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| 2. |
- Landström, Sara, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Rättspraktikers inställning till modern ljud- och bildteknik i rättssalen : En rättspsykologisk studie
- 2012
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Ingår i: Svensk Juristtidning. - 0039-6591. ; :3, s. 197-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Processlagstiftningsreformen En modernare rättegång (EMR) har inneburit en ökad användning av modern teknik i rättsliga förfaranden. Frågan hur rättspraktiker uppfattar att denna teknik påverkar deras bedömningar av exempelvis trovärdighet är inte minst därför högaktuell.Rättspsykologiska studier har visat att förhör och förhörspersoner förmedlade genom ljud- och bilduppspelning (videouppspelning) eller ljud- och bildöverföring (videokonferens) bedöms som mindre trovärdiga och tillförlitliga än de som hörs på plats i rättssalen. De flesta av dessa studier har baserats på lekmäns bedömningar av fiktiva vittnesmål. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka rättspraktikers inställning till den moderna ljud- och bildtekniken, liksom vilken betydelse de anser att presentationsformatet har vid bedömningar av målsägandes tillförlitlighet och trovärdighet i brottmål. Studien utgörs av enkätsvar från 400 svenska rättspraktiker (poliser, nämndemän, åklagare och lagfarna domare).Studiens resultat visar att respondenterna överlag var positiva till såväl videokonferens som videoinspelade tingsrättsförhör. Som fördelar framhölls att tekniken kan vara till stor hjälp för målsägande genom att reducera deras stress och öka utsagornas korrekthet. I linje med tidigare forskning menade man dock att de som hörs på plats i rättssalen framstår som mer tillförlitliga och trovärdiga än de som hörs genom videokonferens eller uppspelad video. Respondenterna beskrev förhör på plats i rättssalen som bland annat mer levande och känslomässigt engagerande. Resultaten diskuteras avseende likheter och skillnader mellan olika grupper av rättspraktiker och konsekvenser av teknikens tillämpning inom rättsväsendet.
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| 3. |
- Alfredsson, Helen, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Blame attribution in a stranger rape case: Perpetrator characteristics and participant gender
- 2011
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Ingår i: Society of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, conference 27-29 June, 2011, NYC..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In rape blame research perpetrator characteristics is understudied. The relative independence of perpetrator blame and victim blame is also unclear. Using a community sample (N=161), we investigated participant gender, perpetrator age and previous conviction influencing blame attributions using a vignette methodology. Perpetrator age had no effect, but interactions were found between participant gender and perpetrator previous conviction: men attributed more victim blame and less perpetrator blame when the perpetrator had a previous conviction. For women the effect was reversed. Results indicate that increased perpetrator blame is associated to decreased victim blame. Moreover, perpetrator characteristics are relevant in blame attribution research.
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| 4. |
- Alfredsson, Helen, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of perpetrator characteristics and participants belief in a just world on blame attribution of rape victims
- 2011
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Ingår i: the 21th Conference of the European Association of Psychology and Law (EAPL), 2010, Miami..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rape victims are often the subject of secondary victimization when being blamed for their assaults. In an experiment using a community sample (N=161), we investigated the effect of perpetrator characteristics; age and previous conviction, participants gender and belief in a just world on blame attributions using a vignette methodology. Results show that female participants attributed most victim blame when the perpetrator had a previous conviction, although male participants attributed most victim blame when the perpetrator had no such history. It seems as features of the perpetrator can influence allocation of victim blame and that gender of the observer also matters.
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| 5. |
- Ask, Karl, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Why emotions matter: Expectancy violation and affective response mediate the emotional victim effect
- 2010
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Ingår i: Law and Human Behavior. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1573-661X .- 0147-7307. ; 34:5, s. 392-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanisms behind the ‘emotional victim effect’ (i.e., that the emotionality of a rape victim’s demeanor affects perceived credibility) are relatively unexplored. In this article, a previously neglected mechanism—observers’ affective response to the victim—is proposed as an alternative to the traditional expectancy-violation account. The emotional victim effect was replicated in an experiment with a sample of police trainees (N = 189), and cognitive load was found to increase the magnitude of the effect. Importantly, both compassionate affective response and expectancy violation actively mediated the emotional victim effect when the other mechanism was controlled for. These findings extend previous research on credibility judgments by introducing a ‘hot’ cognitive component in the judgment process. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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| 6. |
- Clemens, Franziska, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Skulking around the dinosaur: Eliciting cues to children’s deception via strategic disclosure of evidence.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Applied Cognitive Psychology. ; 24, s. 925-940
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research has shown that cues to deception are more salient as an effect of strategic use of evidence (SUE) during interviews. This study examined the feasibility of the SUE-technique for eliciting cues to children's deception. Experiment 1 investigated verbal cues to deception as a function of early vs. late disclosure of evidence. Eighty-four children (12–14 years) either guilty or innocent of a mock crime were interviewed. As predicted, deceptive statements were significantly more inconsistent with the evidence than truthful statements, and this was more pronounced as a function of late compared to early disclosure of evidence. In Experiment 2, adult observers (N=168) made veracity assessments of the videotaped statements. Observers in the late disclosure condition achieved an accuracy rate higher than chance (63.1%), whereas accuracy rates in the early disclosure condition were at chance level (56%). Accuracy rates were significantly higher for truthful (70.2%), than deceptive statements (48.8%).
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| 7. |
- Ernberg, Emelie, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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To Prosecute or not to Prosecute: Law Students’ Judicial Decisions in CSA Cases
- 2014
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Ingår i: The 10th Meeting of the Nordic Network for Research on Psychology and Law (NNPL), Oslo, Norway, November 7-8.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) investigations are complicated and few cases are prosecuted. The aim of the present study was to investigate judicial decisions in CSA investigations. Seventy-one law students (42 females, 29 males) read a vignette depicting a CSA investigation, assessed the complainant’s and the accused’s credibility, and if the case should be prosecuted or not. The participants were assigned to one of four conditions defined by a 2 (evidence: high probative value vs. low probative value) x 2 (complainant demeanour: emotional vs. neutral) factorial design. Females assigned higher credibility to the complainant than did males and males assigned higher credibility to the accused than did females. Emotionality, but not evidential value, affected credibility judgments: Females believed less in the suspect when the child behaved in an emotional manner. Most participants (94.4%) thought that the case should be prosecuted, though only 73.2% believed that prosecution could be corroborated. Corroboration of prosecution was affected by evidential value, but not emotionality. The results indicate that the behaviour of alleged crime victims might affect males and females differently, which in turn could lead to biased judicial decisions in CSA investigations.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Landström, Sara, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Barnvittnen och trovärdighet
- 2014
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Ingår i: Sveriges Radio P4: Vetandets värld. ; Måndag 17 mars kl 12:10
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det kan tyckas självklart att brottsoffer som visar sina känslor lätt blir trodd av sin omgivning. Men ett experiment visar att även juridikstuderande som arbetar med vittnesmål låter sig påverkas. Ett psykologiexperiment där barnskådespelare berättar om mobbning på två olika sätt, antingen starkt känslomässigt eller neutralt kan ge helt olika utfall av sanningen. Vid Göteborgs universitet arbetar psykologiforskaren Sara Landström med barnskådespelare som berättar om hur ett gäng tagit pojkens/flickans mössa och spolat ned den i toaletten. En video med barnen spelas upp för juridikstuderande i straffrätt (totalt 155 st) och ett batteri med skattningsskalor används för att mäta trovärdighet. Resultat blev att en "emotional victims effect" gör sig gällande när försökspersonerna gör sina bedömningar. Betyder det då att man som offer kan göra "sin version" till sanning och därmed påverka domslut?
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| 10. |
- Landström, Sara, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Credibility Judgments in Context: Effects of Emotional Expression, Presentation Mode, and Testimonial Consistency
- 2014
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Ingår i: The 10th meeting of the Nordic Network for research on Psychology and Law (NNPL), Oslo, Norway, November 7-8, 2014.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this study, we examined the effects of complainant emotionality, presentation mode, and testimonial consistency on credibility judgments in an intimate partner abuse case. Police trainees (N = 172) assessed the credibility of a complainant who appeared either live or on video, and behaved in an emotional or a neutral manner. In addition, the consistency of the testimony with other evidence was manipulated. Results showed that live (vs. video) and consistent (vs. inconsistent) testimonies were perceived as more credible, and that the presentation mode effect was mediated by participants’ felt compassion and approach/avoidance tendencies toward the complainant. As predicted, emotional (vs. neutral) demeanor increased perceived credibility through its effect on expectancy confirmation, but this effect was masked by mechanisms operating in the opposite direction. These findings highlight the need to consider multiple, sometimes conflicting, mechanisms underlying extra-legal influences on credibility judgments. Legal and policy implications are discussed.
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