| 1. |
- Adolfsson, Kerstin, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Blame Attributions in Multiple Perpetrator Rape Cases: The Impact of Sympathy, Consent, Force, and Beliefs
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Interpersonal Violence. - : SAGE Publications. - 0886-2605 .- 1552-6518. ; 35:23-24, s. 5336-5364
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Victims of multiple perpetrator rape (MPR) have been found to be an especially vulnerable group. This study examined effects of MPR and perpetrators’ use of force on attributions of victim and perpetrator blame. In two large experiments (total N = 2,928), Swedish community members read scenarios depicting an MPR and subsequently made several ratings of blame, rape myth acceptance (RMA), just world beliefs, sympathy for the victim, perception of consent, and trust in the legal system. Data were analyzed with a multianalytical approach using both analyses of variance as well as exploratory analyses. In Experiment 1, more blame was attributed to a victim of MPR than a victim of a lone perpetrator rape (LPR). In Experiment 2, no effect of used force was found on levels of attributed blame. In both experiments, hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that four components, identified through principal components analyses, explained substantial shares of the variance in both victim and perpetrator blame. The best individual predictors were participants’ perception of consent, sympathy for the victim, and RMA. The study shows the importance of studying participants’ beliefs and attitudes about rape and that victim-blaming research needs both theory development and greater methodological awareness. Implications for victim support services are also discussed.
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| 2. |
- Ask, Karl, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Trovärdighet
- 2021
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Ingår i: Handbok i rättspsykologi (andra upplagan). - Stockholm : Liber. - 9789147113064 ; , s. 374-390
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ordet trovärdighet nämns ofta i samma andetag som tillförlitlighet, och därför är det lätt att få uppfattningen att orden är synonymer. Det finns dock viktiga skillnader mellan de båda begreppen, även om det råder oenighet kring exakt vari skillnaderna består. Ett av syftena med detta kapitel är därför att reda ut vad trovärdighet är och hur det skiljer sig från andra närbesläktade begrepp. Att trovärdighet kan vara avgörande i domstolsförhandlingar framgår tydligt av hur domstolar redogör för sin värdering av muntliga utsagor. Kapitlet ger därför inblick i hur trovärdighetsbegreppet används i svensk rättslig praxis och redogör för några faktorer som kan påverka om målsäganden, tilltalade och vittnen upplevs som trovärdiga eller ej.
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| 3. |
- Calado, Bruna, et al.
(författare)
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Implanting false autobiographical memories for repeated events
- 2021
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Ingår i: Memory. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0965-8211 .- 1464-0686. ; 29:10, s. 1320-1341
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research to date has exclusively focused on the implantation of false memories for single events. The current experiment is the first proof of concept that false memories can be implanted for repeated autobiographical experiences using an adapted false memory implantation paradigm. We predicted that false memory implantation approaches for repeated events would generate fewer false memories compared to the classic implantation method for single events. We assigned students to one of three implantation conditions in our study: Standard, Repeated, and Gradual. Participants underwent three interview sessions with a 1-week interval between sessions. In the Standard condition, we exposed participants to a single-event implantation method in all three interviews. In the Repeated condition, participants underwent a repeated-event implantation method in the three interviews. The Gradual condition also consisted of a repeated-event implantation method, however, in the first interview alone, we suggested to participants that they had experienced the false narrative once. Surprisingly, within our sample, false memories rates in the Standard condition were not higher compared to the Repeated and Gradual conditions. Although sometimes debated, our results imply that false memories for repeated events can be implanted in lab conditions, likely with the same ease as false memories for single events.
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| 4. |
- Denault, Vincent, et al.
(författare)
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The Analysis of Nonverbal Communication: The Dangers of Pseudoscience in Security and Justice Contexts : Análisis de la comunicación no verbal: los peligros de la pseudociencia en entornos de seguridad y justicia
- 2020
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Ingår i: Anuario de Psicología Jurídica. - : Colegio Oficial de la Psicologia de Madrid. - 1133-0740 .- 2174-0542. ; 30:1, s. 1-12
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- For security and justice professionals (e.g., police officers, lawyers, judges), the thousands of peer-reviewed articles on nonverbal communication represent important sources of knowledge. However, despite the scope of the scientific work carried out on this subject, professionals can turn to programs, methods, and approaches that fail to reflect the state of science. The objective of this article is to examine (i) concepts of nonverbal communication conveyed by these programs, methods, and approaches, but also (ii) the consequences of their use (e.g., on the life or liberty of individuals). To achieve this objective, we describe the scope of scientific research on nonverbal communication. A program (SPOT; Screening of Passengers by Observation Techniques), a method (the BAI; Behavior Analysis Interview) and an approach (synergology) that each run counter to the state of science are examined. Finally, we outline five hypotheses to explain why some organizations in the fields of security and justice are turning to pseudoscience and pseudoscientific techniques. We conclude the article by inviting these organizations to work with the international community of scholars who have scientific expertise in nonverbal communication and lie (and truth) detection to implement evidence-based practices.
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| 5. |
- Ernberg, Emelie, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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"It doesn't work at all, that's my experience" : Swedish forensic interviewers' views on interpreter-mediated child interviews
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect. - : Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd. - 0145-2134 .- 1873-7757. ; 127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Legal practitioners have expressed concerns regarding the quality of interpreter mediated forensic interviews with child witnesses. Objective: This mixed-methods study aimed to examine Swedish forensic interviewers experiences of conducting child interviews via a language interpreter. Participants and setting: Forty-one forensic interviewers from the Swedish Police Authority with experience conducting interpreter-mediated child interviews participated in a digital survey. Methods: Their responses were analyzed using both qualitative (thematic and content analyses) and quantitative (descriptive and inferential statistics) approaches. Results: The forensic interviewers general experiences of conducting interpreter-mediated child interviews were negative. Limited access to authorized legal interpreters and doubts regarding the accuracy of interpretation were described as major obstacles in these investigations. The presence of an interpreter could negatively impact childrens disclosure process and limit their chances of expressing their views during legal proceedings. Conclusions: According to Swedish forensic interviewers, the quality of interpreter-mediated child interviews urgently needs to be addressed. Our results are consistent with previous surveys from Australia and the United States, highlighting the international relevance of these topics. Future improvements are vital to ensure that all children are provided an equal right to be heard during criminal investigations, regardless of the native language.
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| 6. |
- Ernberg, Emelie, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Prosecutors’ experiences investigating alleged sexual abuse against preschoolers
- 2020
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Ingår i: Psychology, Crime and Law. - 1068-316X. ; 26:7, s. 687-709
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Investigating and prosecuting cases of alleged child sexual abuse is challenging, especially if the report concerns a young child. The present study aimed to examine prosecutors’ experiences investigating and prosecuting cases of alleged sexual abuse of pre-schoolers. Ninety-four Swedish child abuse prosecutors participated in a 2017 national survey regarding their work with these cases and their experiences collaborating with police and Child Protective Services (CPS). Their responses were analysed using both quantitative (descriptive and inferential statistics) and qualitative (thematic analysis) approaches. The prosecutors described difficulties eliciting and evaluating testimony from the youngest children, alongside a lack of corroborative evidence, as the main challenges in investigating cases of alleged sexual abuse of pre-schoolers. Some prosecutors reported that an ongoing CPS investigation could negatively affect the criminal investigation. Furthermore, the quality of the investigative child interview was described as paramount to the investigation and as something that could be affected by the interviewer as well as the resources available to the police. Suggestions for future research and potential practical implications for CSA investigations involving pre-schoolers are discussed.
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| 7. |
- Granhag, Pär-Anders, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Minne för traumatiska händelser
- 2021
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Ingår i: Handbok i Rättspsykologi. - Stockholm : Liber. - 9789147113064
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inom rättspsykologin är kopplingen mellan trauma och minne relevant i många olika situationer och sammanhang. I detta kapitel uppmärksammar vi ett urval av dessa situationer. Vi börjar med att definiera 'trauma' och vi undanröjer några vanliga myter om det mänskliga minnet. Sedan diskuterar vi fenomen som bortträngda minnen, falska minnen, flashbulb memories och kopplingen mellan PTSD och minne.
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| 8. |
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Handbok i rättspsykologi
- 2021
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Handbok i rättspsykologi presenterar nationell och internationell vetenskaplig kunskap. Boken är skriven av sjutton författare som alla är aktiva forskare och lärare inom rättspsykologi eller angränsande områden. Boken inleds med en introduktion till rättspsykologin och det svenska rättsväsendet. Därefter beskrivs teorier och forskning om brottslighet, offer och förövare, följt av genomgångar av hur rättspsykologin kan bidra till att förbättra både utredningsarbete och förhandlingar i domstol. Avslutningsvis ger boken inblick i rättspsykologisk forskning och hur den kan omsättas i praktiken. Handbok i rättspsykologi består av 26 kapitel.
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| 9. |
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Interviewing Child Witnesses: Proceedings of the 2019 theoretical course
- 2020
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Proceedings (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The PhD course Interviewing child witnesses (6 higher education credits) offers an introduction to child interviewing in forensic settings. The first part of these proceedings focus on different interviewing techniques. The PhD students were asked to choose and study one established legal interrogation technique and explain why (or why not) the technique is suitable for children of different ages. The students were also asked to explain for what purposes the technique is suitable (e.g., for child plaintiffs, witnesses or child suspects). The second part of these proceedings focuses on children in the legal system worldwide. The students were to give an oral presentation and a brief written account of the situation for children (as suspects, as witnesses, and as plaintiffs) in the legal system in their home country.
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| 10. |
- Joleby, Malin, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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"All of Me Is Completely Different" : Experiences and Consequences Among Victims of Technology-Assisted Child Sexual Abuse
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to gain a first-person perspective on the experiences of technology-assisted child sexual abuse (TA-CSA), and a deeper understanding of the way it may affect its victims. Seven young women (aged 17-24) with experience of TA-CSA before the age of 18 participated in individual in-depth interviews. The interviews were teller-focused with the aim of capturing the interviewee's own story about how they made sense of their experiences over time, and what impact the victimization had on them in the short and long terms. Thematic analysis of the interviews revealed a broad range of abusive experiences that had profoundly impacted the individuals' lives, health and self-concepts. Three dominant themes emerged from the analysis - From thrilling to abusive, Negative effect on health and wellbeing, and A new self after the abuse. From thrilling to abusive captures the wide range of experiences described, starting from the child's own sexual curiosity to descriptions of having been manipulated or threatened into engaging in sexual activity, as well as the sometimes long and complex process of understanding the severity of one's experiences. Negative effect on health and wellbeing describes the victimization's comprehensive impact on the life and health of the participants, how they blamed themselves for what had happened, and the struggle of having to live with the constant fear of pictures from the abuse resurfacing. A new self after the abuse depicts how the victimization impacted the way participants viewed and thought about themselves in relation to others, and distorted their views of their bodies. The findings are discussed in relation to previous research on both offline CSA and TA-CSA, as well as theoretical and practical implications.
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