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- Hillman, M., et al.
(författare)
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Skim milk powder with high content of Maillard reaction products affect weight gain, organ development and intestinal inflammation in early life in rats
- 2019
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Ingår i: Food and Chemical Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0278-6915. ; 125, s. 78-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The intestinal tract is important for development of immune tolerance and disturbances are suggested to trigger autoimmune disorders. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of Maillard products in skim milk powder obtained after long storage, compared to fresh skim milk powder. Methods: Young rats were weaned onto a diet based on skim milk powder with high concentration of Maillard products (HM-SM, n = 18) or low (C-SM, n = 18) for one week or four weeks. Weekly body weight and feed consumption were noted. At the end, organ weights, intestinal histology, permeability and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated. Results: Rats fed with HM-SM had after one week, 15% less weight gain than controls, despite equal feed intake. After one week thymus and spleen were smaller, intestinal mucosa thickness was increased and acute inflammatory cytokines (IL-17, IL-1β, MCP-1) were elevated. After four weeks, cytokines associated with chronic intestinal inflammation (fractalkine, IP-10, leptin, LIX, MIP-2, RANTES and VEGF) were increased in rats fed with HM-SM compared to C-SM. Conclusion: High content of Maillard products in stored milk powder caused an intestinal inflammation. Whether this is relevant for tolerance development and future autoimmune diseases remains to be explored.
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- Svensson, MK, et al.
(författare)
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The risk for diabetic nephropathy is low in young adults in a 17-year follow-up of the Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden (DISS) : Higher age and BMI at diabetes onset can be important risk factors
- 2015
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Ingår i: Diabetes/Metabolism Research Reviews. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1520-7552 .- 1520-7560. ; 31:2, s. 138-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: To estimate the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in a population-based cohort of patients diagnosed with diabetes as young adults (15-34 years). Methods: All 794 patients registered 1987-1988 in the Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden (DISS) were invited to a follow-up study 15-19 years after diagnosis and 468 (58%) participated. Islet cell antibodies were used to classify type of diabetes.RESULTS: After median 17 years of diabetes 15% of all patients, 14% T1DM and 25% T2DM, were diagnosed with DN. 91% had micro- and 8.6% macroalbuminuria. Older age at diagnosis (HR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01-1.10 per year) was an independent and a higher BMI at diabetes diagnosis (HR 1.04; 95% CI 1.00-1.09 per 1 kg/m(2) ) a near-significant predictor of development of DN. Age at onset of diabetes (p = 0.041), BMI (p = 0.012) and HbA1c (p < 0.001) were significant predictors of developing DN between 9 and 17 years of diabetes. At 17 years of diabetes duration, a high HbA1c level (OR 1.06; 95% CI 1.03-1.08 per 1 mmol/mol increase) and systolic blood pressure (OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.05-1.12 per 1 mmHg increase) were associated with DN.CONCLUSIONS: Patients with T2DM diagnosed as young adults seem to have an increased risk to develop DN compared to those with T1DM. Older age and higher BMI at diagnosis of diabetes were risk markers of development of DN. In addition, poor glycaemic control but not systolic blood pressure at 9 years of follow up were risk markers for later development of DN.
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- Tyrberg, M., et al.
(författare)
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Overweight, hyperglycemia and tobacco use are modifiable risk factors for onset of retinopathy 9 and 17 years after the diagnosis of diabetes – A retrospective observational nation-wide cohort study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-8227 .- 1872-8227. ; 133, s. 21-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The aims of this study were to estimate the risk for diabetic retinopathy (DR) and to identify risk factors. We investigated a nationwide population-based cohort with diabetes diagnosed at age 15–34 years. Patients and methods Of 794 patients registered 1987–1988 in the Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden (DISS) 444 (56%) patients with retinal photos available for classification of retinopathy participated in a follow-up study 15–19 (median 17) years after diagnosis. Mean age was 42.3 ± 5.7 years, BMI 26.1 ± 4.1 kg/m2, 62% were male and 91% had type 1 diabetes. A sub-study was performed in 367 patients with retinal photos from both the 9 and 17 year follow up and the risk for development of retinopathy between 9 and 17 years of follow up was calculated. Results After median 17 years 324/444 (73%, 67% of T1D and 71% of T2D), had developed any DR but only 5.4% proliferative DR. Male sex increased the risk of developing retinopathy (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2–2.9). In the sub-study obesity (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.04–1.4), hyperglycemia (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.6–3.8) and tobacco use (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.1–7.3) predicted onset of retinopathy between 9 and 17 years after diagnosis of diabetes. Conclusion The number of patients with severe retinopathy after 17 years of diabetes disease was small. The risk of developing retinopathy with onset between 9 and 17 years after diagnosis of diabetes was strongly associated to modifiable risk factors such as glycemic control, obesity and tobacco use.
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- Berglund, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical Significance of Alloantibodies in Hand Transplantation : A Multicenter Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Transplantation. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 0041-1337 .- 1534-6080. ; 103:10, s. 2173-2182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) have a strong negative correlation with long-term survival in solid organ transplantation. Although the clinical significance of DSA and antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in upper extremity transplantation (UET) remains to be established, a growing number of single-center reports indicate their presence and potential clinical impact. Methods. We present a multicenter study assessing the occurrence and significance of alloantibodies in UET in reference to immunological parameters and functional outcome. Results. Our study revealed a high prevalence and early development of de novo DSA and non-DSA (43%, the majority detected within the first 3 postoperative y). HLA class II mismatch correlated with antibody development, which in turn significantly correlated with the incidence of acute cellular rejection. Cellular rejections preceded antibody development in almost all cases. A strong correlation between DSA and graft survival or function cannot be statistically established at this early stage but a correlation with a lesser outcome seems to emerge. Conclusions. While the phenotype and true clinical effect of AMR remain to be better defined, the high prevalence of DSA and the correlation with acute rejection highlight the need for optimizing immunosuppression, close monitoring, and the relevance of an HLA class II match in UET recipients.
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- Kolehmainen, Marjukka, et al.
(författare)
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Healthy Nordic diet downregulates the expression of genes involved in inflammation in subcutaneous adipose tissue in individuals with features of the metabolic syndrome.
- 2015
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 101:1, s. 228-239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Previously, a healthy Nordic diet (ND) has been shown to have beneficial health effects close to those of Mediterranean diets.OBJECTIVE: The objective was to explore whether the ND has an impact on gene expression in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and whether changes in gene expression are associated with clinical and biochemical effects.DESIGN: Obese adults with features of the metabolic syndrome underwent an 18- to 24-wk randomized intervention study comparing the ND with the control diet (CD) (the SYSDIET study, carried out within Nordic Centre of Excellence of the Systems Biology in Controlled Dietary Interventions and Cohort Studies). The present study included participants from 3 Nordic SYSDIET centers [Kuopio (n = 20), Lund (n = 18), and Oulu (n = 18)] with a maximum weight change of ±4 kg, highly sensitive C-reactive protein concentration <10 mg/L at the beginning and the end of the intervention, and baseline body mass index (in kg/m(2)) <38. SAT biopsy specimens were obtained before and after the intervention and subjected to global transcriptome analysis with Gene 1.1 ST Arrays (Affymetrix).RESULTS: Altogether, 128 genes were differentially expressed in SAT between the ND and CD (nominal P < 0.01; false discovery rate, 25%). These genes were overrepresented in pathways related to immune response (adjusted P = 0.0076), resulting mainly from slightly decreased expression in the ND and increased expression in the CD. Immune-related pathways included leukocyte trafficking and macrophage recruitment (e.g., interferon regulatory factor 1, CD97), adaptive immune response (interleukin32, interleukin 6 receptor), and reactive oxygen species (neutrophil cytosolic factor 1). Interestingly, the regulatory region of the 128 genes was overrepresented for binding sites for the nuclear transcription factor κB.CONCLUSION: A healthy Nordic diet reduces inflammatory gene expression in SAT compared with a control diet independently of body weight change in individuals with features of the metabolic syndrome. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00992641.
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- Kontogeorgos, Georgios, et al.
(författare)
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Normocalcaemic, vitamin D-sufficient hyperparathyroidism - high prevalence and low morbidity in the general population: A long-term follow-up study, the WHO MONICA project, Gothenburg, Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clinical Endocrinology. - : Wiley. - 0300-0664 .- 1365-2265. ; 83:2, s. 277-284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveThere is limited knowledge about the natural history of normocalcaemic, vitamin D-sufficient hyperparathyroidism (nHPT). The aim was to study the prevalence of nHPT and its relation to morbidity. DesignCross-sectional and retrospective study at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. SubjectsA random population of 608 men and women, age 25-64years, was studied in 1995 as part of the WHO MONICA study and reinvestigated in 2008 (n=410, of whom 277 were vitamin D sufficient). MeasurementsA serum intact parathyroid hormone (S-PTH) 60ng/l was considered as HPT, S-calcium 215-249mmol/l as normocalcaemia and S-25(OH)D50nmol/l as vitamin D sufficiency. Data on fractures, stroke and myocardial infarction were retrieved until 2013, that is a 17-year follow-up. ResultsThe prevalence of nHPT was 20% in 1995 (age 25-64) and 110% in 2008 (age 38-79). S-PTH was positively correlated with age and BMI. After adjustment for these variables, a high S-PTH level (60ng/l) at follow-up was associated with previously low S-25(OH)D, high osteocalcin, S-PTH and both past and presently treated hypertension. No relation was seen with creatinine, cystatin C, malabsorption markers, thyroid function, glucose, insulin, lipids, calcaneal quantitative ultrasound, fractures, myocardial infarction, stroke or death at follow-up. ConclusionsThis small random population study showed that nHPT was common, 11% at follow-up. Only one individual developed mild hypercalcaemia in 13years. Previous S-PTH was predictive of nHPT and hypertension was prevalent, but no increase in hard end-points was seen over a 17-year period.
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| 10. |
- Laine, Christine M., et al.
(författare)
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Case report: fast reversal of severe osteoporosis after correction of excessive levothyroxine treatment and long-term follow-up.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-2965. ; 28:7, s. 2247-2250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This case report describes a 38-year-old woman, who presented with bilateral femoral stress fractures and osteoporosis after years of excessive levothyroxine treatment. Her bone health was restored rapidly and long-lasting with the reduction of levothyroxine dosage. No bone-active treatment was warranted.Hyperthyroidism is a known risk factor for osteoporosis and fractures. Recent studies on patients with serum thyrotropin-suppressive therapy have not, however, indicated adverse effects on bone during long-term follow-up.This case report describes long-term follow-up data of a clinically euthyreoid patient, who developed symptomatic osteoporosis due to excessive levothyroxine treatment.After correction of levothyroxine dosage, her bone mineral density (BMD) and previously elevated serum osteocalcin levels normalized rapidly and she remained free from fractures during 23 years of follow-up over menopause.Excessive TSH suppression contributed to the secondary osteoporosis in this patient; BMD normalized after dose reduction of levothyroxine and no fractures occurred during 23 years' follow-up. Some patients develop severe osteoporosis if they are over-substituted with levothyroxine, and decent follow-up of patients with levothyroxine supplementation is mandatory.
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