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| 2. |
- Hillman, M., et al.
(författare)
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Skim milk powder with high content of Maillard reaction products affect weight gain, organ development and intestinal inflammation in early life in rats
- 2019
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Ingår i: Food and Chemical Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0278-6915. ; 125, s. 78-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The intestinal tract is important for development of immune tolerance and disturbances are suggested to trigger autoimmune disorders. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of Maillard products in skim milk powder obtained after long storage, compared to fresh skim milk powder. Methods: Young rats were weaned onto a diet based on skim milk powder with high concentration of Maillard products (HM-SM, n = 18) or low (C-SM, n = 18) for one week or four weeks. Weekly body weight and feed consumption were noted. At the end, organ weights, intestinal histology, permeability and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated. Results: Rats fed with HM-SM had after one week, 15% less weight gain than controls, despite equal feed intake. After one week thymus and spleen were smaller, intestinal mucosa thickness was increased and acute inflammatory cytokines (IL-17, IL-1β, MCP-1) were elevated. After four weeks, cytokines associated with chronic intestinal inflammation (fractalkine, IP-10, leptin, LIX, MIP-2, RANTES and VEGF) were increased in rats fed with HM-SM compared to C-SM. Conclusion: High content of Maillard products in stored milk powder caused an intestinal inflammation. Whether this is relevant for tolerance development and future autoimmune diseases remains to be explored.
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| 3. |
- Jerrhag, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Increasing wrist fracture rates in children may have major implications for future adult fracture burden.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1745-3682 .- 1745-3674. ; :Feb 24, s. 1-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose - Childhood fractures are associated with lower peak bone mass (a determinant of osteoporosis in old age) and higher adult fracture risk. By examining time trends in childhood fracture epidemiology, it may be possible to estimate the vector of fragility fracture risk in the future. Patients and methods - By using official inpatient and outpatient data from the county of Skåne in Sweden, 1999-2010, we ascertained distal forearm fractures in children aged ≤ 16 years and estimated overall and age- and sex-specific rates and time trends (over 2.8 million patient years) and compared the results to earlier estimations in the same region from 1950 onwards. Results - During the period 1999-2010, the distal forearm fracture rate was 634 per 10(5) patient years (750 in boys and 512 in girls). This was 50% higher than in the 1950s with a different age-rate distribution (p < 0.001) that was most evident during puberty. Also, within the period 1999-2010, there were increasing fracture rates per 10(5) and year (boys +2.0% (95% CI: 1.5-2.6), girls +2.4% (95% CI: 1.7-3.1)). Interpretation - The distal forearm fracture rate in children is currently 50% higher than in the 1950s, and it still appears to be increasing. If this higher fracture risk follows the children into old age, numbers of fragility fractures may increase sharply-as an upturn in life expectancy has also been predicted. The origin of the increase remains unknown, but it may be associated with a more sedentary lifestyle or with changes in risk behavior.
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| 4. |
- Lempesis, Vasileios, et al.
(författare)
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Hand fracture epidemiology and etiology in children - Time trends in Malmö, Sweden, during six decades
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1749-799X. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim of this study was to describe hand fracture epidemiology/etiology in city children and describe time trend during six decades. Patients and methods: A single hospital serves the entire city population of 271,271 (year 2005). Through the hospital medical and radiological archives, we collected epidemiology and etiology data concerning pediatric (age < 16 years) hand fractures in city residents, treated during 2005-2006. We compared these data to previously collected data in in the same city during 12 evaluated periods from 1950/1955 to 1993-1994. We present period-specific crude and age- and gender-adjusted fracture incidence rates and group differences as incidence rate ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: In 2005-2006, we identified 414 hand fractures (303 in boys and 111 in girls), 247 phalangeal fractures (60% of all hand fractures), 140 metacarpal/carpal fractures (except the scaphoid bone) (34%), and 27 scaphoid fractures (6%). The crude hand fracture rate in children was 448/100,000 person years (639/100,000 in boys and 247/100,000 in girls), with a 2.5 times higher age-adjusted incidence in boys than in girls. Compared to 1950/1955, the age and gender-adjusted hand fracture incidence was twice as high in 2005-2006 and more than twice as high in 1976-1979. Compared to 1976-1979, we found no significant difference in the age and gender-adjusted hand fracture incidence in 2005-2006. In 2005-2006, sports injuries explained 42%, fights 20%, and traffic accidents 13% of the hand fractures. In 1950/1955, sports injuries explained 27% of fractures, fights 10%, and traffic accidents 21%. Conclusions: The incidence of hand fractures in children was more than twice as high in the end of the 1970s compared to the 1950s, where after no significant change could be found. Also, fracture etiology has changed. New studies are needed, to adequately allocate health care resources and identify new fracture prone activities suitable for preventive measures. Level of evidence: III.
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| 5. |
- Lempesis, Vasileios, et al.
(författare)
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Time trends in pediatric fracture incidence in Sweden during the period 1950–2006
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 88:4, s. 440-445
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose — Pediatric fracture incidence may not be stable. We describe recent pediatric fracture epidemiology and etiology and compare this to earlier data. Patients and methods — The city of Malmö (population 271,271 in 2005) in Sweden is served by 1 hospital. Using the hospital diagnosis registry, medical charts, and the radiographic archive, we identified fractures in individuals <16 years that had occurred during 2005 and 2006. We also retrieved previously collected fracture data from between 1950 and 1994, from the hospital’s pediatric fracture database. We used official population data to estimate period-specific fracture incidence (the number of fractures per 105 person-years) and also age- and sex-adjusted incidence. Differences are reported as rate ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals. Results — The pediatric fracture incidence during the period 2005–2006 was 1,832 per 105 person-years (2,359 in boys and 1,276 in girls), with an age-adjusted boy-to-girl ratio of 1.8 (1.6–2.1). Compared to the period 1993–1994, age-adjusted rates were unchanged (RR =0.9, 95% CI: 0.8–1.03) in 2005–2006, with lower rates in girls (RR =0.8, 95% CI: 0.7–0.99) but not in boys (RR =1.0, 95% CI: 0.9–1.1). We also found that the previously reported decrease in unadjusted incidence in Malmö from 1976–1979 to 1993–1994 was based on changes in demography, as the age-adjusted incidences were similar in the 2 periods (RR =1.0, 95% CI: 0.9–1.1). Interpretation — In Malmö, pediatric fracture incidence decreased from 1993–1994 to 2005–2006 in girls but not in boys. Changes in demography, and also other factors, influence the recent time trends.
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| 6. |
- Lindqvist, P. G., et al.
(författare)
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Avoidance of sun exposure as a risk factor for major causes of death : A competing risk analysis of the Melanoma in Southern Sweden cohort
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 280:4, s. 375-387
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Women with active sunlight exposure habits experience a lower mortality rate than women who avoid sun exposure; however, they are at an increased risk of skin cancer. We aimed to explore the differences in main causes of death according to sun exposure. Methods: We assessed the differences in sun exposure as a risk factor for all-cause mortality in a competing risk scenario for 29 518 Swedish women in a prospective 20-year follow-up of the Melanoma in Southern Sweden (MISS) cohort. Women were recruited from 1990 to 1992 (aged 25-64 years at the start of the study). We obtained detailed information at baseline on sun exposure habits and potential confounders. The data were analysed using modern survival statistics. Results: Women with active sun exposure habits were mainly at a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and noncancer/non-CVD death as compared to those who avoided sun exposure. As a result of their increased survival, the relative contribution of cancer death increased in these women. Nonsmokers who avoided sun exposure had a life expectancy similar to smokers in the highest sun exposure group, indicating that avoidance of sun exposure is a risk factor for death of a similar magnitude as smoking. Compared to the highest sun exposure group, life expectancy of avoiders of sun exposure was reduced by 0.6-2.1 years. Conclusion: The longer life expectancy amongst women with active sun exposure habits was related to a decrease in CVD and noncancer/non-CVD mortality, causing the relative contribution of death due to cancer to increase.
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| 7. |
- Samuelsson, My, et al.
(författare)
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Soluble plasma proteins ST2 and CD163 as early biomarkers of nephropathy in Swedish patients with diabetes, 15-34 years of age : a prospective cohort study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome. - : BIOMED CENTRAL LTD. - 1758-5996. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim of this study was to investigate plasma levels of sST2 and sCD163 to determine whether they at an early stage could predict development of diabetic nephropathy and/or diabetic retinopathy in patients at clinical onset. Methods: Patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus at age 15-34 years between 1987 and 1988 (n = 220) were included. Data such as BMI, smoking, HbA1c and islet cell antibodies were collected at time of diagnosis. Within the 10 year follow-up period, 112 patients (51%) developed following diabetes related complications; retinopathy (n = 91), nephropathy (n = 12) or both (n = 9). Plasma concentrations of sST2 and sCD163 were measured at time of diagnosis and levels compared between different complication groups. Results: Plasma levels of sST2 were significantly higher in patients who later developed nephropathy (n = 21; 1012 [773-1493] pg/ml) compared to those who did not (n = 199; 723 [449-1084] pg/ml; p = 0.006). A tendency for higher plasma levels of sCD163 was observed but not statistically significant (p = 0.058). Conclusions: sST2 and sCD163 show promise as potential biomarkers for the development of nephropathy already at clinical onset. sST2 and/or sCD163 could possibly be part of a biomarker panel aimed to find patients at high risk of developing nephropathy. Both markers need to be investigated in a larger prospective study.
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| 8. |
- Svensson, M.K, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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The risk for diabetic nephropathy is low in young adults in a 17-year follow-up from the Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden (DISS). Older age and higher BMI at diabetes onset can be important risk factors
- 2015
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Ingår i: Diabetes-Metabolism Research and Reviews. - : Wiley. - 1520-7560 .- 1520-7552. ; 31:2, s. 138-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimsThe main objective of this study was to estimate the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy in a population-based cohort of patients diagnosed with diabetes as young adults (15-34years). MethodsAll 794 patients registered 1987-1988 in the Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden (DISS) were invited to a follow-up study 15-19years after diagnosis, and 468 (58%) participated. Analysis of islet antibodies was used to classify type of diabetes. ResultsAfter median 17years of diabetes, 15% of all patients, 14% T1DM and 25% T2DM, were diagnosed with diabetic nephropathy. Ninety-one percent had microalbuminuria and 8.6% macroalbuminuria. Older age at diagnosis (HR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01-1.10 per year) was an independent and a higher BMI at diabetes diagnosis (HR 1.04; 95% CI 1.00-1.09 per 1kg/m(2)), a near-significant predictor of development of diabetic nephropathy. Age at onset of diabetes (p=0.041), BMI (p=0.012) and HbA1c (p<0.001) were significant predictors of developing diabetic nephropathy between 9 and 17years of diabetes. At 17years of diabetes duration, a high HbA1c level (OR 1.06; 95% CI 1.03-1.08 per 1mmol/mol increase) and systolic blood pressure (OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.051.12 per 1mmHg increase) were associated with DN. ConclusionsPatients with T2DM diagnosed as young adults seem to have an increased risk to develop diabetic nephropathy compared with those with T1DM. Older age and higher BMI at diagnosis of diabetes were risk markers for development of diabetic nephropathy. In addition, poor glycaemic control but not systolic blood pressure at 9years of follow-up was a risk marker for later development of diabetic nephropathy. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 9. |
- Tyrberg, M., et al.
(författare)
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Overweight, hyperglycemia and tobacco use are modifiable risk factors for onset of retinopathy 9 and 17 years after the diagnosis of diabetes – A retrospective observational nation-wide cohort study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-8227 .- 1872-8227. ; 133, s. 21-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The aims of this study were to estimate the risk for diabetic retinopathy (DR) and to identify risk factors. We investigated a nationwide population-based cohort with diabetes diagnosed at age 15–34 years. Patients and methods Of 794 patients registered 1987–1988 in the Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden (DISS) 444 (56%) patients with retinal photos available for classification of retinopathy participated in a follow-up study 15–19 (median 17) years after diagnosis. Mean age was 42.3 ± 5.7 years, BMI 26.1 ± 4.1 kg/m2, 62% were male and 91% had type 1 diabetes. A sub-study was performed in 367 patients with retinal photos from both the 9 and 17 year follow up and the risk for development of retinopathy between 9 and 17 years of follow up was calculated. Results After median 17 years 324/444 (73%, 67% of T1D and 71% of T2D), had developed any DR but only 5.4% proliferative DR. Male sex increased the risk of developing retinopathy (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2–2.9). In the sub-study obesity (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.04–1.4), hyperglycemia (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.6–3.8) and tobacco use (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.1–7.3) predicted onset of retinopathy between 9 and 17 years after diagnosis of diabetes. Conclusion The number of patients with severe retinopathy after 17 years of diabetes disease was small. The risk of developing retinopathy with onset between 9 and 17 years after diagnosis of diabetes was strongly associated to modifiable risk factors such as glycemic control, obesity and tobacco use.
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