| 1. |
- Chillón, Palma, et al.
(författare)
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Bicycling to school is associated with improvements in physical fitness over a 6-year follow-up period in Swedish children
- 2012
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Ingår i: Preventive Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-7435 .- 1096-0260. ; 55:2, s. 108-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To examine whether modes of commuting to school at baseline and changes in commuting were related to 6-year changes in cardiorespiratory fitness in youth.METHODS: A total of 262 (142 girls) Swedish children (9 years at entry) were measured at baseline (1998/9) and follow-up (2004/5). Mode of commuting to school was assessed by questionnaire and fitness by a maximal bicycle test.RESULTS: At baseline, 34% of children used passive modes of commuting (e.g., car, motorcycle, bus, train), 54% walked, and 12% bicycled to school. Six years later the percentage of bicyclists increased 19% and the percentage of walkers decreased 19%. On average, children who bicycled to school increased their fitness 13% (p=0.03) more than those who used passive modes and 20% (p=0.002) more than those who walked. Children who used passive modes or walked at baseline and bicycled to school at 6 years later increased their fitness 14% (p=0.001) more than those who remained using passive modes or walking at follow-up.CONCLUSIONS: Implementing initiatives that encourage bicycling to school may be a useful strategy to increase cardiorespiratory fitness of children.
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| 2. |
- Cuenca-Garcia, Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
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Association of breakfast consumption with objectively measured and self-reported physical activity, sedentary time and physical fitness in European adolescents : the HELENA (Healthy Lifestylein Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - 1368-9800 .- 1475-2727. ; 17:10, s. 2226-2236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine the association of breakfast consumption with objectively measured and self-reported physical activity, sedentary time and physical fitness.Design: The HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Cross-Sectional Study. Breakfast consumption was assessed by two non-consecutive 24 h recalls and by a 'Food Choices and Preferences' questionnaire. Physical activity, sedentary time and physical fitness components (cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness and speed/agility) were measured and self-reported. Socio-economic status was assessed by questionnaire. Setting: Ten European cities. Subjects: Adolescents (n 2148; aged 12.5-17.5 years). Results: Breakfast consumption was not associated with measured or self-reported physical activity. However, 24 h recall breakfast consumption was related to measured sedentary time in males and females; although results were not confirmed when using other methods to assess breakfast patterns or sedentary time. Breakfast consumption was not related to muscular fitness and speed/agility in males and females. However, male breakfast consumers had higher cardiorespiratory fitness compared with occasional breakfast consumers and breakfast skippers, while no differences were observed in females. Overall, results were consistent using different methods to assess breakfast consumption or cardiorespiratory fitness (all P <= 0.005). In addition, both male and female breakfast skippers (assessed by 24 h recall) were less likely to have high measured cardiorespiratory fitness compared with breakfast consumers (OR = 0.33; 95% CI 0.18, 0.59 and OR = 0.56; 95 % CI 0.32, 0.98, respectively). Results persisted across methods. Conclusions: Skipping breakfast does not seem to be related to physical activity, sedentary time or muscular fitness and speed/agility as physical fitness components in European adolescents; yet it is associated with both measured and self-reported cardiorespiratory fitness, which extends previous findings.
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| 3. |
- Cuenca-Garcia, Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
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More Physically Active and Leaner Adolescents Have Higher Energy Intake
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Journal of Pediatrics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3476 .- 1097-6833. ; 164:1, s. 159-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To test whether youths who engage in vigorous physical activity are more likely to have lean bodies while ingesting relatively large amounts of energy. For this purpose, we studied the associations of both physical activity and adiposity with energy intake in adolescents.Study design The study subjects were adolescents who participated in 1 of 2 cross-sectional studies, the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study (n = 1450; mean age, 14.6 years) or the European Youth Heart Study (EYHS; n = 321; mean age, 15.6 years). Physical activity was measured by accelerometry, and energy intake was measured by 24-hour recall. In the HELENA study, body composition was assessed by 2 or more of the following methods: skinfold thickness, bioelectrical impedance analysis, plus dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry or air-displacement plethysmography in a subsample. In the EYHS, body composition was assessed by skinfold thickness.Results Fat mass was inversely associated with energy intake in both studies and using 4 different measurement methods (P <=.006). Overall, fat-free mass was positively associated with energy intake in both studies, yet the results were not consistent across measurement methods in the HELENA study. Vigorous physical activity in the HELENA study (P<.05) and moderate physical activity in the EYHS (P<.01) were positively associated with energy intake. Overall, results remained unchanged after adjustment for potential confounding factors, after mutual adjustment among the main exposures (physical activity and fat mass), and after the elimination of obese subjects, who might tend to under-report energy intake, from the analyses.Conclusion Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that more physically active and leaner adolescents have higher energy intake than less active adolescents with larger amounts of fat mass.
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| 4. |
- Hallström, Lena, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Breakfast consumption and CVD risk factors in European adolescents : The HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - 1368-9800 .- 1475-2727. ; 16:7, s. 1296-1305
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Objective To examine the association between breakfast consumption and CVD risk factors in European adolescents. Design Cross-sectional. Breakfast consumption was assessed by the statement 'I often skip breakfast' and categorized into 'consumer', 'occasional consumer' and 'skipper'. Blood pressure, weight, height, waist circumference, skinfold thickness, total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), TAG, insulin and glucose were measured and BMI, TC:HDL-C, LDL-C:HDL-C and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were calculated. Setting The European Union-funded HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study. Subjects European adolescents, aged 12·50- 17·49 years, from ten cities within the HELENA study (n 2929, n 925 with blood sample, 53 % females). Results In males, significant differences across breakfast consumption category ('consumer', 'occasional consumer' and 'skipper') were seen for age, BMI, skinfold thickness, waist circumference, cardiorespiratory fitness, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, TC:HDL-C, LDL-C:HDL-C, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and LDL-C; in females, for cardiorespiratory fitness, skinfold thickness, BMI, insulin and HOMA-IR. In overweight/obese males significant differences were also seen for TC and LDL-C, whereas no differences were observed in non-overweight males or in females regardless of weight status. Conclusions Our findings among European adolescents confirm previous data indicating that adolescents who regularly consume breakfast have lower body fat content. The results also show that regular breakfast consumption is associated with higher cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents, and with a healthier cardiovascular profile, especially in males. Eating breakfast regularly may also negate somewhat the effect of excess adiposity on TC and LDL-C, especially in male adolescents.
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| 5. |
- Hallström, Lena, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Breakfast Habits and their Association with Socio-demographic Factors among European Adolescents: The HELENA study.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - 1368-9800 .- 1475-2727. ; 15:10, s. 1879-1889
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To describe breakfast habits on food group level in European adolescents and to investigate the associations between these habits and socio-demographic factors.Design: Cross-sectional studySetting: Secondary schools from nine European cities participating in the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle inEuropeby Nutrition in Adolescence) Study. Breakfast habits were assessed twice using a computer-based 24-h dietary recall. Adolescents who consumed breakfast on at least one recall day were classified as ‘breakfast consumers’ and adolescents who did not have anything for breakfast on either of the two recall days were considered ‘breakfast skippers’. A ‘breakfast quality-index’ to describe breakfast quality was created based on the consumption or non-consumption of: cereals/cereal products, dairy products and fruits/vegetables. The socio-demographic factors studied were sex, age, region of Europe, maternal and paternal education, family structure and family affluence.Subjects: 2672 adolescents (12-17 years, 53 % girls). Results: The majority of the adolescents reported a breakfast that scored poorly on the breakfast quality index. Older adolescents, adolescents from the southern part of Europe and adolescents from families with low socio-economic status were more likely to consume a low-quality breakfast.Conclusion: This study highlights the need to promote the consumption of a high-quality breakfast among adolescents, particularly in older adolescents, adolescents from southern Europe and to adolescents from families with low socio-economic status, in order to improve public health.
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| 6. |
- Labayen, Idoia, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiorespiratory fitness modifies the association between the UCP3-55C>T (rs1800849) polymorphism and plasma homocysteine in Swedish youth
- 2010
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 210:1, s. 183-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Whether the polymorphisms in the UCP3 gene have an influence on plasma homocysteine levels during youth is not known, and to elucidate the putative modifying role of fitness is also of clinical interest. We analysed the association between polymorphisms in the UCP3 gene and plasma homocysteine in youth and to examine whether fitness modifies this association.METHODS: The study population comprised 267 Swedish children (8-10 years) and 305 adolescents (14-16 years). Fasting total plasma homocysteine was the outcome variable. We genotyped five UCP3 polymorphisms (rs1800849, rs1800006, rs2075577, rs647126, and rs591758) and one MTHFR 677C>T (rs1801133) polymorphism. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured with a maximal ergometer bike test.RESULTS: Youth homozygous or heterozygous for the T allele of the rs1800849 polymorphism had significantly higher levels of homocysteine than those carrying the CC genotype (8.56+/-4.72 micromol/L vs. 7.72+/-2.73 micromol/L, respectively, P=0.011) after adjusting for gender, age, pubertal status, folate and vitamin B(12) intake and MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism, whereas no association was observed for the other analysed polymorphisms. There was a significant interaction effect of fitnessxrs1800849 polymorphism (P=0.042). The effect of the rs1800849 polymorphism on homocysteine levels persisted in youth with low fitness, whereas it was abolished in those with moderate or high cardiorespiratory fitness (P>0.1).CONCLUSIONS: Cardiorespiratory fitness modifies the association between the rs1800849 polymorphism and homocysteine so that the negative effect of the T allele does not persist in youth with moderate to high levels of fitness.
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| 7. |
- Ortega, Francisco B., et al.
(författare)
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Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time during childhood, adolescence and young adulthood : a cohort study
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:4, s. e60871-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundTo know how moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time change across lifespan periods is needed for designing successful lifestyle interventions. We aimed to study changes in objectively measured (accelerometry) MVPA and sedentary time from childhood to adolescence and from adolescence to young adulthood.MethodsEstonian and Swedish participants from the European Youth Heart Study aged 9 and 15 years at baseline (N = 2312) were asked to participate in a second examination 6 (Sweden) to 9/10 (Estonia) years later. 1800 participants with valid accelerometer data were analyzed.ResultsMVPA decreased from childhood to adolescence (-1 to -2.5 min/d per year of follow-up, P = 0.01 and <0.001, for girls and boys respectively) and also from adolescence to young adulthood (-0.8 to -2.2 min/d per year, P = 0.02 and <0.001 for girls and boys, respectively). Sedentary time increased from childhood to adolescence (+ 15 and + 20 min/d per year, for girls and boys respectively, P<0.001), with no substantial change from adolescence to young adulthood. Changes in both MVPA and sedentary time were greater in Swedish than in Estonian participants and in boys than in girls. The magnitude of the change observed in sedentary time was 3-6 time larger than the change observed in MVPA.ConclusionsThe decline in MVPA (overall change = 30 min/d) and increase sedentary time (overall change = 2: 45 h/d) observed from childhood to adolescence are of concern and might increase the risk of developing obesity and other chronic diseases later in life. These findings substantially contribute to understand how key health-related behaviors (physical activity and sedentary) change across important periods of life.
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| 8. |
- Ortega, Francisco B., et al.
(författare)
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Physical Activity Attenuates the Effect of Low Birth Weight on Insulin Resistance in Adolescents Findings From Two Observational Studies
- 2011
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 60:9, s. 2295-2299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE-To examine whether physical activity influences the association between birth weight and insulin resistance in adolescents. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-The study comprised adolescents who participated in two cross-sectional studies: the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study (n = 520, mean age = 14.6 years) and the Swedish part of the European Youth Heart Study (EYHS) (n = 269, mean age = 15.6 years). Participants had valid data on birth weight (parental recall), BMI, sexual maturation, maternal education, breastfeeding, physical activity (accelerometry, counts/minute), fasting glucose, and insulin. Insulin resistance was assessed by homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Maternal education level and breastfeeding duration were reported by the mothers. RESULTS-There was a significant interaction of physical activity in the association between birth weight and HOMA-IR (logarithmically transformed) in both the HELENA study and the EYHS (P = 0.05 and P = 0.03, respectively), after adjusting for sex, age, sexual maturation, BMI, maternal education level, and breastfeeding duration. Stratified analyses by physical activity levels (below/above median) showed a borderline inverse association between birth weight and HOMA-IR in the low-active group (standardized beta = -0.094, P = 0.09, and standardized beta = -0.156, P = 0.06, for HELENA and EYHS, respectively), whereas no evidence of association was found in the high-active group (standardized beta = -0.031, P = 0.62, and standardized beta = 0.053, P = 0.55, for HELENA and EYHS, respectively). CONCLUSIONS-Higher levels of physical activity may attenuate the adverse effects of low birth weight on insulin sensitivity in adolescents. More observational data, from larger and more powerful studies, are required to test these findings. Diabetes 60:2295-2299, 2011
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