individuals without baseline DM. Adjusted HR for DM as risk factor for TF was 2.0 (95% CI: 1.5-2.6, p<0.001).Conclusion: This longitudinal study showed that DM is an important risk factor for developing TF. When adjusting for sex, age, BMI, manual work, statin use, smoking and alcohol consumption, DM remained the main risk factor for TF.
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| 6. |
- Rydberg, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic factors and the risk of Dupuytren’s disease : data from 30,000 individuals followed for over 20 years
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dupuytren’s disease (DD) is a fibroproliferative disorder affecting the palmar fascia of the hand. Risk factors include diabetes mellitus (DM), whereas a high body mass index (BMI) is associated with a lower prevalence of DD. The aim of this study was to further elucidate risk and protective factors for the development of DD using longitudinal population-based data from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS). During 1991–1996, the inhabitants aged 46–73 years in the city of Malmö, Sweden were invited to participate in the population-based MDCS (41% participation rate). Data on incident DD were retrieved from Swedish national registers. Associations between DM, alcohol consumption, BMI, and serum apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) at baseline were analysed in multivariable Cox regression models adjusted for known confounders. Among 30,446 recruited participants, 347 men and 194 women were diagnosed with DD during a median follow-up time of 23 years. DM (men HR 2.23; 95% CI 1.50–3.30, women HR 2.69; 95% CI 1.48–4.90) and alcohol consumption (men HR 2.46; 95% CI 1.85–3.27, women HR 3.56; 95% CI 1.95–6.50) were independently associated with incident DD in the Cox regression models. Furthermore, inverse associations with incident DD were found for obesity among men, and ApoB/ApoA1 ratio among both sexes. DM and excess alcohol consumption constituted major risk factors for the development of DD. Furthermore, an inverse association between obesity among men and DD, and also between ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and DD was found in both sexes.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Thet Lwin, ZM, et al.
(författare)
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Economic evaluation of expanding inguinal hernia repair among adult males in Ghana
- 2022
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Ingår i: PLOS global public health. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 2767-3375. ; 2:4, s. e0000270-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An unmet need for inguinal hernia repair is significant in Ghana where the number of specialist general surgeons is extremely limited. While surgical task sharing with medical doctors without formal specialist training in surgery has been adopted for inguinal hernia repair in Ghana, no prior research has been conducted on the long-term costs and health outcomes associated with expanding operations to repair all inguinal hernias among adult males in Ghana. The study aimed to estimate cost-effectiveness of elective open mesh repair performed by medical doctors and surgeons for adult males with primary inguinal hernia compared to no treatment in Ghana and to project costs and health gains associated with expanding operation services through task sharing between medical doctors and surgeons. The study analysis adopted a healthcare system perspective. A Markov model was constructed to assess 10-year differences in costs and outcomes between operations conducted by medical doctors or surgeons and no treatment. A 10-year budget impact analysis on service expansion for groin hernia repair through increasing task sharing between the providers was conducted. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for medical doctors and surgeons were USD 120 and USD 129 respectively per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted compared to no treatment, which are below the estimated threshold value for cost-effectiveness in Ghana of USD 371–491. Repairing all inguinal hernias (1.4 million) through task sharing between the providers in the same timeframe is estimated to cost USD 194 million. Total health gains of 1.5 million DALYs averted are expected. Inguinal hernia repair is cost-effective regardless of the type of surgical provider. Scaling up of inguinal hernia repair is worthwhile, with the potential to substantially reduce the disease burden in the country.
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| 9. |
- Walander, Magnus, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling of Mass Transfer Resistances in Non-uniformly Washcoated Monolith Reactors
- 2021
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Ingår i: Emission Control Science and Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2199-3629 .- 2199-3637. ; 7:2, s. 153-162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are various methodologies to account for mass transfer within non-uniformly distributed washcoats in monolith reactors in 1D models (axially). However, 1+1D models (axially/radially) fail to capture local variations in mass transfer from different coating thicknesses or cracks. In this paper, we present a novel way to account for local material properties in a washcoated monolith reactor. The suggested method uses an existing 1+1D modelling framework and sectionalizes the washcoat into multiple tangential segments which are solved independently. Intelligent gravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy are used in combination to calculate local effective diffusivity as an input for each simulation. The new model is compared to the original 1+1D model using NO light-off simulations. The new model predicted increased conversion at elevated temperatures, where mass transfer limitations are present, due to the higher porosity in the corners. The simulation time for each model was similar due to the parallelizable nature of the new model.
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