| 1. |
- Tinker, N. A., et al.
(författare)
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New DArT markers for oat provide enhanced map coverage and global germplasm characterization
- 2009
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Ingår i: BMC Genomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2164. ; 10:39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Genomic discovery in oat and its application to oat improvement have been hindered by a lack of genetic markers common to different genetic maps, and by the difficulty of conducting whole-genome analysis using high-throughput markers. This study was intended to develop, characterize, and apply a large set of oat genetic markers based on Diversity Array Technology (DArT). Results: Approximately 19,000 genomic clones were isolated from complexity-reduced genomic representations of pooled DNA samples from 60 oat varieties of global origin. These were screened on three discovery arrays, with more than 2000 polymorphic markers being identified for use in this study, and approximately 2700 potentially polymorphic markers being identified for use in future studies. DNA sequence was obtained for 2573 clones and assembled into a non-redundant set of 1770 contigs and singletons. Of these, 705 showed highly significant (Expectation < 10E-10) BLAST similarity to gene sequences in public databases. Based on marker scores in 80 recombinant inbred lines, 1010 new DArT markers were used to saturate and improve the 'Kanota' x 'Ogle' genetic map. DArT markers provided map coverage approximately equivalent to existing markers. After binning markers from similar clones, as well as those with 99% scoring similarity, a set of 1295 non-redundant markers was used to analyze genetic diversity in 182 accessions of cultivated oat of worldwide origin. Results of this analysis confirmed that major clusters of oat diversity are related to spring vs. winter type, and to the presence of major breeding programs within geographical regions. Secondary clusters revealed groups that were often related to known pedigree structure. Conclusion: These markers will provide a solid basis for future efforts in genomic discovery, comparative mapping, and the generation of an oat consensus map. They will also provide new opportunities for directed breeding of superior oat varieties, and guidance in the maintenance of oat genetic diversity.
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| 2. |
- Menoni, C. S., et al.
(författare)
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Nanometer-scale imaging and ablation with Extreme Ultraviolet lasers
- 2007
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Ingår i: 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5. - 9781424435906 ; , s. 1401-1402
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The short wavelength and high brightness of compact extreme ultraviolet lasers is shown to enable the development of microscopes with spatial resolution of tens of nanometers and new types of nanoprobes.
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| 3. |
- Menoni, C. S., et al.
(författare)
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Nanoscale resolution microscopy and ablation with extreme ultraviolet lasers
- 2007
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Ingår i: 2007 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2. - 9781424409242 ; , s. 488-489
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We obtain a spatial resolution down to 38 run with full field imaging and laser-ablation systems that exploit the short wavelength and high brightness output from compact extreme ultraviolet lasers in combination with zone plate optics.
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| 4. |
- Wilkins, Justin J., et al.
(författare)
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Variability in the population pharmacokinetics of pyrazinamide in South African tuberculosis patients
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-6970 .- 1432-1041. ; 62:9, s. 727-735
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to characterize the population pharmacokinetics of pyrazinamide in South African pulmonary tuberculosis patients, with special reference to interindividual and interoccasional variability (IIV and IOV, respectively). METHODS: Concentration-time measurements obtained from 227 patients receiving oral doses of pyrazinamide were pooled to create a dataset containing 3,092 data points spanning multiple dosing occasions. The software program NONMEM was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: A one-compartment model with first-order absorption, including a zero-order component describing release from formulation, and first-order elimination best described the data. The absorption rate constant was estimated to be bimodally distributed between two distinct subgroups, fast and slow, in approximately even proportion. Absorption rate was threefold greater in fast absorbers (3.56 h(-1)) in comparison to slow absorbers (1.25 h(-1)). Typical values of oral clearance and apparent volume of distribution were estimated as 3.42 L h(-1) and 29.2 l, respectively. IOV was supported in oral clearance (0.0238, variance) and absorption rate (0.623, variance). The duration of zero-order absorption was estimated as 0.290 h, and was quite variable between patients (0.957, variance). CONCLUSION: The absorption of pyrazinamide in the studied population was highly variable and two separate subpopulations were identified. IOV accounted for a proportion of the variability in clearance and the absorption rate constant.
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| 5. |
- Olander, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Accessibility Is Not Enough - What about Feelings in Universal Design?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Clarkson, P., Langdon, P., Goodman-Deane, J., and Robinson, P.. ; , s. 15-24
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is nothing such as a standard person and a product will always exist in a context. It is of democratic importance to be able to take part in society on an equal level. Non-discriminating design tries to meet the diversity among users when new design solutions are created. Although functionality will remain an es-sential precondition for user satisfaction with products and market success, emo-tional experiences influence how a product is received. A product that the user does not wish to interact with will not be considered as meaningful for that person, and such a product will elicit negative emotions, perhaps expressed as unpleasant feelings. Using Emotional Universal Design (EUD) Principles as complements to the seven original Universal Design (UD) Principles is one way to initiate a dis-cussion about how socio-cultural obstacles can also be reduced or even eliminated in society.
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| 6. |
- Wilkins, Justin J., et al.
(författare)
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Population Pharmacokinetics of Rifampin in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients Including a Semi-mechanistic Model to Describe Variable Absorption
- 2008
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Ingår i: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. - 0066-4804 .- 1098-6596. ; 52:6, s. 2138-2148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article describes the population pharmacokinetics of rifampin in South African pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Three datasets containing 2,913 rifampin plasma concentration-time data points, collected from 261 South African pulmonary tuberculosis patients aged 18 to 72 years and weighing 28.5 to 85.5 kg and receiving regular daily treatment that included administration of rifampin (450 to 600 mg) for at least 10 days, were pooled. A compartmental pharmacokinetic model was developed using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. Variability in the shape of the absorption curve was described using a flexible transit compartment model, in which a delay in the onset of absorption and a gradually changing absorption rate were modeled as the passage of drug through a chain of hypothetical compartments, ultimately reaching the absorption compartment. A previously described implementation was extended to allow its application to multiple-dosing data. The typical population estimate of oral clearance was 19.2 liters . h(-1), while the volume of distribution was estimated to be 53.2 liters. Interindividual variability was estimated to be 52.8% for clearance and 43.4% for volume of distribution. Interoccasional variability was estimated for CL/F (22.5%) and mean transit time during absorption (67.9%). The use of single-drug formulations was found to increase both the mean transit time (by 104%) and clearance (by 23.6%) relative to fixed-dose-combination use. A strong correlation between clearance and volume of distribution suggested substantial variability in bioavailability, which could have clinical implications, given the dependence of treatment effectiveness on exposure. The final model successfully described rifampin pharmacokinetics in the population studied and is suitable for simulation in this context.
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