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- Gamborg, Michael, et al.
(author)
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Birth weight and systolic blood pressure in adolescence and adulthood : meta-regression analysis of sex- and age-specific results from 20 Nordic studies
- 2007
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In: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 166:6, s. 634-645
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The authors investigated the shape, sex- and age-dependency, and possible confounding of the association between birth weight and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in 197,954 adults from 20 Nordic cohorts (birth years 1910-1987), one of which included 166,249 Swedish male conscripts. Random-effects meta-regression analyses were performed on estimates obtained from age- and sex-stratified analyses within each of the cohorts. There was an inverse association between birth weight and SBP, irrespective of adjustment for concurrent body mass index. The association was linear for males, but for females with a birth weight greater than 4 kg, SBP increased with birth weight (p < 0.01). The association was stronger in the older age groups (p < 0.05), although this could have been a birth cohort effect. The association was stronger among females than among males (p = 0.005) when birth weight was less than or equal to 4 kg. The estimated effect of birth weight on SBP at age 50 years was -1.52 mmHg/kg (95% confidence interval: -2.27, -0.77) in men and -2.80 mmHg/kg (95% confidence interval: -3.85, -1.76) in women. Exclusion of the Swedish conscripts produced nearly identical results. This meta-analysis supports the evidence of an inverse birth weight-SBP association, regardless of adjustment for concurrent body size. It also reveals important heterogeneity in the shape and strength of the association by sex and age.
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| 3. |
- Lapidus, Leif, 1950, et al.
(author)
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Weight and length at birth and their relationship to diabetes incidence and all-cause mortality--a 32-year follow-up of the population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden
- 2008
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In: Primary Care Diabetes. ; 2, s. 127-133
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Department of Primary Health Care, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden. leif.lapidus@vgregion.se OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to explore the relationship of weight and length at birth to diabetes in adult life and to all-cause mortality. Special attention was taken to potential confounding factors as age, family history, education, socio-economic group, physical inactivity, smoking, blood pressure, serum lipids and obesity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A longitudinal population study consisting of a representative sample of 1381 women aged 38-54 started in Gothenburg, Sweden, in 1968-1969 monitoring for diabetes mellitus and overall mortality over 32 years. Original delivery records were retrieved for 61.2% of the women. Death certificates were obtained for 99.3% the women who died during the 32-year follow-up period. RESULTS: We observed an inverse statistically significant relationship between birth weight and 32-year diabetes incidence independent of age, the highest incidence 16.3% in the lowest quartile of birth weight compared to 9.2% in the highest quartile. The relationship remained when controlling for the following covariates: education, socio-economic group, physical activity, smoking, systolic blood pressure, adult body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio, serum triglycerides and cholesterol. When overweight women (BMI> or =25) were excluded from the statistical analyses birth weight was even stronger related to the incidence of diabetes, 12.8% in lowest quartile and 5.7% in the highest quartile of birth weight independent of birth length, education, socio-economic group, physical activity, smoking, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, blood glucose, serum triglycerides and cholesterol. Length at birth was a predictor for diabetes independent of age plus adult body mass index (BMI) and smoking but not independent of age only. No significant associations were observed between birth factors as birth weight and birth length and overall mortality during the 32-year of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: A low birth weight seems to be a risk factor for diabetes in adult women independent of age and most of the established risk factors for diabetes.
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| 4. |
- Lissner, Lauren, 1956, et al.
(author)
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Diet, obesity and obesogenic trends in two generations of Swedish women.
- 2008
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In: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 48:8, s. 424-431
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Secular trends in obesity and related lifestyle factors are reported in two generations of 38- and 50-year old Swedish women. Specifically, we describe changes in obesity and fat patterning, while examining concurrent shifts in factors that are proposed to be causally related to the modern obesity epidemic. METHODS: A total of 1,270 women aged 38 or 50 were selected from population registries and examined in 1968/69 (born 1930 or 1918) or 2004/05 (born 1966 or 1954). Anthropometric methods and lifestyle questions were unchanged between earlier and later surveys. Dietary comparisons were based on 24-h recall, with additional questions about usual alcohol and salt consumption patterns. In subgroups, 24-h urinary sodium was determined. RESULTS: Weight, height, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, triceps and subscapular skinfold measures were all significantly higher in later-born cohorts, although BMI and obesity were not significantly changed. Higher sodium excretion was observed among later-born sub-groups, consistent with reports of increasing salt preference. Lower proportions of energy as fat and sucrose, but higher carbohydrate, protein and fiber concentrations were reported by later-born cohorts. There were shifts towards increased frequency of wine and liquor consumption, but decreased beer. Leisure time physical activity and perceived stress levels both increased significantly over 36 years. CONCLUSIONS: A number of anthropometric and lifestyle differences between two generations of Swedish women were observed. Increases in subcutaneous and abdominal fatness were detected without significantly increasing BMI. While some aspects of diet showed improvement, increases in salt preference and sodium excretion are cause for concern.
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