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- Svensson, Mats, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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A DUMMY FOR REAR-END COLLISIONS: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A NEW DUMMY NECK
- 1992
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1992 INTERNATIONAL IRCOBI CONFERENCE ON THE BIOMECHANICS OF IMPACTS. ; , s. 299-310
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study develops and validates a new dummy neck for rear-end collision testing. The effectiveness of passenger car head rests in rear-end collisions remaines poor and whiplash injuries, often occurring at low impact speeds, are a great problem. Until now, there has been no acceptable dummy for rear-end impact testing. The new neck consists of seven cervical and two thoracic vertebrae connected with pin joints. It is designed solely for rear-end collision testing at low impact speeds (lower than 20 km/h). It was validated using a series of volunteer tests. It showed good accordance. A Hybrid III neck was tested under the same conditions. This neck proved to be stiff. It also appeared to have too high resistance to horizontal translational motion between head and torso
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| 3. |
- Svensson, Mats, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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The Influence of Seat-Back and Head-Restraint Properties on the Head-Neck Motion During Rear-Impact
- 1993
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Ingår i: Proc. 1993 Int IRCOBI Conf., Eindhoven, Netherlands. ; , s. 395-406
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- One type of production-car front-seat with ahead-restraint was tested in simulated low-velocityrear-impacts using a Hybrid III-dummy fitted with amodified neck (RID-neck). The seat was modified invarious ways to test the influence of different seatproperties on the head-neck motion during theimpact.The results show that it is possible to influencethe head-neck kinematics to a great extent bymodifying the properties of the seat-back and thehead-restraint. It was possible to virtually eliminatethe neck extension motion during the rear-impactand this will hopefully result in a significantdecrease of the neck injury risk in real world rearimpacts.
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| 5. |
- Svensson, Mats Y., 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Pressure Effects in the Spinal Canal During Whiplash Extension Motion - A Possible Cause of Injury to the Cervical Spinal Ganglia
- 1993
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Research Committee on the Biomechanics of Impacts (IRCOBI) conference, Eindhoven, Netherlands. ; , s. 189-200
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- impact-velocities (<20 km/h) often cause pain in the neck region as well as a number of other neurological symptoms, most of which can be related to the nerve paths that pass through the cervical intervertebral foramina. When the neck is flexed or extended in the sagittal plane the length of the cervical spinal canal alters but the cross-sectional area of the canal remains almost constant. During flexion-extension motion of the cervical spine, the size of the inner volume of the spinal canal will change. Since the tissues inside the canal can be considered incompressible, an alteration will take place of either the amount of cerebro spinal fluid or the amount of blood in the veinplexa of the epidural space, or both. This requires fluid transportation through the intervertebral foramina as well as along the spinal canal. During a whiplash extension motion, the flow velocity can be expected to rise far above physiologically normal levels and pressure gradients can thus be expected to occur. In turn, the soft tissues inside and around the cervical spine and particularly in the intervertebral foramina will sustain mechanical strain and stress. Anaesthetised pigs were exposed to a swift extension-flexion motion of the neck while the pressure inside the spinal canal and the skull was measured. Pressure pulses of magnitudes up to 150 mmHg (20 kPa) were observed during the motion. The magnitude of pressure is for each moment dependent on the position of the neck, the velocity and the acceleration of the motion. Plasma membrane dysfunction was indicated by the results from light microscopic analyses of the cervical and the three upper thoracic spinal ganglia revealing the staining of nerve cells and satellite cells by protein complexed to the Evans Blue dye.
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